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Well Logging - Introduction

Well logging lecture

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Ahmed Rafeh Gondal
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5 views14 pages

Well Logging - Introduction

Well logging lecture

Uploaded by

Ahmed Rafeh Gondal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical definition of a log

• Log is an indirect measurement of formation


properties exposed by the well‐bore acquired
by lowering a device or a combination of
devices in the well bore.
• Oldest and most used methods that depends
on the geophysical properties of rocks.
• Good when surface outcrops are not available.
• Seismic can be used to determine the
subsurface structure but a direct sample of
the rock is needed to be sure of the lithology.
• The most practical way is to drill a well and
record all the useful information possible from
a core.
• Continuous core recovery is far too expensive
and is not done except when great detail is
needed.
Objectives

• To give an insight in the basic well logging


methods used to derive petrophysical
properties for hydrocarbon exploration
• Well logs provide continuous, in situ
measurements of parameters related to
porosity, lithology, presence of
hydrocarbons, and other related rock
properties of interest
Well Logging History
• The first electrical log was introduced in 1927 in France.
• The first commercial electrical resistivity tool in 1929 was
used in Venezuela, USA and Indonesia.
• SP was run along with resistivity first time in 1931
• Schlumberger developed the first continuous recording in
1931
• GR and Neutron logs was started in 1941
• Microresistivity array dipmeter and lateralog were first
time introduced in 1950’s
• The first induction tool was used in 1956 followed by
Formation tester in 1957, Fomation Density in 1960’s,
Electromagnetic tool in 1978 and most of Imaging logs
were developed in 1980’s
Purpose of Well Logging

• Are there any hydrocarbons? Oil? Gas?


• Where are the hydrocarbons?
• How much of the hydrocarbons is
contained in the formation?
• How producible are the hydrocarbons?
Uses of Well Logging
• Detect presence of hydrocarbons - Gas, oil or water
– Estimation of total reserves
– Estimation of productive zones
• Zone correlation
• Isopach mapping
• Defining physical rock properties:
– Lithology
– Porosity
– Pore geometry
– Permeability
• Determination of depth and thickness of zones
Uses of Well Logging
• Correlation with seismic data
• Structural and sedimentological studies
• Formation boundaries and stratigraphic
correlation
• Quantitative fluid saturation
• Reservoir modelling
• Reservoir monitoring
1. Rock type

• The basic concentration during the


interpretation of well logs is the rock type
or Lithology. It could be either,
• Sandstone
• Limestone
• Shale (unconventional)
2. Fluids

a. What are the fluid type


– Water
– Oil
– Gas
b. Saturation
– Water saturated, oil saturated, gas saturated
c. Pressure
– Fluid pressure
ROCK PROPERTIES
– Porosity
– Permeability
– Lithology / Mineralogy
– Density
– Velocity
– Pore Fluids (Water, Gas, Oil) / Pore Fluid Ratio
– Thickness and Depth of the Formation
– Fracture
– Temperature
How to measure these properties?
• Few of these parameters can be directly
measured!
• Derived or inferred from measurements of
other physical parameters, such as:
– Resistivity
– Bulk density
– Interval transit time
– Spontaneous potential
– Natural radioactivity
Types of Logs

Lithological logs Porosity logs Fluid indicator logs

Gamma ray Sonic Resistivity

SP Neutron Induction

Litho-density Density

Neutron-density
Wireline Logging Logging while Drilling

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