I n d

Page
e
Date of
XX
Date of
Name of the Experiment Remarks
No. No. Experiment | Sibmission
|sheax Ceatex of aC-section 0l- 04 oso8\23EGo&l23
o2-nsymmetcal Bending 05-o 23\08\23 3ol08l23
Pincipal Axes Determination05- 1243ologi23 o6log (23

Poissons Rain of Cantieex Beam- 3-16 o6 |\23 13los23

O5.Tus Dimensional Bendinoof Bam7-19 123log12.3 oz\l6l23
O6. Buckling of a
Column |20-22! 27l09 23 D4lio\23
07-Detexmianion Df PiAcipal Stain23- 24 09 l|o|23 1\lol23
25-27 (\lol23

O9-Dampingo Canilevex bean 28-30 13\lo)23

10Siaple Tensign load Cell Calie ration3-3 ol23

3BRABAB3TBBBBH3
-DIAGRAM: 2.OO
bial 2 Dial 4

Cm Shcocctrh

2
22 Cm
DETLRMINATION OF SHEAR CENTER OF c gécTloN
>OBERVATIONS:
i. Load oN
Positi on Dial L (ve) Dial 2(V) V= VL-Ve
(Yad)
(mm) (mmY (mm) 2

2 O.00oSS
2 -06 OO3
4 -o4

-OO 2
Oo2.
-003
-0035
 Date oglog\23

Expt.No, Page No.

EXPERIMENT 01

SheaX Ceatex o
C Section,

ALMTo detexMine the sheatcentenofa c)cection

ARRARATUS REQUIRED:Dial gauqes,3seights (20N each), Sale,
Nexnle calipers

THEORY:
The sheax centex of acOSs Secion is the pointat which an
appli ed shear (txansuexse)foxce produces anly pueSheash
but no tuishag
iDue to extenalsheax oYces otoe beam, sheas stSses ae
oduced on the CxOSS-Seion of tae bearo,if tae f Sultant
of he intexnol sheax fce susteno and applied torce do nst
coincide.
A
iiid toxquetsdeuelope dand here ore thae sectionis ndex
toist The applied shear toce nust pass thuah the shea
centex of the ope sectiog,inoYdex ox to not tuist
t
Aslong as Maxwells invexSe relotion is compaible with
Honkean mattrial, the saeax cente uill be the Same as
ceDtex of tuist.
V. Fox achannel section,the positión oF
sheax centsx fnmthe
wextical weh is deAned as ei

Teacher's Signature
 ii. Load 4OtON
V
Dial I (vg) Dial 2 (V) (Yad)
Position (mm) (m 2.
(mm)
-t6
-25 -6 0.2.
oeBS 0-\7 OÔ0 7

2
3
O135 OOo35
-006
006S
-002S -0:0o02S
-O005-O00OoS
O.o2
-o.o6 -0055
-6
-009 oo-ooo09
O13 t -0 -O12
ii: Load6 4ON
Position Dial |.(Ve) Dial 2(v) VVe
(m (mn) (m)2
O:12
-0: 16

2 -013
3 00075
o 2

4 -0o8
-0S O00 25
-0o2 -O•
7 -00 3 -0:|S

8 0 04

-O07 -O6S -OOO06S

5
-0 -O.O0075
 Date oalO8l23
Page No.
Expt. No.

PROCEDUR:
istaxt the dialgauges, andmakeSue that both themare
displaying the tadingQ
20.N_at the first posttion, soy
o x
a
iPace knaon weightw
Note the deflec tionsot both the ends,ie VA Ve. taen place
the weight at henext position
AvAdd weight,and. repeat this for all positiSns.
us
N.Calulate ,4plst

DBSERVATLONS:
iwidth of C-se ction b= 5035 mn, 49-63mo, 5037mm
Meaa with b= 5O• (7 mn
iiHeight C-section h= lO0. 66 mm\O2mm lo0.4mm
Mean height
n
iOo.14mm.
iiiicKness of C-secion t\:6lmm,L59.mmt5amm
=
Mean thickness l58mm
Length of Cesection =.19.5 cm
Distanee betseen 2
lading positisns= 20m
yid Least count of dial gge
vii- Plate oickness =2:84 mm, 2.GAmm
Mea Plate ckness= 2-165 mo

CALCULATISNS:
Theasetical position
e
fsheax centex fom the vertical wehe
3b
b(\t6b/h)
iiosihon of shear center fAm qraph fy 20 N
loadE 120 mm
KiiPosiion E
sheax centeyoa qxaphfox A0N load= 1O0 mm
s
iaPe sition sheassentexfm qxaph foy s0 Nlaadz 12

Teacher's Signature
GRAPHS:

pAHGmONENISGAHelH
 Date Q9l0RÍ23

Expt. No. Page No. O3

NMean posian sheax centex tom

of gyaphs= 1g mn
whExpeximental poston f sheax ce
nter= lot(4
124-mm
iTheeticaL position of shneox centex: Ot 18.195
viii 128195mo
-
blEor io positiin Df sheaY centex= 28.73s I243 IOO
12-8735
=3.223/
RESULT
The p0sition Df centex tor thae C-se io
shear was sbtained
at 124 m, ushichms a deviation 3.123lomits
theaetical yalwe.

