THE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

THE VOICE,GOODWILL,TASS,UNAMBWE,PAMOJA NGABOBO,STEPS,
HARADALI WINNERS,MAKUMIRA, IKIZU AND St MARY’S DULUTI JOINT
EXAMINATION
TOGETHER WE CAN EXAMINATION SYNDICATE

FORM FOUR PRE-NATIONAL EXAMINATION

033 BIOLOGY
Time: 3 Hours August 2023

Instructions
1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of fifteen (11) questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A, B, and two (2) questions from section C.
4. All writing should be in blue ink, except for diagrams, which must be drawn in pencil.
5. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
7. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer sheets.

SECTION A (16 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section
1. Choose the most correct answer among the given alternatives and write down the answer in the
space given.
(i) The force responsible for upward conduction of water against gravity by the plant comes
from;
A. Respiration B. Translocation C. Transpiration
D. Photosynthesis E. Transportation

(ii) Which of the following organ cell occur both in bacteria and plant cell?
A. Chloroplast
B. Nuclear membrane
C. Cell wall
D. 70s ribosome
E. Cilia

(iii) A doctor injects insulin into a diabetic patient. The insulin brings about the required effects…
A. In the bloodstream and the kidney
B. In the skin and the ovaries
C. In the bloodstream and the ovaries
D. In the skin and the liver
E. In the bloodstream and body cells

(iv) The process of fertilization is defined as:-

A. Formation of new cell
B. Union of an egg and sperm
C. Implantation of a zygote
D. Fusion of eggs in the uterus
E. Cell division in the oviduct
(v) Rise of the body temperature of a human body is corrected mainly by:- A. Dilating the skin
arteries and sweating
B. Constricting the skin arteries and shivering

Page 1 of 4

C. Dilating the skin vein and sweating

D. Constricting the skin and sweating
E. Dilating of the arteries and shivering

(vi) The end product of anaerobic respiration in animals are;

A. Carbon dioxide, ethanol and energy
B. Carbon dioxide, water and energy
C. Lactic acid, energy and water
D. Carbon dioxide and water
E. Ethanol and energy

(vii) In animal tongue rolling is an example of…

A. Lubricating food
B. Swallowing
C. Continuous variation
D. Discontinuous variation
E. Mechanical digestion

(viii) Assume you blood group is AB positive. Which of the following can be correct about you?
A. You can receive blood from a person with any other blood group.
B. You can donate blood only to people with blood group O positive.
C. You can donate blood to all people who are rhesus positive.
D. You can donate blood to all people who are rhesus negative
E. You can receive blood from people with blood group AB negative only.

(ix) If you stepped on a thorn barefooted, you would feel sharp stinging pain. Which of the
following would be responsible for the detection of the stimulus?
A. Afferent neurone
B. Efferent neourone
C. Intermediate neurone
D. Relay neurone
E. Effector organ

(x) A strong tissue that holds bones to bones at joint is;

A. Cartilage
B. Ligament
C. Connective tissue
D. Tendon
E. Synovial membrane
Page 2 of 4
2. Match items in list A with the correct phrase in list B.
LIST A LIST B
(i) Uncomfortable feeling caused by too A. Constipation
much gas in the alimentary canal B. Haemophilia
(ii) Burning sensation which occurs in the C. Bloating
upper part of the digestive tract D. Heartburn
(Oesophagus). E. Dysentery
(iii) Discomfort or pain in the stomach F. Obesity
caused by eating too much food G. Gastric ulcer
(iv) A condition whereby one is unable or H. Indigestion
has difficulties in removing the I. Covid 19
undigested food material J. Appendicitis
(v) A condition characterized by excessive
fat accumulation and a body mass
index (BMI) of over 30, which presents
a risk to health.
(vi) A wound in the stomach or the small
intestine which is caused by too much
acid in the digestive tract

SECTION B (54 Marks)

Answer all questions in this section.
3. In Dar-es salaam Tanzania, it is common to see people throwing away used drink-bottles
and other wastes into water drainage gutters (rain water channels) alongside roads. In six
points, explain the negative effects of this particular common practice.

4. Study figure 1 below and answer the questions that follows:

(a). Construct five (5) food chains from figure 1

(b). which group of organisms should be added in this food web so as to balance the ecosystem
and state their roles in the Ecosystem.

Page 3 of 4
5. Plants do not need an elaborate excretory system like that of animals. Briefly explain by giving
four (4) reasons

6. (a) Distinguish between translocation and transpiration.

(b)The Mammalian heart is enclosed by a double layer of membrane called pericardium.
Explain the following:-
(i) What makes this membrane prevent the heart from over-expanding when it is beating very
fast?
(ii) Why the inner part of the heart is lined with blood vessels? Explain by giving three points.

