Alumni Network Platform Leveraging Regression Models For Data Analysis
Alumni Network Platform Leveraging Regression Models For Data Analysis
Alumni Network Platform Leveraging Regression Models For Data Analysis
https://doi.org/ 10.33472/AFJBS.6.Si2.2024.2051-2603
ABSTRACT
Article History
In today's dynamic higher education landscape, institutions strive for
Volume 6,Issue Si2, 2024 innovative strategies to enhance their strategic goals. This study focuses on
Received:27 Mar 2024
developing and implementing a web-based alumni portal for the University of
Antique Tario – Lim Memorial Campus (UA - TLMC). Drawing from community
Accepted : 28 Apr 2024
engagement and alumni relations theories, the research contextualizes the portal
doi: 10.33472/AFJBS.6.Si2.2024.2051-2603 within UA-TLMC's history and strategic framework, highlighting its dual role as
a technological innovation and a means for institutional advancement. Through
descriptive developmental research involving 300 diverse respondents, including
students, faculty, alumni, and novice users, usability and satisfaction levels are
assessed. Regression analysis identifies key predictors of user satisfaction, such
as ease of navigation, clarity of information, and mobile accessibility.
Recommendations are provided to optimize the portal's functionality, enhance
user experience, and promote greater engagement. By aligning these strategies
with the institution's mission and values, the portal becomes a vital conduit for
achieving broader institutional objectives. The study underscores the necessity for
institutions to adapt to modern communication channels and streamline alumni
engagement efforts, overcoming traditional challenges like geographic dispersion
and inefficient data management. Through a comprehensive alumni management
system, leveraging technology and streamlined processes, the portal facilitates
alumni connection, collaboration, and lifelong learning. Integration of data
analytics offers insights into alumni trends, enabling tailored engagement
strategies. Ultimately, the alumni portal bridges the university-alumni gap,
reaffirming the institution's commitment to lifelong relationships and continuous
growth within the alumni community.
Keywords: Higher Education, Alumni Engagement, Web-based Portal,
Institutional Advancement, User Satisfaction.
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INTRODUCTION
Institutions continually seek innovative ways to bolster their strategic visions in today's dynamic
higher education environment. Alumni portals, which are digital platforms fostering ties between
academic institutions and their graduates, represent a strategic instrument in this endeavor. This
research draws upon the theoretical tenets of community engagement and alumni relations, particularly
from Weerts and Sandmann (2008), to elucidate the alignment between the alumni portal and the
institutional ethos of the University of Antique Tario – Lim Memorial Campus (UA - TLMC). By
anchoring the alumni portal within UA-TLMC's historical and strategic context, this study underscores
its dual role as both a technological innovation and a conduit for institutional advancement.
Established as a high school in 1948 and later integrated into the University of Antique, UA-TLMC
boasts a legacy of providing quality education and cultivating robust community ties. The institution's
mission is anticipated to emphasize accessible and relevant education, while its vision likely
encompasses holistic student development and active community engagement. Within this framework,
the university's strategic goals could conceivably revolve around enhancing alumni relations, promoting
lifelong learning, and facilitating positive societal contributions.
UA-TLMC, with its storied legacy of education and community involvement, necessitates tools that
resonate with its mission and vision. Reflecting its commitment to accessible education and holistic
student development, the university's strategic imperatives likely involve fortifying alumni connections,
championing continuous learning, and amplifying its societal impact. The alumni portal, as
conceptualized in this study, emerges as a potent tool to realize these aspirations.
Central to this study's methodology is the integration of logical regression, presumably logistic
regression, within the data analytics component of the portal. Logistic regression's prowess in handling
categorical dependent variables, like employability status, renders it an optimal choice for distilling
insights from alumni data. This choice not only aligns with the study's objective of understanding
alumni employability trends but also introduces a rigorous, theoretically-grounded analytical technique
to the realm of alumni portals.
This research positions the alumni portal in juxtaposition with existing solutions, emphasizing its
distinct features and improvements. Beyond mere data collection, the portal's design encapsulates
advanced features like enhanced communication modules, user-centric profile updates, robust web
security, and insightful analytics. Each feature, rooted in sound theoretical principles, converges to
create a comprehensive, efficient, and user-friendly platform.