CoNcLUSION:
wheno body is ated upon by afoxte not along its
pinipal axis, it cxeates botta nozmalå sheax stesses inthe
body
ñThe Sheax center o a
cxOSS Sectianis hepoint at chish an
applied sheaxfoce podlces saly pue sheax, but no tusistiog

LAFERENCE:
The sheax centex isthe Same aShe centex of taisti given
HhatMaxuell's invexse elaton is compatible csith.
Hookean material
Cananh -)

-.Teacher's Signature
3 cm
 Date 0sl03 123
ol
Expt. No. Page No. 04

Teacher's Signature
>DIAGRAM:

CANTILEVERED (J)SiLTION

32 -41
a= 32.23 t325I +32:48 ..a 34-04 mm
3
b
b= 32-29+ 3371+3393 33-3l mgh
3

e= SI·90+So. 94 +527
3

t = 219+22+ 214+2\6 t= 2
18 mm
4
 Date 23 l0 3Í23

Expt. No.
O2.
EXP Page No.
ERIMENT 02
EXPUosymmencal Bending
AIM: Tocompae expesimeatal and theorcical alues of Pys V

(yextical deflecion)P us U(Hoizontal de4lection) due to

unsymmetncal bending in canileveec )sectionbeam
BpPPRATUS: CantileVered()section beam, traveling mieo
-Sope, 10 l9aàs of OOg each, Meterscale, Wenies calipexs

THERY:
Unsgmaehàc bending occis ahen bendiag aomeat is iadind wst
|ae påncipalaxes.le, lsadis to be agplied ia any direchon other
kan those of piaigal to genexate axes un
symmetical laending
a
thecase af se ctian, the neutyal axis is not gexpendi cular
ko Xhe axial plane in which the bendiag momests ae actisg
iate elementay theogof bendiggtls assamed taat the plane of
Lsading is pacalle\ to, or contakasapiaciçal axis of ineztia ajte
beam
iDefle etion duetasymmetical bending:
Considex atoad aciag p
ana
canilerex CDsection beam pis not
acing parallel to the pincipal axis andthis causes un Symmety
Ca bending This deuelops a hending moment M.
Resolve M

into Me My
We
Kno aat

ectangle, -aouttcenttd
bLyy=bTayo

Teacher's Signature
 OBsERVATIONS:
|: Loadig:
Horiz
Load
V Scale e^tal
(mm) destecion(m
(9m) Scale (mm) deiection
21: 89
24.63
2A.79
(00 22->
200 2215 O26 2486 Ô -23

300 2232 O43 25|2.

25.2o S7
400 2244
Soo 22-SS O70 25.44
22.72 o83 25.Go O.97
700 22-32 |·63 25-8 2 |·19

23-) 25-94 31
23-19 130 26-0o |37
3o0
23-32. |.43 26\o [- 47

Il- Unlcading
Load Roži2ntal Hoizntal Vevtical Scale Vertica
S cale (m) detecie (m) Cmm defectin(mn)
: 27
Joo 25-9o l:23 23-19
25-86 23-O6

700 2575 |o 8 2289

25-66 O39 22.76
SOO 25-43 O -76 22Co 8-68
400 25.32 O-6S 22 47 SS
300 25-|7 22-34 6 42
200 225-)o O.43 222. 23 -31
2497 22:0S o(4
2467 292
 Date
22lozl2
Expt. No. Page No.

we
Usina the parallel axistheoem^get moments of inextia
the
IxxyyIsyabout the centtid. P

3e3yy

et s
be tne defecion n07 ma
to the neutalaxis at the same
Sectiooof tae heam
2,incipal axes.
elation is:
elation is: Curvatue
vi-LMoment -CuYVature =dsiALlaLet
dz2 S.Dis placement
Si n<
dz2
=
Esin -d
.

Byy
Conside Mefz) My2o, Mzpesenta N,: S2t

.A =- Su

222 at2tto, bx o,
On inteaxahing Osing bunday conditions,

6€Iax

2L2
2

Teacher's Signature
 Date 2308123
O2.
Expt. No. Page No.

PROEDURE:
Measut the dimensians of Atne ginsectiGo
us thetavelg & a
micOScope lscation onthebeam.
andtake the iitial eadiAgs
o
Lead the fee end gcaduallyom to looogm
Nate the yertical heiZonta ti.desections (Vsl cspectuely
Repeat the alone steps foxualaading
>CALCULATlONS:

Aat AotAe Centrid

AatAtAc

1(3331)(23) Taa287Gnm
(2-18)(47.49) Ia |9452. 26 mt
|2

(32. 4)(2 13)T 27:98r

On calculahag
mm
Ty (2.18s3.31)*= GI|4.27
=
mm
2039
T (2:13)(32. 41)> =6R4.61 mn
l2

Teacher's Signature
 Date 23(08l23
2
Page No.
Eypt. No.

