9.

arc where 20, - y

substituting
dy jing-y)
plane of
0.)
y
+J
(0,y-x+R
0a4) (O
curve,
the
F
=
@-xo,
Iy
i
=0, and evaluate irrotational,
of
Here its
Sol. x S
= Q.
yourself.
.7.
Veñify
velocity Sol. o-.'6.
According 1,the is S xi
S, =0,y y /F.da, Using A If
div motion + the
F,a surface
zero,
is
2yj,
velocity
F F l,2=0,z= =
Gauss-divergence =1344-780168 +
4z- y= = = Gauss to where wil show
- i.e.,
[.()*[..-*d
- - 4z-2y
4x-i+ SI, the
of
F= curl be
irotational that any
of
34°-
div
divergence cube
v
26)3
y+ Fav 1. 4xzi A =0. the body 44
bounded -22)
14(4' -24)
+(44
-y²j is
yâ theorem theorem, the
if
motion given
..() by +yzé curl
x is by
 along
Square,
function 104P
Sol. Q.
the
8. I
lines in F Physical
Y the =r
Verify
x
(ix+iy),
plane,
= Sciences
0, Stoke's
y
0,= z
=
integrated
x 0,
-I.)4[.(2-) a-
=a,y theorem
whose
=d.
sidesround
for
are the the

CO.For dr BC,For
om
BC
 38P Physical Sciences OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS 15 A Ve
expressed as (A)
field which can be
vector is called (B)
rwhich X'x -Cwhere 7. A of a scalar field
negative gradient
The constant p for
(C)
A) Lamellar field, (D
(B) Non-lamellar field
(C) Non-conservative field 16. Th
(D) Conservatibe field ex
from a point per
(B)-2
8. Theamount flu divergingcalled of

(D)-1 unit area persecond isvector.field

(C) (AnDivergence of a
N3i sub: (B)/Divergence of a scalar field
2. The value of eit=ai+).
4-s)+ V5êis (C) Gradient of a
scalar field
tends an angle of60 with (D) Gradient of a
vector field
17.
per
integral _of ayectorinfi
(A) Vi 9. The maximum line the heund§ry
unit area along called
of "an

(D) V hitesimal area is

vector field
(A) Divergence of a scalar field
whose
3 The volume of the parallelopiped (B) Divergence of a 18.
edges are represented by ersurlof avector field
(D)/Curlof a scalar field
can be represented
10. The curl of a vector field
as

is (A) curlA
(A) 6 (B) 15 (D) A
(C)
(C) 28
11. Afield is irrotatiohal i f
4 The third side of a riangle whose base is
(A) grad A=0 B) div¤ =0
given by d<itjtkand one of the other
(D) None of these
two sides by b= 2j +3k is
(A) -3j +2f (B) +3) -2f 12. A unit vector normal to the surface z =x+.
-i+j-2f D)-î+Ë +2k at the point (1, 2,5)
5. The area of the triangle whose ba_e /s given (A) +
1+2-k (B) *
by d=5i-3f +4k and B=j -kis N2)
VsI (B)
V50
2 24
(C) 2
V14 (D)
V61 13.F x+ +h, then is divergence/s
2
6. The projection of vector
(C) x+y + (D) None of these
vector
8 V 14. lf Q=yz, then its gradient is-
(A)
(B) 0
8
(D) (D) ?+j+i
 (li/sec) flow rate (x) ency V
-1-(1- Prl. 7-5-7-7 7-6 7-6
431. (A) Given : np 9and Vnpg =V6, npg =6 7.7-79 7-8
80 35
39
280
7.9-8-1
8.1-83 82 17 139.4
P=l-q 838-5 84 12 100-8
8.3-87 86 10 86
J-80 /6528
np 9 6528
Mean flow rate -816
80

432, (B) Given :Mean 20, S.D. 4nn= 20 436. (B) Probability that first friend is born in
and npq (S.D 16 one month 100el
From here, weget Probability that second friend is born in
same month at that of first friend
4

So the binomial distribution is 437. (D) 438. (A)