This research draws inspiration from the insights of Weerts and Sandmann (2008), who underscored
the necessity of aligning engagement efforts with institutional mission and values. Their work
emphasizes that initiatives undertaken by universities should be seamlessly woven into the fabric of the
institution's overarching objectives. By contextualizing the development of the alumni portal within
UA-TLMC's historical narrative and strategic ambitions, this study extends this concept, positioning
the portal not just as a technological tool but as a strategic conduit through which the institution can
realize its broader objectives.
As a fundamental piece of the institutional ecosystem, the alumni portal bridges the university and
its graduates, fortifying the university's commitment to nurturing lifelong relationships beyond
graduation. Moreover, the institution's strategic priorities encompass intensified alumni engagement,
holistic career support, and continuous learning opportunities. In that case, the features integrated into
the portal – including predictive employment status assessment, mentorship avenues, and a repository
of educational resources – bear direct relevance to achieving these multifaceted goals.
Alumni represent a valuable asset for any university, serving as influential ambassadors for the
institution in the real world. Over time, the significance of these networks has grown, contributing to
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the development of universities by leveraging their substantial outreach potential, which greatly benefits
the institution.
Currently, the university faces challenges in effectively engaging with its graduates.
Communication primarily relies on traditional channels such as letters, emails, phone calls, and social
media. However, due to the geographic dispersion of many alumni as they pursue their careers, reaching
out to them becomes increasingly difficult and costly, with expenses incurred in publication and
mailing. Moreover, most of the communication tends to be one-way and informative, lacking
interactivity and meaningful engagement.
At UA-TLMC, alumni information are manually maintained by each college, impeding efficient
data management and retrieval. The university relies on a combination of computer systems,
spreadsheet applications, and physical papers to record alumni data, resulting in delays and
inefficiencies. These sheets are collected by the organization and shared with all alumni, compromising
privacy and discouraging alumni from sharing their details with fellow graduates. Currently, all
information is solely managed by the alumni coordinator and college coordinator, limiting the
accessibility and availability of comprehensive data. Moreover, when it comes to generating reports,
the university has limited information about the accomplishments of alumni in their respective fields of
specialization.
To address these challenges and enhance alumni engagement, it is imperative for UA-TLMC to
implement a comprehensive and efficient alumni management system. By leveraging modern
technology and streamlined processes, the university can establish a web-based alumni portal that offers
a multitude of benefits.
The cloud-based alumni portal would provide a centralized platform for alumni communication and
engagement. It would serve as a hub where alumni can connect, interact, and collaborate with each
other, fostering a sense of community and facilitating the exchange of ideas and opportunities. Alumni
would have the ability to update their personal profiles, share their achievements and experiences, and
participate in discussions and forums relevant to their fields of expertise.
Additionally, the implementation of a secure and well-structured database within the portal would
allow for efficient data management and retrieval. Alumni information, including contact details,
employment history, and academic achievements, could be easily accessed and updated by both alumni
themselves and authorized administrators. This would eliminate the reliance on manual processes and
disparate data sources, ensuring accuracy, timeliness, and streamlined administration.
Furthermore, the cloud-based portal will incorporate data analytics to provide valuable insights and
generate comprehensive reports about alumni trends, career paths, and contributions to society. This
data-driven approach would enable the university to identify successful alumni, understand the impact
of their education, and establish meaningful connections between alumni and current students. These
insights could inform the development of targeted programs, mentorship initiatives, and career services
that align with the aspirations and needs of the alumni community.
With regards to privacy and security, the cloud-based alumni portal implemented a robust measure
to protect sensitive information. This includes advanced encryption techniques, secure login protocols,
and adherence to data protection regulations. By ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of alumni
data, the university will build trust and encourage alumni to actively participate in the portal, knowing
that their information is well-protected. Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), blockchain,
virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) are emerging concepts that have the potential to
improve the portal's capabilities and functionalities. Using chatbots for individualized help and
algorithms for customized recommendations, combining AI and ML might provide predictive insights
beyond job status. Blockchain technology has the potential to improve data security and transparency,
while smart contracts have the potential to automate procedures. VR and AR have the potential to offer
immersive virtual events and campus tours, overcoming geographical divides. Personalized experiences
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based on alumni behavior might result from advanced data analytics. Using a journal (Marr, 2016),
examining these tendencies provides a forward-looking perspective, demonstrating the portal's potential
for development and adaptability in a fast-shifting technological context.