Iyat Andyt(y,tAudyt(7ythedye
.Byy
Oncalculatingwe -9.et
SRLDAALAEAEAm Iyy 475So.G3mm
N.xyaA-dad286.02 4663 omt &

Tu Ae dacdy ?2722 I. S8mmt

5521| 46 mmt

RESVLTS:
=
47550. 9298 mm

3€Txx

3EIy
=l0Sk2267
2-4S66 L3

Tyy
Slope of Rus Ui3E
|-254L3
=
|Theoretically LDS6.22.67 NP096394u
DISCUSSION:
SThe accux acy of#Hhe
expeinent highlydepends an houe accuxately teI
Sections are neasut exaYs ntese measure ments
As eventiny
gxeaty afect gause naajor exros in Ixx,EuyZy
iis o pefenedto usehot a ent light weight beano so that tteutight
the loeam does atfect the expeinent
Teacher's Signgte
DIPAGRAM

a= 2714 279+27-\S
3
=1:4
mm
b= 2G17+27-80+ 271327-25
3 mm
C S3-24t53-74 +52-78 = S3-25
3 mn
(sECTION
4 my

TEST BENct FoR SECTIONAL PAeAMETERS

 Date 3ol08123
Page No. 09.
No. O3 EXPERIMENT 3
Expt.

Deteainaio.AAN?\e axes_of-uDSyMneTical sheax

A: Todetexmine he piacÀpal axes ofunsynmetxical sectien bu

applying Lsads and tinding outAetlections

eeARATUS:Traveig MMeoscope, sectioo beano, WeiahtS:

21K4, lo 200gmVenier Caxípes.

>HEORY:
Pincipal aoxis Tae pincipal axes S
'inetia staigid boduy anea
set of aes Cente ot mass ,and
passing though ojects'
yelate to hmass a distbutian such that the angular mamentum
any othex
imparted aoove pdncigal axisis nottransferYed to
Laxis
¡1he
any section aonut he produet ot
orthogonalaxestor
nexia vanishesAe deined as hepinipalaes
Q4
thesecfica
RiETe,IyTyae the maments pndut of inextin respectue
Ay any sectinn abaut apaxiculax ngthngonalaxis the
to
inclinahon uith ushich the pincipal ax aligned
this axis is given by 2Ty
Sy-I
Ye
Seincipal

Teacher's Signáture,
 oBSERVATIONS:
i. Loaaing:
(mm) Vertical cmm) wH
Horizontal Horizontal Wy
Lo ad C9 m) deslection (u) detlection()
27:74

20O 22 o2 20 24 13 36I 0S76

4-00 |9
4
4. 26 23-3 3 O966
|3:69 6. 4-| 22 Co S.14 o3 |: 247
|S.SS 8SS 2|:3 )S- 83
|O00 (329 (o81 673 |606

|200 12- 86 20-29 7.45 (726

|400 (S-oS 194922S 67s l24

l600 S-9 2 (7:\88-77 97
(:334
4-83 3-27
8
o3 3-71
28S 2|-2S (733 2-641
200o

Unloading: Hoizontal cmm) yertical cmm) W

Horieontal deletion Cuy deyection ()

Load gm
3 -35 20:54 17-s6 7:25 2833
4.53 19-3G |7:97 2830
·

14-00 8O 4
S.8S |g-29 S.S2 2 87I
|2O0
9
-5 2 |4.27 (976
2
812
|2. 8 20 47 4.34 280G
|S-3S 221.7 2 3-09 2:763
600 22-27 2·S4 O•3 2759
(9-SI 4. 38 23.(8 |.63 O.2 2·687
200 2|:73 2.16 24.0S O76 2 842
2383 24-8I
 Date 30\08 \23
o3
Expt. No. Page No.

PROCEDURE
tyavelMag miCOScOpe is placedin front of the 1 se
t measue dele tioo,
a
Neti Gal lsed 2 Kg
is aplied tn the sectino
MaKe
A
aste of he orizoal vericaldee tions and addit
hozi29ntal load af 209gmis added and hoizoatal,vetical
aoted.
The hoxiZO0tal loadis \icenented by 20ogms, and de4ections
aented uniltho maKimun auailable loadis aadded.
The same stes Qe epe ated fox unloadiaq
RiDmensins ot he section ae nneasuedsig taevexniex
callipers.

CALCULAT\ONS:
Centyoid

y26939

= +
27. 4
Xl17)2 3)-382469S. 06)
|2.

=20 73 965 mm

=(1 17(s4.08)> + 62.192(2-0 4-2G.933)

1s)S 8
.lo mm?

Txx S6 5622Sn
Teacher's Signature
 Date 3o08123
Expt. No. Page No.

=(27.7) (1) t 29.4 sl- (230- 26O&S)

2

+33e 70 3.233.0m
= 7
4636 mm

6867.43o mm
Tyy(330 6- 126G mm

O+ 62 \92 26-0g6 -26 8SS(26 A3 g-7o4)

0622) mm

= 4
l62273onm
y205 39949 mmt
V. tan 2e =
23ny ie
=
toan

TheoiCallye= -21 -84

Vi.
Fxom gxap hs, intfxsectionpoiat lies at
=
weight atio -o42
EXpeiaental ton(-o =
42) -227g°
angle
C
heo

Teacher's Signature,
 Date 30\08\23
3.
Expt. No. Page No.

