1. According to the text, where is the origin of coffee growing and drinking believed to be?

a) Ethiopian province of Kaffa

b) Yemen and Arabia
c) Not clear

2. Which of the following statements describes the discovery of coffee according to an ancient legend?
a) Slaves brought coffee cherries from Sudan to Yemen.
b) The discovery was made by an Arab farmer who observed the behavior of goats.
c) Coffee was used by Ancient Greeks for spiritual purposes.
d) All of the above.

3. In the early days, why did coffee houses become popular in Mecca and the Arab world?
a) They served as social and business centers.
b) They offered medicinal coffee beans.
c) They were places for slaves to gather.
d) They were the only places where chess could be played.

4. Why were coffee houses in Arabia temporarily closed down?

a) PoliOcal acOvity
b) Government taxaOon
c) Wars and social change
d) Banned consumpOon

5. How did the government respond to the popularity of coffee houses in the Arab world?
a) They closed down coffee houses permanently.
b) They put a tax on coffee, making it expensive.
c) They banned the consumpOon of coffee.
d) They encouraged the spread of coffee houses.

6. How did coffee iniOally enter Europe?

a) Through traders from Venice
b) Through lemonade sellers
c) By Arab farmers
d) Through religious priests

7. What was the impact of wars, social change, and economic problems on coffee consumpOon in the 20th century?
a) Coffee consumpOon decreased significantly.
b) Coffee consumpOon remained stable.
c) Coffee consumpOon became a luxury only a few could afford.
d) Coffee consumpOon conOnued to rise rapidly worldwide.

8. According to the text, what is one interesOng use of coffee beans?

a) PrevenOng bad breath
b) Cooking with garlic
c) Overpowering the smell of coffee
d) Improving hand warmth

9. According to the text, which city became known for a new type of café culture in the 1970s?
a) Mecca b) Venice c) Sea\le d) Tokyo

10. According to the chart, which two countries combined coffee consumpOon would make them the third largest
consumer?
a) Brazil, United States.
b) Switzerland and Britain.
c) France and Brazil.
d) Britain and the United States.
[Total: 8]
Read the magazine ar.cle about four students (A–D) and their experience of studying.
Then answer ques.ons below.

A) Hoda Abdulahi

My favourite subjects at school are languages. I’m studying French, Russian and English because I’m hoping
to become an interpreter. However, I don’t have the same interest in subjects which involve pracAcal
experiments. This doesn’t mean, though, that I neglect my homework for these subjects. I always try my
best at whatever I do. That’s why I like my tutor, who’s very experienced. He shows me how to do things
properly so that I don’t pick up any bad habits, for example with my pronunciaAon. When I started learning
French the pronunciaAon was very tricky, but once I got the hang of it, everyone commented on how good
my accent was. I’ve also learnt that there are more ways of studying things. This means that I can
experiment to see what works for me, so I get the best results. For example, now I know I can memorise
new vocabulary beFer if I use pictures or put words into categories while my friend prefers to write down
definiAons. She says she finds that more useful.

B) Kim young

I’ve recently changed schools, so I haven’t fully seFled in yet. It takes some Ame to get to know a new
place, but the teachers have been very welcoming. They say I’m doing rather well and won’t need any extra
tuiAon to catch up with the others, as my parents had originally thought. I’m really happy that we’re
encouraged to work in groups. Not only does this give me a chance to meet new classmates, but we also
think of interesAng ideas together, so it’s easier to complete the tasks our teacher sets us. The only thing I
find quite demanding is the Ametable. Twice a week, we’re asked to study very long hours, which affects
my concentraAon. Then, when I get home, doing homework is a real challenge, but I noAced that if I get up
before everybody else does, I get a lot of schoolwork done then. I’ve even put together my own revision
Ametable to see what I need to do and when. It definitely works for me.

C) Kinga Zibowska

I’m in my final year of college and planning to start a law degree at university next year. GeMng ready for
this involves a lot of research and I’d be lost if I couldn’t access all the resources available online. Our school
also provides a lot of support for students. Some of my school friends go to study groups, which focus on
different subjects, like science, history, or geography. I’ve tried this way of studying a few Ames because I’m
rather behind with my maths. At first I thought it might work, but then I got frustrated with some of the
people there who just turned it into a conversaAon club. Others got distracted and we never got any work
done. That’s when I realised I was beFer off doing some self-study. So, that’s what I like to do in the school
library these days, straight aQer my classes finish in the aQernoon. While I’m there, I can also read about
other things that interest me.