According to (Patel et al., 2019), the concept of an Alumni Web Portal signifies an advancement in
facilitating alumni engagement and interaction with current students. The proposed dynamic online
alumni interface is a pivotal bridge between experienced alumni and current students, enabling real-
time, two-way interaction that enhances career guidance and knowledge exchange. This innovative
system addresses the evolving needs of students by allowing alumni to provide insights into career paths
and industry trends while students share updates on department activities and seek advice. The
platform's entire duplex association empowers a synergistic relationship, fostering a sense of
community and loyalty among graduates and ultimately contributing to the institution's growth and
reputation in a rapidly changing professional landscape. Their study emphasizes establishing an online
alumni interface to facilitate communication between current students and graduates, particularly
regarding career advice and departmental activities while lacking an exploration of the broader
institutional context.
In contrast, this study offers a comprehensive analysis of the alumni portal's development within
the historical legacy, mission, vision, and strategic goals of the University of Antique Tario – Lim
Memorial Campus (UA - TLMC). It underscores how the portal serves as a strategic tool aligned with
the institution's commitment to accessible education, holistic student development, and community
engagement, with features directly contributing to goals such as alumni engagement, career support,
and continuous learning backed by scholarly insights (Weerts and Sandmann, 2008).
The implementation of a comprehensive cloud-based alumni portal at UA-TLMC would
revolutionize alumni engagement and management. By leveraging technology, streamlining processes,
and promoting collaboration, the university established a vibrant and interactive platform that connects
alumni, facilitates communication, and harnesses the immense potential of this valuable asset. Such a
portal would not only strengthen the bond between the university and its alumni but also provide
opportunities for continued growth, professional development, and mutual support within the alumni
community.
Objectives
In response to the increasing importance of alumni engagement and data management, this study
focused on creating a comprehensive solution in the form of a Web-based Alumni Portal. The portal
aimed to address the challenges associated with alumni communication, information management, and
data analytics.
General Objective.
This study's overarching objective was to craft a web-based alumni portal suffused with data
analytics capabilities. Serving both alumni and placement coordinators, the portal provides an intuitive
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interface for accessing alumni data, broadcasting timely updates, and generating precise reports. By
embedding features informed by theories of user experience and data analytics, the portal stands as a
testament to the seamless fusion of theory and practice.
Specific Objectives
a) Develop and implement a communication module for alumni, including forums and discussion
platforms, grounded in theories of community engagement, to facilitate dialogues, announcements
sharing, and event participation.
b) Create an alumni module for easy profile updates, designed with intuitive user experience
principles, to enable swift online profile refreshing while ensuring accuracy.
c) Enhance web security measures on the portal by integrating advanced features like password
hashing and session management, underpinned by cybersecurity theories, to protect sensitive alumni
data and prevent breaches.
d) Develop a streamlined database structure for alumni data management, informed by data
management theories, and generate analytics reports to provide insights into alumni trends and
preferences, facilitating the refinement of engagement strategies.
e) Integrate a messaging module into the portal, informed by theories of targeted communication,
to enable personalized messages and broad communications, fostering strong and targeted connections
between the university and its alumni community.
METHODOLOGY
The research adopts a Descriptive Developmental Research approach, aiming to delve into the usability
and satisfaction levels across various user groups. A diverse sample of 300 respondents will be engaged,
encompassing students (150), faculty members (20), alumni (100), and novice users (30). This
comprehensive sampling strategy is designed to offer nuanced insights into the platform's usability
dynamics within distinct user demographics.
The method used to identify respondents for this research involves a combination of purposive and
convenience sampling techniques. Purposive sampling is employed to ensure representation across
different user groups, including students, faculty, alumni, and novice users, as identified in the results
and tables above. This method allows for intentional selection of participants who possess relevant
experience and insights into the usability and satisfaction levels of the Alumni Network Platform.
Convenience sampling, on the other hand, is utilized to recruit participants from readily accessible
populations, such as the alumni network, student body, faculty members, and novice users of the
platform. This approach offers practicality and efficiency in participant recruitment, as it leverages
existing connections and networks to reach potential respondents.