100
439. (D) The probability of drawing ared ball
5
10
433. (C) Given : np 10, npg = 22 =4 GutlegeFor Wop the ball is not replaced, the bOx will have
4 2 Visalakchn

a ll, so probability of drawing the red ball

10 5 LIBRARY
inext chance 4
p= (l-q) 9
2 =0-6. Mence the probability of drawing 2 balls
5 4 2
UDUMALPET
84. A)
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Find the acute angle between the
surfaces
y3r 2 and 3r?-y² +2z = 1 at the 4R{i x(-2-2 x1]
point (1, -2; H.
Sol. The angle between the surfaces at the
point is the angle between the normals to the Now normal to surface 3r? - y? + 2z = 1 at
surface at that point. (1, -2, 1)
Normal to ry'=3x + 2at the point (1, -2, 1) V¢, =i (3r-y+2z- 1)
is
Vo = Vry'z-3x-2) (3r-y+ 2z- I)
(%1-4) 3r-y+2z- I)
- (62) +j (- 2y) +k (2)
= i (y²z-3) +j(2ryz) + k(r- 23) = 6i +4j +2k
A
 102P I Physical Sciences
which
Q)3. (a) Figd the constant 'a' for
Now (V o).(V 0) = |Vo, llV ¢,lcos +(r +az)k
0’required angle
thè vector ¤ =(r+ 3y) i +(y - 2)j
is solenoidal.
solenoidal if its
Sol. : Vector A is said to be
= (VI+ 16 +4)(V36 + 16+ 4) divergence is zero, i,e..
COs div A
6- l6+4= V21 V56 cos iy ¤'
6.
or cos = -
V21xV56, x dy

=
6
14V6 14 la+3y)i +( -20 +(r +az)
The acute angle between the surface is given div ¤ =
a+3y)+o-20)++a)
by
= I+1+a =2+a
9= cos-! V6 = 79°55
14 For solènoidal vector div A = 0
2+a = 0
Q. 2. The electric-potential in a region of
space is given by a = -2
V= 5r-7r'y + 8y2+ 16yz 5z volt
where distances are measured in metre. (b) If is the position vector of a point
Deduce an expression for the electric field then show that div ( 7) =7,
intensity E.Calculate the Y-component of the
field at the point (2, 4, -3). Sol. div ( 7)
Sol. Electric field E can be represented as,
E= grad V.
--(
==|i(6e7ey +8y² +l6yz -52)
+jdy
(5x- 7x'y +8y² +l6yz - 52)
(5x-7x'y+ 8y² + (as Ei.i= i.i A1Ak =31
=3/4 +4r-Zix ()
E --i6-14 19) -j (-7t +l6y +l6) =34 +4x(7.7x)
-k(16y- 5)) kvoltm =3r +4t
Now Ycomponent of field is div ( 7) = 7
Ey = 7r-16y--16z
Q. 4. If a rigid body is rotating about a
At the point (2,4, - 3) its value is fixed axis, prove that thecurl pf the linear
Ey =7(2)² 16(4) - 16(-3)
= 28-64+ 48
velocity,of a point on the body is equal to
twice its angular velocity, that is
Ey = 12 voltm
 Physical Sciences I 103P
about a fixed Hence,
Sol. If a rigid body is rotating
velocity o and is the 2+ (a'-4)') 2r dx
Axis with an angularpoint (x, y,a) onthe body at
position vector of a
then 2x d
which the linear velocity is v, = (2r- 13r'+ 28r) dr
Now totalAnegral-around the entire curve C
where from point (2,0) to(4, 12) is
and

3
13r
4
i(0z-yo) +j (0,r-z 0,)
-(4-2)-a-z
: curl Vx(ox7)
+X(0y-xo) + 14(42- 22)
= 1344-780 + 168

= 732

dy Q.6. If the velocity of any body is given by

7- 2xi + 2yj, show that the motion is
irrotational.
Sol. A motion will be irrotational if the curl

of its velocity is zero, i.e., curl v=0.

