STD 5 EXPRESSIVE ARTS NOTES

TOPIC 1: ARTISTIC SHAPES AND MOVEMENTS

WAYS OF CREATING ARTISTIC SHAPES

— Drawing —Knitting —Sewing —Using body parts

WAYS OF CREATING ARTISTIC MOVEMENTS

—Through music — Through dances — Through games

—Through physical exercises

IMPORTANCE OF BODY MOVEMENTS.

—To look for food. — To run away from danger

—To look for shelter. — For recreation

—To help in coordination of muscles and joints

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES THAT INVOLVE BODY MOVEMENTS

—Jumping —Running. —Dancing.—Chopping Wood

GEOMETRICAL SHAPES : These are shapes produced by joining lines and circles.

EXAMPLES OF GEOMETRICAL SHAPES

—circles —Rectangles —Squares —Triangles

MATERIALS FOR DRAWING SHAPES

—Pencil —Crayons —Charcoal —paper

MATERIALS FOR DESIGNING TOYS

—Paper. —Pieces of fabric —Pencil.

—Scissors

MATERIALS FOR SEWING TOYS

— Pieces of paper — Soft paper —Thread —pencil —cotton wool. —pieces of rags

TOOLS FOR SEWING TOYS

—pair of scissors —sewing needles —razor blade

— tacking pins

MATERIALS FOR KNITTING TOYS

— Knitting wool —Sisal. — Thread — pieces of fabric

—pieces of bamboo — cotton

TOOLS FOR KNITTING TOYS

— knitting needles — wire

EXAMPLES OF ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES

—weaving — knitting. —sewing. —carving

IMPORTANCE OF MAKING TOYS

—Helps learners to develop creativity skill.

— Helps learners to develop the skill of imagination.

— Source of income after selling them.

SOURCES OF RISKS IN SPORTS AND ARTS

—Pot holes — Slippery of the ground — Stones

—Not following instructions —Not handling sharp tools properly.

— Lack of warm up and cool down activities.

WAYS OF REDUCING RISKS IN SPORTS AND ARTS

—Handling sharp tools properly.

—Following instructions of games.

— Filling in pot holes on the ground.

—Doing warm up and cool down activities.

—Removing stones from the ground.

—Wearing a thimble when sewing.

SOURCES OF RISKS IN WEAVING

- Bamboos - Chisongole.
SOURCES OF RISKS IN KNITTING

- Sharp knitting needles.

SOURCES OF RISKS IN WEAVING

- Sharp sewing needles. - pressing iron.

SOURCES OF RISKS IN CARVING

- Sharp tools such as adzes and chisel.

- Improper handling of tools when sharpening.

SOURCES OF RISKS IN ATHLETICS E.G. TRACK EVENTS.

- Stones. - Bricks. - sharp objects - rough surface. - lack of warm up and cool down activities.
- Small running lanes.

SOURCES OF RISKS IN THROWING EVENTS SUCH AS JAVELIN, DISCUS, SHOT PUT.

-Poor condition of equipment.

- Rough surfaces

- Slippery

- Poor handling of equipment.

SOURCES OF RISKS IN BALL GAMES

—Poor condition of the ground

—Lack of warm up and cool down activities

—Poor condition of the ball

—Wrong pressure and size of the ball

SAFETY PRACTICES IN JAVELIN

—Walk with javelin in vertical position to the ground.

—Put the protective cloth on both ends of javelin when not in use.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN DISCUS

—Use discus without cracks.

—Create enough space between the thrower and the other.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN SHORT PUT

—Hold the shot with a firm grip.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN JUMPING EVENTS

—Have a soft landing area.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN ATHLETICS

—Adequate preparation

—Use lanes when running .

—Ensure that learners are well spaced in races of more than one lap.

—Count all the learners before and after long runs

SAFETY PRACTICE IN BASKETBALL

— Minimise contacts among players.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN NETBALL

— Observe the rules of the game

— Use approved balls

— Umpires should ensure fair play.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN VOLLEYBALL

— Playing field should be dry.

— Use approved balls.

— Avoid treading on the ball.

— Spikes should be empty part of the court.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN FIELD HOCKEY

— Cut grass on the pitch.

—Provide goalkeepers with protective clothes.

— Use sticks that are in good condition.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN FOOTBALL ( SOCCER)

— Avoid dangerous play

— Cut grass on the ground.

— Referees should ensure fair play.

SAFETY PRACTICES IN GYMNASTICS

— Use clothes that allow free movement.

— Proper supervision of activities .

TOPIC 2 : PARTICIPATING AND COLLABORATING IN ARTS AND SPORTS.