7. (a) With example distinguish between

(i). Continuous and discontinuous variation
(ii). Homologous structure and vestigial structure
(b) In a legal court two families, one of Palm and the other of John, are each claiming to be the
biological parents of a boy called Sele, whose blood group was determined to be AB. Palm
was established to have blood group A and his wife blood group O. John had group A and
ha wife blood B. Determine which family is likely to be the biological parents of Sele.
Show your working Cleary.

8. Brain performs different functions; outline the functions of the following parts of the brain:
cerebellum, cerebrum, the hypothalamus and the mid-brain.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two questions from this section
9. Rape is one of the biggest social problems in the society. Assuming you are a social welfare
staff, address the public about this social problem under the following guidelines:
- Possible causes of rape
- Effects of rape
- Ways of preventing/minimizing rape

10. Write an essay on anaerobic respiration based on the following:- - Anaerobic respiration
in animals and plants.
- Commercial or industrial uses of the anaerobic respiration

11. Because of their economic importance, insects are extensively studied by entomologists’ as
important members of the phylum Arthropoda. Explain at least four advantages and three
disadvantages of this particular class of arthropods.

Page 4 of 4
 THE PRESIDENT’S OFFICE
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
THE VOICE,GOODWILL,TASS,UNAMBWE,PAMOJA NGABOBO,STEPS,
HARADALI WINNERS,MAKUMIRA, IKIZU AND St MARY’S DULUTI JOINT
EXAMINATION
TOGETHER WE CAN EXAMINATION SYNDICATE

FORM FOUR PRE-NATIONAL EXAMINATION

033/BIOLOGY 1
MARKING SCHEME AUGUST 2023

SECTION A (16 Marks)

1.
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
C D E B A C D A A B
01@ = 10 marks
2.
LIST A (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
LIST B C D H A F G

01@ = 06 marks
SECTION B (60 Marks)
3.
- Flooding due to the clogging up of the drainage system 01½ marks
- The stagnant water may lead to breeding places of harmful organisms such as bacteria and
mosquitoes. 01½ marks

- May lead to eruption of diseases. For example, feces nearby streams and sources water used
for drinking may lead to eruption of diseases like cholera 01½ marks

- Death of aquatic organisms if poisonous or suffocating trash thrown in the gutters make it to
the sea and rivers. 01½ marks

- Bad smell from the dirty stagnant water 01½ marks

- Bad looking/ugly/unattractive surroundings due to the dirty stagnant water 01½ marks

4. (a)
(i) Shrubs Worm Frog Snake Eagle

(ii) Shrubs Locust Frog Snake Eagle

(iii) Shrubs Locust Lizard Snake Eagle

(iv) Shrubs Termites Lizard Snake Eagle

(v) Shrubs Termites Lizard Frogs Eagle

Any five points @1= 5 marks
1
 (b) Decomposers (Fungi and Bacteria). Role: to facilitate recycling of materials
01 mark
5.
- Plants synthesize (manufacture) most their materials with respect to the plants’ needs, therefore
less excess material to be considered as wastes.
- Plants re-use most of the waste products; for example, oxygen and carbon dioxide are both used
for respiration and photosynthesis respectively.
- Plants can get rid of excess water by a process like transpiration and guttation.
- Waste products may be stored in leaves, bark and fruits. When these dead leaves, bark and ripe
fruits fall off from the tree then waste products in them are get rid of. 02¼@ = 09 marks - The
plants get rid of wastes by secreting them in the form of gums and resins.

6. (a)Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the leaves in the form of water vapour whereas
translocation is the transportation of synthesized products (sugars) in a plant.
(b) 02 marks
i. comprises dense connective tissue that protects the heart, anchors it to the
surrounding walls, and prevents it from overfilling 03 marks
ii. The myocardium of the heart wall is a working muscle that needs a continuous supply
of oxygen and nutrients to function efficiently. For this reason, cardiac muscle has an
extensive network of blood vessels (1) to bring oxygen to the contracting cells, (2) to
bring nutrient and (03) to remove waste products. (06 marks)

7. Solution:
(a) (i)Continuous variation shows intermediate form between any two extremes, i.e. there is
no clear cut distinction between two extremes. Examples of continuous variation are height
and weight. While discontinuous variation shows a clear cut distinction from one form to
another form.
Examples of discontinuous variation are ability to roll the tongue, albinism, and blood
group. (02 marks)
(ii). Homologous structures share an ancestor but serve a different function while Vestigial
structures are traits that our ancestors needed but no longer serve a purpose in our environment.
(02 marks) (b)
Let three alleles that control the ABO blood group: IA, IB. wher allele IA is responsible for
the formation of Antigen A for blood group A, allele IB is responsible for the formation of
Antigen B for blood group B, and the allele i is responsible for no Antigen formation and
IA, and IB are dominant while and i is recessive.
For palm and his wife, Genotypes:
Palm: IA i , wife ii ,