(az- ya,)-a(ay-ra) Veify yourself.
Q.7. Using Gauss-divergence theorem,
evaluate|| F.ds, where F= 4rzí -yý +yzk
=i(@, +0) +ja, +0) +k(o, +o,) S

=26 and S is the surface of the cube bounded by x

=0,x = 1,y =0,y= 1,z =0,z = 1.
Curl =2 Sol. According to Gauss divergence theorem
...(1)
Q.5. Evaluate JF. a where F=y i
Here
+(+y')j and Cis the arc,of the curve,
J=t-4 from (2, 0) to (4, 12). div F = 4z -2y +y
= 4z-y
Sol. F= yi+ +)j in (x-y) plane

-[.-)ad
= ydx+ (*'+ y) dy
Now the arc of the curve C substituting

iKahd t dy = 2x dr
 But here
hv < 2mc? V = onsôn,
conserved
so,energy is not
203. (B) 204. (A) 2a' 0 -a'
205. (C) L=T-V
v 0 2a' 0
- ' 02a
Condition
-hn-nn) 0

The normal frequencies are detemined by

IV -oT 0
0
V-oT
Here (2a'-o)(2a-)(2a'-o))+0 (0)
VT T Tp T¡ (2a-o') ((2a'-o (2a-o)+) =0
T, Tå T, J One co-ordinate will be
2a-0
2a
Other co-ordinates are
sen Cbtnpäng the T's from eqn. (i) (2a' -0) (2a - o)+=0
eTyTu 206. (C)

Sodq bn
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
Q1Two equa! nasses mare connected by Sol. x and x ’ Displacements of two
grngs having eçual spring constant c, so that masses from equilibrium positions Cand D.
etaasses are free to slide on a frictionless Kinetic energy :
abeThe ends of the springs are attached with
e Bred walls. Using Lagrangian equation, set T-m +;m
T

diferential equation of vibrating masses. The stretches of springs AP. PQ and QB are
numericallyequal to X1. X) - Xand x.
Potential energy :
OO--OOm
CP D0 B V=
 186P I Physical Sciences
If 41 =, 42 and q3 =
then 241dg, -adg,=-0
Compare with eqúation of constraints
Zadqi + adt = 0
The Lagrangian equation of motion are
d (aL
•L dL =0
We get, a'=2r and a, = 0, a, =
dt Only one constraints is given
Lagrangian equation then can be writte
dL) L = 0
dt d(oL dL
dt
Using equation (1)
We have,
dt (m)-(-Cr, + C(ig -x)) = 0 d dL
dt dr = 224r
ma -C(y-2r) = 0 or
d (•L L = 0
|mLx =C(x-2xj) ..(A) dt 20

dt (mx,) -(-C(4-x)-Crzl = 0 d (oL

and = -ya
dt
mu, --2Cx, + Cx] = 0
m, +C(2r - x) Using equation (2) and (L) we get
mu, - [Cx - 2Cx] = 0 m(r-) = 2h4r
d
or
or
m - à= 0
mz = C(-2x,) -..(B) dt
(A) and (B) are desired equation of motion. and
mz. = -mg-la
Q.2. A particle of mass m moves under the With constraints condition
influence of gravity on the inner surface of the
paraboloid of revolution r² +y? = az. Obtain 2rr- az = 0
the equations of motion. and equation (3),(4) w can find the
Sol. The Lagrangian in cylindrical knowns r,0,z and A.
nates co-ordi Q. 3. Asphere of radius a
on the top of a fixed rough and mas
The first sphere is sliphtly sphere of =
rolis without slipping down displaced
the second
m-’0 Sol. Sphere of radius CP = a,
slipping on the sphere of radius OP =rolls
b,
 Now, when
the surface, the
le to move on Sothat Zo ato +bt'
should remain positive.
glo
Putting
9-2mg 2 0
2
cos 0, 3 and

0 cos ) We get 2
at whieh the particle flies off
the integral
The path willbe extremum or
e of mass m falls a given
and the JL is extremum when a =0 and b =
time t is given by tmat Q. 7. A particle of mass M moves on a
aand b are such that he plane in field of force given byF =- rkr cos 0,
he same. Shew that the
where k is constant and r is the radial unit
tremum for real valoes of vector.
(a) Will the angular momentum of the
hen e=0 and b = particle aboutthe origin be conserved ? Justify
your statement.
this system
(b) Obtain the differential equation of the
-mmgz orbit of the particle.
Sol. Kinetic energy of the particle willbe
t=0 T =;M(e+r) ...(1)

emum
(a) Lagrange's equation in term of 0
d(oT518 JT
= Qe ...(2)
Yczn=m+ mgz dt

mum, function f(z z, ) From equation (1 )

d
fythe Euler-Lagrange"'s dt
(Mrð) -0 = Qo
Since force is only radial
= 0 Qe = 0
d
= 0 (MPÖ) =0
= 0 ..2) or Mr0 = Constant
= at + b' (given) Mr ’ Angular momentum of the particle
2
(given) about the origin.
. Conserved.
= 2b ...(3)
(b) Lagrange's equation in terms of r
end (3)
d(oT) T
dt
2
 mo
6f the
n
onltestres