RESULT:
hepiaipalaxesf the Csecthon ae alianed at -2218
ttheete oith the DImaloaxes, as seenexpeimentallu
Bs this angle is negaie, tthe pdacpal axes at inclined at
an angle of 2278 clockulse to the nornal set of axes.

DISCUSSL0N:
Lie this expeMMenan eyox of t3'4 is xesent. This
kaicater the te expexment nas hee pextoxmed uell.
doesnt pass
L
the applied load thYough hesheax centex, a

tustag action ww\ he obsgKved on he eam, ctating mone

exyOrs in te valesand Hhus complicate tae theorei cal
Aeriationot

Teacher's Signature
DIA GRAM:

Staingavge!
S)

e
Mateial: Aluniium, E= G3 GPa Gaug FactoY= |-9 2
=
Total(enatn 483c
Strain gauge position =
G.Scm
Posit on l= A63cm
Posiion 3= A2 2cm
Position 5
38-3cm
DIAGRAM: CA NTNERED BEAM

pICTURE:ArPARATUSHOiNaCANTILEVE R
BEAM
ND STRN MEASURE DEVICE
 Date o6\0g123

04. Page No. 13.

Expt. No.

petexmination ot Poisssns Ratto cfor Cantilevey Beam

AIM:To detexmine the bending

stxaia developed ithe beam
os9eOentaly using electsdeal eslstance staio gauge And
pardog E. woitto thesreteal walue,cotn the helpot thecetical
tendiag steSs values.
ARPARATUS: Stxaio gauge, Cantilevex Beam Setup, Measuing
scale, weights erniey calipexs

THE ORY:
Fo aene xal bending neona a
beam

TanIyy -I

whee
MTy
1- Tag /In y

1-|n ox eypexineot we
ise
M=MMy M, (symmetical etion

0StYain gauge doe ction cixCTi

The condiion fox aull deleioo at aaluanametex in thewhet
stone bxidge cireut is R

Rg
and
The bidge balance coaalis calihexated tox the instument
styain can be ead Aiecta AE=kR2
AE: galvanoonetex deiectian (RrtR)
Teacher's Signature
 :
SBSERVATIONS
\ Position Lateval straio 6heo
Lo ading Longitudnal Stain (in Mpa
Chvgof ()2()
Load
(gms
3\
So 62 205
19
|20
30 6-\74
33 823\
200 |49

(80 |028
250
21| |2-347
300
350 237 68
4+00 266 \6. 4
G3
450
88 \8-S20
Soo 220S79
Unloading:
Load Longitudnal strain Lateral Strain 6theo
(gms) Cx07) Cin M p

A-SO 262
237
3So 204 67
s
300 |75
Same as
250 [46 47 above)
200 36
27
Lo 7
So 26
 Date f \og12.3

Expt. No. Page No.

PROCE DURE

gauge
st the strin-gges Qn fhe beam,andcoanet tnentotha
Lstxai indicator
n
half bridqe mDde ote tne -gaugefactox,
adset tpmpery oahe stxaiaindicato.
alonce he bidgeto make Raeotaio indicatax xeadu
straia tading Position 1

iN Aply ihe Nextical load at etaó thefeeend,instes o4

Ska, ond aote to coTxesponding shain eadings.
ReoeatSteR i or eunading case byxemDing lsad instps
ViRepeat steps es positions 325.
CALCULA TIONS:
widtto of beam bC2553+ 25.3GsS9) 25.4mm

(2

=(25.494.84) mnn
24l 34
12

Hcal vaue
iv.Theoneical awe oftss
of Cstheo= Mz
V. Eam he
= E
graphs, ue can get the slope, whichis te vale
osE,le. modulus ot gidity
E

Teacher's Signature
OBsERVATIONS:
2. Posiion 3:
D Loading
Load Longitudnal Strain Lateyal.St ain 6heovei al
CXIO-) i

SO 27 9 1:352
(8
55 3.76s
lSo 81 27 SSSG
(o 8 36 7408
250 (33 AS 326o
300 l61 S3 \1-I12
3So 187 62 123GS
21S 7| (4.817
24L 80 |6668

So 26S 89 I8-52
Unloading
Load Longitudnal Stvain Lateral Strain 6Hheo
Cgm s)
ASo 238 79
210

3s0 182 62
I57 S3 same
250 131 44 above)
200 (o4 35
27
(o0 So
24
 Date O6
\03l23
04. Page No. |5.
Expt. No.