Probability of getting a child with blood group AB (genotype IAIB)

Palm X Wife

Palm
IA i
Wife i IAi ii
(01 marks) i IA i ii
2
 Phenotypes: 2 blood group A, 2 blood group O
(01 mark)
Phenotypic ratio: A: O
Probability of getting a child with blood group AB is zero (Palm and his wife cannot beget
a child with blood group AB)(. 00½ mark)

For John and his wife, Genotypes:

John: IA i , wife IB i,

Probability of getting a child with blood group AB (genotype IAIB)

John X Wife
John
IA i
B A B
Wife (01 mark) I I I IB i
i IA i ii

Phenotypes: 1 blood group AB, 1 blood group A, 1 blood group B, 1 blood group O
Phenotypic ratio: AB:A:B:O (01 mark)
Probability of getting a child with blood group AB = ¼ = 0.25 or 25%
Therefore John’s family is likely the biological parents of Sele (00½ mark)

8.
- The cerebellum: It is the unconscious motor co-ordination centre. It controls learned
movement like walking, posture, speech and balance.
- The cerebrum: It controls learning, thought, intelligence, reason, imagination, memory,
will power, vision, speech, taste.
- The hypothalamus: regulating physiological conditions of the body like, body
temperatures, chemical composition of the body, osmoregulation, metabolic functions and
some involuntary activities like appetite, sleep, water excretion. It controls the release of
hormones by the pituitary gland.
- Mid brain (Mesencephalon): it to controls movements of the eyes and auditory and visual
processing. It links the fore and the hind brains. 02¼@ = 09 marks

SECTION C (30 Marks)

.
9. Introduction: Rape is an illicit sexual intercourse against ones consent… (1½ marks) Causes
of rape:
- Drug abuse
- Wrong beliefs (some people are instructed by witchdoctors to rape old women or children, or
close relatives in order to become wealthy)… (Any three, 1½ @ =4½ marks)
- Mental /psychological disorders (such as pedophilia and sadistic rapist, the sadistic rapist draws
pleasure or attain sexual gratification by inflicting pain and suffering to the person their
forcefully having sex with )/ abnormal sexual behaviors/sexual deviation. - Anger/vengeance
(the rapist rape the victim as a punishment/getting even with…) Effects of rape
- Extremely difficult and painful emotions/trauma - Physical injury
- Sexual transmitted diseases (Any three, 1½ @ =4½ marks) - Unwanted pregnancies
Controlling/preventing rape:
3
 - Avoid drug abuse (Any three, 01@ =03 marks)
- Fight against wrong beliefs
- Severely punishing rapists
Conclusion: The whole society is responsible in preventing rape by..(or any other relevant
conclusion)
(1½ marks) Total: 15 marks

10. Anaerobic Respiration Introduction: Anaerobic respiration is the respiration that takes place

in the absence of oxygen.

The end products of anaerobic … 01 mark)

The form of anaerobic respiration in animals: (01½ marks)

In animals the anaerobic respiration results in the formation of lactic acid…
Anaerobic respiration in plants:
In plants and yeasts the anaerobic respiration leads to the production of alcohol… alcoholic
fermentation. (01½ marks)
The economic importance of the anaerobic respiration:
- Anaerobic fermentation has been applied to many important industrial fermentations, such as
ethanol production by yeast/industrial use of beer production/wine making
- In the production of biogas, (Any four, 02@ =10 marks)
- In the industrial production of buttermilk, yogurt, and cheese
- In lactic acid preservation of foods,
- Anaerobic digestion of organic matters in ruminant cultivation and waste treatment.
- Anaerobic respiration is useful in generating electricity in microbial fuel cells
Conclusion: Any relevant 01 mark)
Total: 15 marks
11. Economic importance of insects
Introduction: Insects belong to the……(01 ½ marks)
Advantages
- Insects that feed on pollen and nectar are of economic importance as they pollinate plants.
- Soil dwelling insects feed on dead plants material and are useful as they speed up the process
of decay.
- Some insects produces useful substances and foods such as silk (moth) and honey (honey bees)
(Any four, 01½ @ =06 marks)
- Some insects are used directly as foods and some for feeding livestock
- Some are used in experimental learnings and researches Disadvantages
- Some insects carry diseases. Example, mosquitoes transmit malaria, yellow fever and certain
forms of filariasis while tsetse fly transmits sleeping sickness and houseflies spread cholera..
(Any three, 02 @ =06 marks)
- Some destroy farm crops by feeding on plant tissues and stored crops.
- Some destroy timbers and useful structures made of timber,
Conclusion: Any relevant (01½ marks)