190P I Physical Sciences

From equation (1) y= 2&
d
(Mr)-MDz = ), In equation (3)and
dt constant of integration.
Q, =F, = -krcos Now we applying bc
Mr - M2 = - kr cos t=0,

Mr-M+ kr cos = 0
Differential equation of the orbit of the
particle.
Q.8. Aparticke of mass m is projected with Now at
initial velocity u at an angle a with the hori B=
zontal. Use Lagrange's equátions to describe at
the motion of the projectile. The resistance of
the air may be neglzcted ?. and
Sol. P (r, y) ’ Position of particle in (, y) A=
plane at time t, X-axis horizontal. Equation (3) becom
Y

P.y)
Similarly by app
equation (4) becomes

-X Eliminating t fror
Kinetic of equation (5), we
 Physical Sciences I 191P
m’Mass at the pointP (x, ) So that,
Co-ondinate of maspoint Pbe (. y) so, pdQ -pd = sin pV24 ee (29- I2 e cOs
I OP sin = /sin
pd -(24)n e sin pdp]- pdq
yeh0+l cos =A cos ox +/cos e.(1) sinp (cos pdq -24sin pdp] -pdq
Kinetic energy
- (sinp cos p-p) dq -2q sin pdp

+h, sin cor') 29 -) 4

sin sin ot] dp
Potential energy
= dF
V= mgy
= Exact differential
= mg (ho cOS CX + lcos 0)
whereF =
Lagrangian of the system is
L = T-V Hençe the transformation is canonical.
Q. 11. Show that the transformation
=;m (8P +ahy' sin² ar +2oh,l
sin 6 sin or] -mg (hg cos o + l cos 0) ...(2) Q= log(1+Vq cosp)
The Lagrangian equation of motion
is
P= 2Vg(1+Nq cosp) sinp
d (L OL
= 0
canonical. Find the generating function
d ...3) F(p, Q)
Sol. We can find
Using equation (2) and (3), we get
cos pd -2qsin pdp
dQ = 2q2
P8+who lsin cos ot + oho l0 cos 0 sin ot (1 +q? cos p)
- oh, 16 cos 8 sin ot -gl sin =0
Here,

0+aho Isin 0cos o-gl sin =0 pd¡ PdQ =på- 2gl2 (1+ Vg cos p)
In case the hinge is fixed, sin p cos pdq -2q sin pdp
ho = 0 2ql2 (1 +ql cos p)
= pd - sinpcos pd +2q sin² pdp
8o that, I6-g0 = 0
which is equation of motion of simple
peodulam,executing small oscillations.
Q. 10) Show that the
transformation, (1-cos 2p) dp
Q= V2qe cosp
P = V24 e" sin p
sa canonical transformation.
{olon)}
= An exact differential
Sol. We can find Hence given transformation is canonical.
Now we have F (p, ) = F (p, ) which
dQ=(2)-n e cos pdq - (2q)l2 e sin pdp satisfies the canonical equation.
 Physical Sciences 193P
This yield . We can put mr'9=l=pg
JQ . From equation (2), we get
Hence generating function of the given
canonical transformation. mr
..(3)

F(. )=°tan2p Now let r = ;

0. 14. Use Hamilton'sequations to find the
..14)
differential equation for planetary motion and m² de2
prove that the areal velocity is constant. Assume Substitute in equation (3)
force fr) = Pu du
Sol. The Lagrangian m d2 m
+
)
L= T-V du +
d92
u
m
) ...(5)

;mie)(v--) Equation (5) is the differential equation for

planetary motion.
Giving p, = = mr;
dr Further from equation (1), we have
JL OH
Pe = = mrrÀ Pe = =0

Pe = Constant
The Hamiltonian
Or mr0 = Pa = Constant
H= pA:-L=p,r+ py 9L
2; = Con_tant
or