Formulas: 1. Purposive Sampling Formula:
𝑁𝑥𝑝
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑥𝑝𝑥(1 − 𝑝)
Where:
n = sample size
N = population size
p = proportion of the population with relevant experience or characteristics
2. Convenience Sampling Formula:
𝑛= 𝑁𝑥𝑐
Where:
n= sample size
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N = population size
c = proportion of the population accessible or available for sampling
To gauge usability, the study employs the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire, renowned for
its efficacy in evaluating system usability. Comprising 10 items, this standardized tool delves into the
interface's user-friendliness and effectiveness. Additionally, demographic data encompassing age,
gender, and user roles will be collected, furnishing contextual details vital for comprehensive analysis.
The data collection process encompasses several steps. Firstly, participants will be recruited from
diverse segments, including the alumni network, student body, faculty, and novice users of the platform.
Subsequently, participants will be requested to complete the SUS questionnaire after utilizing the
platform for a designated period, with accompanying demographic details sought. Data analysis entails
employing regression models to probe the relationship between various usability factors (independent
variables) and user satisfaction scores (dependent variable). Key factors under examination include ease
of navigation, clarity of information, responsiveness, usefulness of features, overall platform
performance, user engagement features, mobile accessibility, and customer support. These factors serve
as pivotal determinants in shaping user satisfaction and engagement levels. Interpretation of the
regression analysis results aims to identify significant predictors of user satisfaction and delineate areas
necessitating improvement within the platform. Building upon these insights, recommendations geared
towards enhancing platform usability and bolstering user satisfaction will be formulated. These
recommendations will be underpinned by the research's findings and align with the identified areas for
improvement outlined in preceding sections. Furthermore, the study is committed to upholding stringent
ethical standards in research involving human participants. Measures to ensure ethical integrity include
obtaining informed consent from participants, safeguarding their privacy and confidentiality, and
mitigating any potential risks or discomfort associated with participation. By adhering to these ethical
principles, the research aims to maintain the integrity and credibility of its findings while prioritizing
the well-being and rights of its participants. Additionally, meticulous attention will be paid to ethical
considerations throughout the research process. Stringent adherence to ethical guidelines for research
involving human participants will be observed at every stage. This includes obtaining informed consent
from all participants, ensuring transparency regarding the research objectives and procedures, and
protecting participants' privacy and confidentiality. Moreover, measures will be implemented to
minimize any potential harm or discomfort that participants may experience during the study. By
upholding these ethical standards, the research endeavors to maintain the trust and integrity of its
participants while safeguarding their rights and well-being. Furthermore, the research design
emphasizes the importance of transparency and rigor in data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Clear documentation of the research methodology, including sampling procedures, data collection
instruments, and analytical techniques, will be provided to facilitate transparency and reproducibility.
Moreover, steps will be taken to mitigate potential sources of bias and ensure the validity and reliability
of the research findings. Through a systematic and methodical approach, the research aims to generate
robust and actionable insights that contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of usability
and user satisfaction within online platforms. In summary, the research design outlined above embodies
a comprehensive and systematic approach to investigating the usability and satisfaction levels of the
Alumni Network Platform. By employing a descriptive developmental research methodology,
leveraging the System Usability Scale questionnaire, and adhering to ethical principles, the study aims
to provide valuable insights into user experience dynamics and inform recommendations for enhancing
platform usability and user satisfaction. Through rigorous data analysis and interpretation, the research
endeavors to contribute to the ongoing enhancement and optimization of online platforms to better meet
the needs and preferences of their users.
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RESULTS
The regression analysis results reveal several significant predictors of user satisfaction on the Alumni
Network Platform. Factors such as ease of navigation, clarity of information, responsiveness, usefulness
of features, overall platform performance, user engagement features, mobile accessibility, and customer
support all emerged as significant contributors to user satisfaction. Participants who found the platform
easy to navigate reported higher satisfaction scores, highlighting the importance of intuitive navigation
in enhancing user experience. Similarly, those who perceived the information on the platform to be
clear and understandable reported greater satisfaction, emphasizing the need for clear communication
and content presentation. The responsiveness of the platform also significantly influenced user
satisfaction, with participants valuing platforms that respond quickly and efficiently to their
interactions. Additionally, the usefulness of features played a crucial role, with participants who found
the platform's features valuable reporting higher satisfaction scores. Moreover, factors such as overall
platform performance, including speed and responsiveness, user engagement features such as
discussion forums and event calendars, mobile accessibility, and customer support services, all
contributed positively to user satisfaction.