OBS.eRVALONS:
3.PositionS
Loading
Load Longitudnalstaio Latexal Strain 6the
(gms) CX0-6)

24 7
A-7 3.296
|50 22 4.g3g
200 93 30 6
S8S
250 38 8:232
300 47 3. 878
35o \66 S4 l|S24
L86 62 1317o
4S0 212 |4. 817
234 78 I64 G3

DUnloading Longitudnal Stxaia Lateral Stxan

Load
| Cgms)
ASo 2203
63
350 S6
300 139 48 (Same as.
250 39 akove)
200 89 3 7
23
4- 2
So (9

Teacher's Signature
 GRAPHS
1
BendingStress Vs LongitudinalStress: Position
25
y0.0689x
+
0.2399
20
Stress

15
Bending

10

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Longitudnal Stress

Bending Stress Vs Lorgitudinal Stress: Position 3

20
18 y=0.0695x + 0.1924
16
Stress
14
12
Bending
10

4
2

50 100 150 200 250 300

Longitudnal Stress

Bending Stress Vs Longitudinal Stress.Position 5

18
16 y= 0.0698x + 0.2704
14
Stress
12

Bending
10

50 100 150 200 250

Longitudinal Stress
GRNPHS SHowiNG LONGTUDN tLSTRESS ON X-AIS, HeoeHcal
 Date Oblo\24

Expt. No. o4. Page No.

CALCVLATONS:
Vi. The e%peimenta valO ofEe93AteAS345-
3

=69 4-GRa

Vii

Roissonsatin 0i3I937 t o•340 3 S

to3425
3

O32 4

lDIScOSSLON:
iThexe is aShgt diss paniyin espe imeatal theoeical volues
Ee G9GPa VheeE O32
exp

p
walue foisson's xatio

Teacher's Signature
DIA GRAM:

F\GURE (oLUMN BUCKLING ARRARATUS

 Date13\0312g
OS. Page No. 17
Expt. No. EXPERIMENTS
Bucklias oa Caluon

MTo study the structxel iastzbility incolumns undes compsesied

AanÀ eshnate the caihcal eking load

RRARATUS Slendercolgo, dial gauge, ulex, vetnjex calipexs,

lum bnc kling esti setup
columo

THEORY
slendex counlndey cocprescive load is pxhne to buekling
Caalying Hhelaad, lateral defectin occuxS, and upto a certaig
load comes hak to Hae igiaal State upon unloadiAg 4 Mae
laad
a
eceeds cestain value, the celcimndoes nategainifsoiginal
Shape and tae. loadis called cncalloadle
To
estimate theciicaload f an ideal cailnn, cansidex Hhe
situahan alongside Eam tiople laendiag theag
ELy

agplyingbndany canditins, Lyl*zo)=ylxeL)=o

get 2
sialu, hee
We can shau that a oon tinial solution leads to

L
Maxlnun urklias load is

Teachers Signature
6BSER VAT\ONS:

Deflection Cmm) slectiorolLoad

Des (mm
Load()
52

433

0325 O-0O ST22

O417 Oo 676g

64.9
O67|

978
 3109\23
Page No.
Expt. No.

Fo an igpexfect coluon,conside<. heatealdelection o a

bent Colunni

[Let y sin na
DE SOlution S

Sin
n12

L
s
The
total deglefion is given by sefA
PROCE DORE:
. IMount
the slendex column intlae testiag setup
iil Eiz the dial gauqe such hat t eads 4ne centraldele etiog
ii Apply comessive loads and note the cogespandiag aeadings.
cagh
calculate tthe buckli ng laacd
NCompAe exeime ntal gesults ith ttheoreticalvalue
OBSERuATONS:
Lengta o4 columor Sl5cm
Thiskness ofeumn= |72+6Ž +1:6
ii WiaHh of coum 25:21+ 25.\9+25.26 25.22m

= =
is Theoeical value of Young's Modulus 2ooGPa 2X10" Pa

Teacher's Signature.
GRPHS:
5INILKSDINENES
 Date 13
\0\23
5

Expt. No. Page No.

CALCULATI0NS
Smal\estanea moment of 'inevtia I=ot
2

(Resexp= 8282N
Theoe Hcal value of caiical load
(Redes

REST
Theeexpei me
ntal vale Df cxitical load was obtaisnedto be

82-8N which has o35L deviaionton its heoseical value.

CON CUUSioNS 2 NFERENCE

n
this experiment ue have esthnattA the cxtical lauckling
ead of ttae caluma On açpluing load to sendex columa, a

ateal defiection occuYSwhich etuyns to omginalStateupom

unlsading. AsteK acextoin laad, it does nt xturo its ggiaall
|state upon unloading Haisis tae buc kliag load
The eaox might bedie to nonuciformiyin column, xin
taa matenalwaicomay have een caused yhardeniagdu

0. Teacher's Signature
DIAG eAM:

Miy

dz.

FiGURE Re etonquo plate Undey Pure Bening

o4 plae cut out by wo
)
nelenent
adjocert plates.
 Date 27\69123

No. Page No.

Eypt. EXRERIMENI 6. 2-0

TuoDimensioaal Bendag.of Beam

AIM: To sbsexNe the anticlastic bendiag mode shape cof atthaLo
Squascplate andcompae the expe imertaland
valieS of hendlgsts,
A2RARATUSThin Sqae plate styaia gauges,weignts steain
indicator
THEDRY:
Pane beading is a
condition of stss ushee a be ndig
ometis applied toateuitat'siauttaneous pese nce of
laxi al ste ss
o
tosoal torce. aha such acase, the fleXura
zigidiy the qlate co)play.c signii cant xole.
E
D=
12()-y wheyt,t plate ticknesL
Dpoisson's xatie
Cusvatue of desiected suYface
-w
We can show taat
n ane
EMe2 2: Distance neutyal

carreSpand to the
6Me
t t
bottommast layer of
the pla te
Teacher's Signature
 OBSERVATIONS:
(N(m) (Ni (NIm C)
(NÍm
DialL(u)Dial 2(0eye gJesp l6n eo e
Loadlm)
|-2070020700013647(g6479
-39298392gS 8
S-355
5-355
S-35S .
200
-
4|4004($oO0 S3ss
-69000O 62(00o-S84432S84437 17-064 S.3S
400
- (3 |2 -8970oo82ooD-7853\7 8sg17 (4-134 S-35S
- l6 15 -1040 0003SDOO 382396382336
12
378 S-35s