D) Miguel Perez

When I was younger, I got into all sorts of trouble at school. I tended to disrupt the class a lot by making my
school friends laugh or by asking silly quesAons. My parents didn’t know what to do with me, but I guess I
was just a bit bored because I found everything rather easy. Then I started a new school and I began to get
more involved in my studies. There was so much more to do and there sAll is, so, to cope with the amount
of informaAon, I take things down, which is really invaluable for my revision. Even some of my classmates
have asked me if I could share my notes with them aQer their own approach to studying didn’t bring the
expected results. Recently, I got into science thanks to all the experiments we do. SomeAmes we go on trips
and we learn about real science in everyday life. I just wish we could do more things like this in other
subjects.
Read the ar.cle about a dinosaur called the Archaeopteryx and then answer the following ques.ons.

Is Archaeopteryx the birds’ direct ancestor?

We all learn at school that dinosaurs walked the Earth for 165 million years unAl they became exAnct –
something that scienAsts believe was the result of a huge asteroid crashing with our planet 65 million years
ago. However, it is less known that one group of dinosaurs
managed to survive, including the Archaeopteryx – a dinosaur,
which was half dinosaur, half bird.

In 1860 scienAsts found a fossilised feather which may have come

from the Archaeopteryx dinosaur. The more exciAng find was
made in the following year, in 1861, when the first bones of
Archaeopteryx were discovered. Just over a decade later, in 1874,
another Archaeopteryx’s skeleton was found – this Ame even
more complete than the first one.

All three finds were made in Germany, and it is also where the
complete skeleton of Archaeopteryx can be seen – in the Humbold Museum in Berlin. The first skeleton was
used as payment and given to a doctor, but luckily the Natural History Museum in London managed to
purchase it and it is here that it can be found to this day. The dinosaur was given the name Archaeopteryx,
which means ‘ancient’ and ‘feather’ in Greek. It is also someAmes referred to by its German name ‘Urvogel’
which stands for ‘first bird’.

All the fossils of the Archaeopteryx dinosaur were invaluable to scienAsts. They noAced that, apart from the
usual featuresexpected in these types of dinosaurs, like teeth in the jaw, claws or a long bony tail, the fossils
also showed marks that resembled feathers, which was a real thrill for the scienAfic community. Many
people refused to believe that these fossils were genuine, but scienAsts started to think that this dinosaur
might have been a link between dinosaurs and birds. However, this dinosaur had a long way to go before it
would look like the birds we know nowadays. The quesAon was, though, what Archaeopteryx needed
feathers for if it wasn’t for flying. The most obvious reason would be for body temperature control.
However, it is also possible that their feathers, which developed from scales, played a role in their
communicaAon with one another.

Archaeopteryx wasn’t a large dinosaur compared to other, much larger ones, which were as heavy as 14
African elephants put together. With its 1 kilogram of weight and body length of 50 cenAmetres, the
Archaeopteryx wasn’t much bigger than a pigeon. And just like these birds, Archaeopteryx probably
exploited its plumage to aFract females. It’s also possible that the feathers played an important role in
providing shade for the eggs and young.

ScienAsts don’t know a lot about the Archaeopteryx’s diet, but they believe it mainly consisted of small
repAles. It is also believed to have occasionally subsAtuted these for small mammals or even insects.
Despite having feathers, Archaeopteryx did not fly in the sky, but some scienAsts think that the dinosaur
aFempted very short flights near the ground, for example, to hunt more effecAvely. Another reason would
be to escape from danger and that is when their feathers must have been useful to help them blend into
their surroundings.

It took a long Ame before dinosaurs could fly properly and had the same features as birds, like a beak
without teeth. The change that helped them to become lighter, so that they could take off more easily, was
a shorter tail. Once all the necessary changes had taken place, it was only a maFer of Ame before dinosaurs
took to the sky.