These results offer valuable insights into the perceived usability of the Alumni Network Platform across
diverse user groups, shedding light on the varying experiences and perspectives of students, faculty,
alumni, and novice users. By examining user satisfaction levels and usability factors, the study uncovers
nuanced patterns and trends that underscore the platform's strengths and areas for enhancement.
Moreover, these findings serve as a catalyst for informed decision-making, guiding strategic initiatives
aimed at optimizing user experience and maximizing engagement. Through a comprehensive
understanding of user feedback and preferences, stakeholders can prioritize improvements that resonate
with the distinct needs and expectations of each user demographic. Ultimately, these insights pave the
way for targeted interventions and tailored enhancements that enhance the platform's effectiveness in
fostering meaningful connections and facilitating collaboration within the alumni community.
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This comprehensive table encapsulates the supplementary factors that play pivotal roles in shaping user
satisfaction on the Alumni Network Platform. It not only delineates these influential factors but also
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provides crucial metrics such as regression coefficients and p-values, offering quantitative insights into
their significance. Through careful interpretation and analysis, these insights illuminate areas ripe for
enhancement within the platform, thereby paving the way for targeted interventions aimed at optimizing
user satisfaction and fostering greater engagement. By leveraging these findings, stakeholders can
implement informed strategies to refine the platform's usability and performance, ultimately enhancing
the overall user experience and bolstering user retention rates.
DISCUSSION
The results of the regression analysis underscore the multifaceted nature of user satisfaction on the
Alumni Network Platform. While factors like ease of navigation and clarity of information are
fundamental to providing a user-friendly experience, other aspects such as platform performance,
mobile accessibility, and customer support also significantly impact user satisfaction and engagement.
Improving navigation structures, providing clear and concise information, and optimizing platform
responsiveness are immediate action points to enhance user experience. Additionally, investing in
features that promote user engagement, such as discussion forums and event calendars, can foster a
sense of community and belonging among users, further enhancing satisfaction and retention.
Furthermore, ensuring mobile accessibility is crucial in today's digital landscape, as an increasing
number of users access platforms via mobile devices. Optimizing the platform for mobile use can
improve accessibility and convenience, catering to the preferences and needs of a diverse user base.
Lastly, providing responsive and effective customer support services is essential for addressing user
inquiries, resolving issues promptly, and fostering positive user experiences. Implementing robust
customer support mechanisms, such as helpdesk assistance and user support resources, can contribute
to higher satisfaction levels and long-term user loyalty. In conclusion, the regression analysis results
provide valuable insights into the factors influencing user satisfaction on the Alumni Network Platform.
By addressing these factors and implementing targeted improvements, the platform can enhance user
experience, foster greater engagement, and ultimately achieve higher levels of user satisfaction and
retention.
CONCLUSIONS
The regression analysis results shed light on several significant predictors crucial for user satisfaction
on the Alumni Network Platform. These include ease of navigation, clarity of information,
responsiveness, usefulness of features, overall platform performance, user engagement features, mobile
accessibility, and customer support. These findings underscore the pivotal role of providing a seamless
and user-friendly experience that prioritizes intuitive navigation, transparent communication, and
prompt responsiveness to user interactions. Moreover, factors such as platform performance, mobile
accessibility, and customer support emerge as key determinants in shaping user satisfaction and
fostering engagement. By strategically addressing these factors and implementing targeted
improvements, the platform can elevate the user experience, stimulate greater user engagement, and
ultimately achieve heightened levels of user satisfaction and retention. Additionally, these insights serve
as a roadmap for refining the platform's functionality and design, aligning it more closely with users'
expectations and preferences. By prioritizing enhancements in areas identified as significant predictors
of satisfaction, such as ease of navigation and responsiveness, the platform can cultivate a more positive
user experience. Furthermore, addressing factors like mobile accessibility and customer support can
help bridge potential gaps in user satisfaction across different devices and user scenarios. Ultimately,
these targeted improvements have the potential to not only increase user satisfaction but also foster a
sense of loyalty and advocacy among users, driving sustained engagement and long-term platform
success.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the insights gleaned from the regression analysis, the following comprehensive
recommendations are proposed to elevate user satisfaction on the Alumni Network Platform:
1. Optimize Navigation: Simplify menu structures and provide intuitive pathways to key features.
Additionally, consider offering interactive tutorials or guided tours for new users to enhance
ease of navigation and familiarity with platform functionalities.