660 - 20 -1380OO0 242000 \\7887S |\78875 17-061 S-35s

700 -23 -1S87o0o(3000 -137535A1375 354 |S-388
S.35S
26 -(794000 6 SGOOO S71833 |S\333 \4.(344 S
-35s
800 24
2.07 Ocoo(8G3000-7683\2768B)2706I S35S
3oo-30 27
(583
-33 -2277o0020ol000A96479)|964T91 \:843
- -2001 oo73t000-1768312]|7683|2 13(S9
300 29 26
8 D0 23 794tooolS87000 -lS7 53|S 7833|4.(3 Og6S
1380D00-SIS3S4i37S3S4 |S-88 o338
700 -23 -(S87o06
7 -3I1000 3000 -\733 75||78875
|S -o400(o3SO00 -g 8239638 2396 12-378 5-355
|2 |2 8280oo 8 28 Ooo S-3ss S.35s
300 - 9 -62oo0 6246o -S8 437S8 4437 4
|2.204 S-35S
200 5 6 34soao400 -33 2SS83323S S-3SS 8
S-35S
3 -(380o 207000-g64 73 136479 29-764 S-255
 Date 21\63123

Expt. No. Page No. 21

One inportant esut that is an autcome of foxce-noment

ea.uation is that the tuisting momeat t edaes can be
eplaced yconcentrattd eads.
A sufacean
Lcaled
cx
aaticlastie surface
uatuzes
possessing 2
ofopposte siqns is
For ou eXperimental setue,
W=2M
4

PROCE DURE:
Suppoxt Ae plate as shownin the figue and appu veticaloads
in small stes.
serve Ahe antielasts bendiag shape of toe plate
Connet staiagaues ente heatstora bridge civait
Land giad hehenaig staio
iCalculate endiag stese amd comparesith tneoettal values
GDBSERVATIONs:
Diagonal alate 42cm
t = 2
Thickness f plag 23t 214 274 7367n
3

Sauge factrot stain gauge \9

Teacher's Signature
 Srestus Load (for loading)

GRAfHS.

1000
G00
200
load(gm)
tongitudirial
longitudirnal theoritícal vfues of stress
Kperimental values ofstress

Stress vs load (for loading)

0.5

12
14)
10

-0.5
Stress

-1.5

-2.5 load(gm)

Theo value of stress (transverse)

-exp values of stress (transverse)

Stress vs load for unloading

F\QURe: Gyaphs 25

for tyansverSe
12

andlongitudnal 1.5

stress

strts against
loading and 0.5

unloading 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

-0.5 load(gm)

Exp value (unloading) longitudinal theo value longitudinal

Stress vs load for unloading

0.5

10 12 14

-0.5
stress

-1

-1.5
 Date 27\0329

Expt. No. Page No. 22

lCALCULATONS
Com ttae obse Vation table,uecansee at
the logitudnal
andtanseSe Stssesae eual
eca=Csma
AVeYage

RES ULT:
|e ttaeoetial and eKperjmental yalues of longtzudnal and
txanserSe SteSSeX wgse close enouah, tta ate eYroYS.
is hence vexiied

CoNCusioN NFERENCES
ALL
the resuts hee ae
dexiwed usiag tlhe ttain plek theoy
hhexeaxe some assumpionsushichn we haebeeniolated
Láng ta expeiment, kich
ex OYS in oA eXperiment
neglect.
migt he Aue to the
Sensithyihy os stxain gauges t extrnal Aistux bances,and
ae Ao Hhe
vilati Dns of iain plate heo assunaptioni.

Teacher's Signature
 DIA GRAM

t
=
95.634 4t 3S.6/3 95-2mm
b
S3-92t94.2t9 S3:7mm
S2·6 2+S246+SosS3 3-S\:87

t2-38 t226+2\/3= 2. 24m

(sccrON
FiGUE

OBs€RVATIoN TABLE: 3 E

Channel 2 Chanmel Shea

Load Channel
CN

- 28 -|2
S 0-295
295
-56 -0B02 -7-]
-84 23 -20 21 -1-763S ~6-4
30 -28 27 -3.28S -79
20 l3
38 -35 32 -3-7| -38 -5
25
3o -l69 4S
- 4-4 36 -S-SS 3

-S:S
3S - |97 S3 -6-378 -137 -S.3
4
-224 -7-67 -4.9
4S
- 25 2 69 49 -).63 -63 -17S -4.6
CLoadia)

*
Strain osetepos hon s32m rom end.
 Date o4110 l23
Expt. No. 07
ERERIMENT 07 Page No.23
Detexmination O
RiOcipale Stxaio.