- Pm Pe l p Po k
m² which shows that the areal velocity is con
stant.
15.Show that the velocity of a
any point of its orbit is the same as planet
at
it would
So that, have been if it had fallen that point from rest at
a distance from the sun equal to the length of
JH Pr the major axis.
m
JH
Sol. The path of the planet being an ellipse,
P, = = + Po k its velocity at any time t is given by
ms
OH
dpg
Pe
mr a’ Semi major axis of elliptic path.
) ...(1)

...(1)
dH
Po =-a=0 Equation of motion of particle falling to the
sun from a distance 2a to the distance r from the
These are Hamilton's
trom equation (1), we find thatequation of motion
Sun is

=
k 1
mr = Pr di2 m'

Pe k Integrating and multiply both sides by2.

dt
m 2 ...2)
We have,
notion under central force,
etim is conserved. angular m2a 2
194P I Physical Sciences
Equation (2). gives

m ni

..2) or fr
(2n + 3rd
and from (1) and Le..the law of force is inverse
where V is the velocity at x = r,
(2) it is obvious that powerofthis distance.
V2 = 011aplanetwere suddenly stopped in would
its orbit, supposed circular, show that it
Le., V =v
time which is times of
r =a fall into the sun in a
. 16. A particle describes the curve
Find its period.
coS n® under a force P towards the pole.
is
Sol. The period of revolution
the law of force.
Sol. M= cos n ...(1)

Substitute r =
this case.
a’ Radius of circular orbit, in
Equation (1), gives
1= a cos n V= 0. because the planet is stopped in its
orbit.
Differentiating with respect to 8 to move
du
Therefore, the planet will begin line under
d6-nsinnê towards the centre of sun in the straight
0= a
a law of inverse square law.
du
= utan n
Therefore equation of motion becomes

Again differentiating it d2 m

du du tan n + nu sec n Also from the conservation of energy

dg2
= utan n + nusec' n my² = E-V=-;2a
du
J02 t W = utan n + nu sec'
n+ u since V- -
=u(1 + tan n) +nu sec² n
= (1+n)usec² n
Equation of motion or
u
d92 4
d
dt V
or

m
Substitute I= asin
From equation (1) d = 2a sin cos
i=sec n® asin
2a sin cos de =
sec² n@ = alr yzn al2 cos
L(-)a For BC,id, vea (2,0,a) in the direction of theoutward nornat
io the spherex y he l4 at he pont system of equation
0. 10, Wrie down in atrik form he

)4 (3, 2, ),
Sol.

-
and find A,i
For C0, d -) dy and x =0
Directional derivative-VV!,
theorem for the and hence solve the given equation,
mtegrated round the Sol, The given system of equations in matrik
0, whose sides are form
=a,y =a.

where A

at (2, 0, 3)
B (a) Verification of Stoke's theorem
Directional derivative

curt FxF

a0,x dz
Normal to x+y+g- 14 =0 is VE We have
IAL= 20+)-e3)+i--3)
4-2- 4 =-2
Ais non-singular and thus A exists.
- 2xi +2yË +2Â andat(3, 2, 1) The cofactors of the clements of the first row
of lA lare
=yk Unit normal vector
6 +4) +2 respectively.
-L2.0,-2
V36+ 16+4 And of second row

2N14 respectively.
And öf third row
3
a'
=a 2 VI4
Directional derivative along tlhe nornal respectively.
Adj A Transpose of the matrix B,
108(s?. 6, si+2}+i 20-2
108 x(9 +4) -4| 3 J
Stoke's theorem verified.
V14 2-2 4
Q.9. Find the directional derivative of V 1404

where V=gyi+zy'i+x'f,at the poiat V4 -2

 104P I Physical Sciences

-I.(-)a For BC, dr = idk, y=a

2 For CO, dr =jdy and x =0

Q. 8. Verify Stoke's theorem for the

function F=r (ir+iy), integrated round the
square, in the plane, z = 0, whose sides are
along the lines x = 0, y= 0,r =a, y=a.
Sol. ’’ a
3*

Verification of Stoke's theorem

c(0;a) B (24a)
tcFdr=Is curt F). ds
curt FxF
<
<
(0, 0) (á, 0),x
A
dx dy dz
AB

=yk

For OA, y=0, dr =idx

=

For AB, dr = jdy and x=a

AB

Stoke's theorem verified.

Q.9. Find the directional derivative of V

2 where V =yi+yj+az?,at the poia!