2. Enhance Information Clarity: Ensure clear and concise communication of information across
all platform sections. Integrate tooltips and explanatory text where necessary to provide context
and guidance. Moreover, establish clear guidelines for platform use to enhance overall clarity
and understanding.
3. Improve Responsiveness: Prioritize optimization of platform performance to enhance speed
and responsiveness. Minimize loading times and ensure seamless user interactions to mitigate
frustration and enhance overall user experience.
4. Maximize Usefulness of Features: Streamline feature usage by prioritizing functionalities that
add tangible value to users. Regularly solicit feedback from users to identify pain points and
areas for improvement, prioritizing feature enhancements based on user input and preferences.
5. Invest in User Engagement: Foster a vibrant and interactive user community by implementing
features such as discussion forums, event calendars, and networking opportunities. Encourage
active participation and collaboration among users to promote a sense of belonging and
community on the platform.
6. Optimize Mobile Accessibility: Ensure seamless accessibility and user-friendliness of the
platform on mobile devices. Implement responsive design principles and optimize features for
mobile use to accommodate users accessing the platform on various devices and screen sizes.
7. Provide Effective Customer Support: Establish responsive and reliable customer support
services to address user inquiries and issues promptly. Offer comprehensive helpdesk
assistance, user support resources, and timely resolution of user concerns to foster trust and
confidence in the platform's support infrastructure.
By implementing these strategic recommendations, the Alumni Network Platform can significantly
enhance the overall user experience, fostering heightened levels of satisfaction, engagement, and loyalty
among its user base. These initiatives not only contribute to increased user retention but also pave the
way for sustained success and growth of the platform in the long term.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author extends his heartfelt gratitude to the individuals who significantly contributed to the
realization of this study. Firstly, I express my deepest appreciation to the Lord Almighty for His
unwavering strength and guidance throughout this journey. In moments of failure and adversity, His
presence provided me with the courage to persevere and successfully complete this study. I am
immensely thankful to my beloved parents, friends, and to my partner for their unwavering moral and
financial support, as well as their prayers and constant inspiration. Their encouragement played a pivotal
role in motivating me to embark on this research endeavor and see it through to completion.
Additionally, I extend my sincere appreciation to all those who selflessly offered their invaluable
assistance, thereby making this project a reality. Your contributions were instrumental in bringing this
system project to fruition. To each and every one of you, I express my heartfelt thanks for your
unwavering support and dedication. Your involvement has been truly invaluable, and I am immensely
grateful for everything you have done.
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FUNDING SUPPORT
The author assumed full financial responsibility for all project expenses, demonstrating self-sufficiency
by funding the endeavor independently, without relying on financial backing from external sources or
organizations. This commitment underscores the author's dedication and investment in the research,
ensuring autonomy and control over the project's execution and outcomes. By shouldering the financial
burden unaided, the author upholds integrity and transparency, free from any potential influence or
conflicts of interest that external funding might entail. This self-reliant approach exemplifies the
author's unwavering commitment to the project's integrity and the pursuit of scholarly excellence.
ETHICAL STATEMENT
This study does not involve any research activities or experiments conducted on human or animal
subjects by any of the authors. As such, it does not entail the collection or analysis of data directly
involving human participants or animal subjects. This ethical stance ensures that the study adheres to
principles of research integrity and avoids potential ethical concerns related to human or animal
research. The focus of the study remains on analyzing existing data, literature, or other forms of
information pertinent to the research objectives, without necessitating direct involvement with human
or animal subjects.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
The authors unequivocally affirm that they have no conflicts of interest pertaining to the research
presented in this study. This declaration underscores the integrity and impartiality with which the
research was conducted and reported. Absence of conflicts of interest ensures that the findings and
conclusions presented in the study are solely driven by scientific rigor and objectivity, devoid of any
undue influence or bias. This commitment to transparency and ethical conduct reinforces the credibility
and trustworthiness of the research findings, fostering confidence in the validity and reliability of the
study's outcomes.
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