AIM:To deteYmine hepcinciplestrains the Ai reeon ot

piniple staia
AReRATUS:cantlevex (1section, StcaiaAgauge Rectaagulax
stain 0sete Tulerand vexniey caloe
THEORY:
hep~elemnent etanaalar oseteis used in thne expedment The
at stcaio can be broeo into thte ports strainin
,
strain inu
g age
andtnesheang sthain let tlae <tainexpeelan fsg be

o
Caztesian componeo
2 2 2

(oetenined boy
sinuane ous slion of fa,£ae
ta
this expexìment,e ae usiag a
taee-rectanqular sOsette uith
straia gaugec
co
along lagtudnatancuexse and alangtthe hiseetioa
of anglee4s°,30
Foromthis, ee obtain the measued sty ains as.
-(2
The diYectian of poniple stxain is gien hy
ey
tan2e=

Teacher's Signature,
 Ualoadi g

(u) (u)
(dey
Load CN)
A
-224 -S9 -673
3S S4 -SI -S37 -136
- 43 35 -3-97 (Some
4-7
-g7
25 -\40 -3S -2-56 ag
32 -26 -|·28 77 above
20 27
1S -82 26 7 22l:S -S7
-S4 17 2 63 -37
-18
S ~2S
 Date oA-|\ol23
o7.
Expt.No. Page No.24

PROcEDURE
t he Staigauges onthe thee ctanqulay rOSeHe an the
seion beam,connecing it to the Stx ain iadicato inquoazter
xidge conigatio
iiepluy \oadS at e
tip
secion of the beamin steps of SN, and
ote te cosTespoading strain
tadings.
Repeat Hhe Samekor uloadiag
ermine tae aor mal and sheax Strain, tno piAciple straia
and Airectibn of phaciple stran
CALLCVLATloNS:

Slope
=
tan9 9:iasliaetias of principle axes
tan -o134t2s)

RESULI hepiacipal axis of a giuen 2-sectian beamis

inclined at an ongle of -3: 823 wtn the aoxizantal axis.

C0SsiON:
DIS
Though tais eperimeat, cue
foundAit4exet values of angle of
inainle ais fos difhexent loadiag condiions le fnosthat
axis a
Aaloet cally, the qinciçle^ angle is fxed for
ae
sectin Howeuey, paay
difteenceobseredin exeximental vales be
de ta
eOYS by vibratioO and high ptcision straio gauge

Teacher's Signature
 Date ILlrel3
Expt. No. Page No. _25

Wibraiont inear Beam

AlM Tode texmine thno natuYalfequencies mode çhapes of a

cantileeed hean

eePARATUS: Cani\e ver heam, oscilascape,

Elertodynanaic shaker,
ac celeometex,
ibrahoameterVeYniex callie xs, meter sçale.
THEoRY:
,t w(xtdi tans veTSe moisn of Qoiot
t atime
Cxoonnetel axis ofbeam
t2 dlstance e
fomthe Sgis, tne bendiqAsmeat
asuerse she aY externa force per uait\eng th is Mxt)
Nt &
PCotSpeiyely he Bex noullh
-EuleY assu mptians sf
olementany eamhe ony wl oe enm\oyede la adddition to these,

a
Fox liasax elastic beamshee popeties ae ladependentaf
lpasitian in tae cYoSs section,tne bending msnaaat is:

dt

doe
2
E
d

N= A coe t
Senexal souhani har BsinhBtCcoctsinß*

Teacher's Signature
 1
Date |tol23

Page No. 26
No.
E.
Bounday d

at d
da 3

331\S
L
W

4
22-
22

25

PROCE DORE:
adinafor psshe faegen Sweep
Check the miltotmetr
tomthe OScillator
The figue
on the oscillos cope scten willal so gie gaeqenciesS
t
:#calculate he irst khee aadal ftquencies fMn the eSults
the aboue Stps

CALCULATONS
l7S8 Taking
TL? PA w24-21mmLa 29Scm
327 00K lm
JPA

Teachers Signature
DIAGRAM

Mt)

v(x*dnt)

F\aUREForces Moments on Secton of 3eam

 Date

No, Page No.

Expt. 27

eSERVATLONS:
steeli7 =
iEixst modeof fequeny 9.96 Hz
Second mode of ftquenuy= 61:17 Hz
id mode of quenty= \t6 58 Hz

CALCULATLONS

72:376 H

20|:|H

From the texm deriedfor fequen y we

mode af fequenty is iadependent t theeiiag

WROueen

Teacher's Signature
OBSERVATIONS.

Second wode

Frequency modes of Cantile vey beam

FiGURE
 Date

Page No.28.
No.
Ayt.

Teacher's Signature
>AGRAM:

>t

utCos
De (t -a)
lut
t)
M

CANTILEVELBEA
FIGUR€DAMPINGOf
 Date 18Wo|23

No. EXPERIMENT O9 Page No.29

Ept.

a
Damping CaotileveBeam
4
Tcalculatehe a
logaxithmic decement and dampina
coeficient of Canhlee olam
aARARATUS: Cahle ver Rám, OScilloscape Viloration netex,
Accele TDmeter sey ampliHex.

THEORY
Dampag is a
phensmenan fnat aakes ang ilbratig hady
stxucte to decay in amelthuce o
moion qxadually bynneans
okenergy dissipatian thDugh aiaus nechanismi
Danping of
isa veycamplephe nsmenne
stactuesdampiag hish
reEC to
)material b)fàtian danaping at Hee

Conneions.
wWhenaatactueis sulieate d to nscillahag detoxumatisns,tae
om
he descAbed by the conlnati of
static the stctuean
of
o
Kinetic and potena ener9y Dampig is fe convexsion
me
chani cal eneqyof avibrahng stctuse to thex nnal eney
An qeneral,etals have \nar danmping io the case hen stess
ampituca is less than taefatigue liait.
At
non-\inea danmpin, the hysteisis lo6p is paked,wshen
danpiagis a tSutt of fric tioa
ylt)= Deut
gt De scos
lat-x)
laaaxith mic decrement,

Teacher's Signature.
 >oBs ERVATIONS:
ti (ms)
No-of pets
350
28 |:624
-32 |624
S\88 387-5
-76 |·S76
A-43 8 337-S
|6
300 -32.
16

nonineax

o25I314
O.O02903
6.23 803
o.00 2724
O.273809
o.304S39 o.o3029
 Date 18 tlo| 23
Page No. 30
Expt.No.

Connet the osclloscope and vibration metey to te cantlever oeam

:aiveaqenie shate tothe beam So that it stats vibYahng
eibrationis captuedin the osciloscope andthe ine and
yotage are noted down.
DBSERVATLONNS
Lengthof canilev beam 23.Scm
Pasion of ACcelemmetey 2\cm
of cantilevey beam = (24g9+24-gZA2A-RS)l3 24-87 mm
=
Wt
1v. ickness o canti\leex bean= \lömm

CALCULATIQNs:

35

for non-lineax SoltionJS 4n 82) o002s

RESV LT: Thedamping to

coastaatis phtained be obo25fox
a
lineax solutionand oo02S for
a
on-line ar sluion.

coNCUSION lEERENCE
Metals followline ar damping uhen he ste ss amplitucde is less
ihan theyataelimit
We
gct A
siailar values fT latta inear noo-inear salutions,
whichindicates taat haeax appruximatian is walid to olatain
hesolution

Teacher's Signature
 OBSERYATIONS:
loading strain(micro) unloading strain(micro) avg micro strain
2
50 93 50 36 64.5
100 185 100 118 151.5
5 150 273 150 203 238
5 200 360 200 282 321
250 445 250 •366 405.5
300 530 300 452 491
350 615 350 538 576.5
10
400 692 400 518 655
742
S

11 450 776 450 708

12 500 858 500 796 827
13 550 938 550 888 913

14 600 1017 600 976 996.5

15 650 1198 650 1074 1136}
16 700 1180 700 1180 1180

FIGURE: SFTUP FOR

CALIRRATIoN oF
Lo AD cELL
 Date oll3
Expt. No. Page No.
EXPERLMENIL 31

calibration O
Stmple Tension Load Cell

ALMITo calibate a
Simple tension load cell

RATUS Uncalilrated load cell, calibcated load cell

Nexical tes tieg maahine

THEORY
To
ashart yind cal hollos bax of high senth steel Qr larass
cementtd ait toux idantieal ele ctical fsis ton stxa ce
gauges at heaid Seehon to meaue axia staias due to
applied axial lhad Tus gage aehonded alongthe axis af te har
her two ae bonded pex
o
uwhile the pendicalay bit oound the
leizeumfence ot the go-secion tee longtudlnaliyhonded gaiges
adte dreumtAHally onded gauges placed alternatkely! ae
e
stzain gagesa placedia the sheets tone bide circuit
e
This aKAnge ensunei tem paeAtuse congensation and
t
eininatss oending stain intlwne, itany, due to eccenti ities
hile iarreaina the hridge sensitlviy

PROCEDURE:
The load cell is ftted iaspe cially designed Aensian Ioading
Sy stem. The tensile load is applied oythemeane of asoewack
System and the loaá aasued thnouah a standard load- cell
witta tae
load to oe
nd
c callbrraed is canne ted an a staia
aeplied load Ns shain ls nsted. Both
measuhg bide
laading and nloading ANe donet calibratian caxE dor tae lead
cell is plo tted

Teacher's Signature
 Micro strain V/S loading
GeAPNS:
1400
1200

1000
strain

800
micro

600

400

200

400 500 600 700 800

100 200 300
load in gram

micro strainv/s unoading

1400

1200

strain
1000

800
micro

600

400

200

300 400 500 600 700 800

100 200
load in grams

LOAD.V/SAVG MÍCROSTAIN
800

700

600

500
LOAD

400

300
 Date

Page No.32.
Expt. No.

|DIS
CUSsloN:
he as done usig
calikration re calibrated load cell
a
e
EYomthe lo ad and srain data for loading and unloading
get a calibraion cue fo tagoad cell tis astralgt line

Signature
Teacher's