EXAMPLES OF SPORTS IN LEARNERS CAN PARTICIPATE

— Football. — Netball –Volleyball—Basketball

EXAMPLES OF ARTS IN LEARNERS CAN PARTICIPATE

—Dancing. — Singing — Drama

IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS AND ARTS

— For pleasure — Promote team spirit

— For entertainment

—Promote unity and cooperation

— Promote good health

BASIC SKILLS IN JAVELIN

—Throwing — Holding — Running

BASIC SKILLS IN FOOTBALL

—Passing. — Heading — Shooting. — Dribbling

—Goal keeping

BASIC SKILLS IN NETBALL

— Passing — Catching — Marking. — Shooting

— Goal keeping

EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL DANCES IN MALAWI

— Beni — Ingoma. — Tchopa — Likhuba

EXAMPLE OF TRADITIONAL DANCE BASED ON PARADES OF BRITISH

SOLDIERS

— Beni

EXAMPLE OF WAR TRADITIONAL DANCE

— Ingoma

EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL DANCES ASSOCIATED WITH RAIN

MAKING CEREMONY

— Tchopa — Likhuba

EFFECT OF CHANGING THE TRADITIONAL DANCING STYLES

— It results in creation of contemporary dances

SPORTS ATTIRE

— It refers to the type of dress that identifies people with the kind of
sporting activity.

COSTUMES

— These are clothes that identify people with the kind of artistic
performance.

ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES THAT REQUIRE COSTUMES

— Drama — Choir singing. — Traditional dances

— Poetry

IMPORTANCE OF SPORTS ATTIRE

— To give identity to the players.

— To add beauty in players .

— To allow freedom of body movements during

performance.

IMPORTANCE OF COSTUMES IN ARTISTIC PERFORMANCES

— To give identity to the performers.

— To add beauty in performers.

— To attract viewers' attention during performance.

SKILLS REQUIRED WHEN MAKING SPORTS ATTIRE AND COSTUMES

— Creativity. — Designing — Measurement

— Cutting — Sewing

— Production of various items.

STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN MAKING SPORTS ATTIRE AND

COSTUMES

1. Select suitable materials for making them.

2. Design the required sports attire and costumes.
3. Make the sports attire and costumes.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO DESIGN THE SPORTS ATTIRE AND

COSTUMES?

— To suit the occasions they are intended for.

HOW CAN YOU TAKE CARE OF SPORTS ATTIRE

AND COSTUMES WHICH HAVE BEEN MADE?

1. Storing them properly so that they can be

used for many times before they wear out.

2 . Washing sports attire regularly.

MATERIALS FOR MAKING SPORTS ATTIRE AND

COSTUMES

— Feathers — Animal hides. — Old blankets

— shields — Palm leaves — Beads

— Pieces of cloth — Wool — Dye. — Clubs

—Needles

CLASSIFICATION OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

1. Tuned musical instruments

2. Untuned musical instruments

TUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

- These are musical instruments which produce

various pitches of sound.

EXAMPLES OF TUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

— Banjo — Guitar — String bass — Flute

— Mkangala

UNTUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

- These are musical instruments which produce

one pitch of sound.

EXAMPLES OF UNTUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

— Shakers. — Rasps — Wood blocks — Drum

— Rattles — Hoe blades — Xylophone

OCCASIONS WHEN THE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS ARE USED

— During wedding ceremony

— During funeral ceremony

—Initiation ceremony
— Political gatherings

—Installation of chiefs

IMPORTANCE OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

—To add beauty in a song

—Source of income after selling them.

—To accompany songs and dances

— To complement human voice

—To add harmony in music

— To boost listening skills

IMPORTANCE OF SONGS

— To communicate messages effectively to the

people.

— To entertain people.

— To educate people

TOPIC 3: SELF EXPRESSION THROUGH ARTWORKS.

ARTWORKS WHICH EXPRESS AND COMMUNICATE FEELINGS AND

IDEAS

— Songs — Picture stories —Modelling —Drawings — Posters —

Drama — Knitting

— Plaiting — Sewing
ARTWORKS IN WHICH REPETITIONS AND

CONTRASTS ARE USED.

— Drawing — Weaving — Pot modeling

— Drama — Dancing — Singing songs

— Sewing

IMPORTANCE OF REPETITIONS AND CONTRASTS IN ARTWORKS

— They add beauty to the artworks

— They attract viewers attention

— They express and communicate messages

effectively.

—They make certain areas of artworks stand

out.

NB: Repetition in visual arts refers to the recurring of shapes , colours

or objects in an artwork.

• Contrast in arts refers to the differences of

shapes , colours or objects in an artwork.

MATERIALS FOR MODELLING POT

— Clay — Maize cobs — Shells of snail

— Water — Cardboard

FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
 1. Verbal communication
2. Non -verbal communication

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

-- It is the communication which uses words.

EXAMPLES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

— Songs — Drama — Poem — Language

NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION

— It is the communication which does not use words.

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

— Gestures — Drawings — Posters

EXAMPLES OF GESTURES WHICH CAN BE USED AS NON- VERBAL

COMMUNICATION

— Shaking head — Facial expressions

— Knodding head

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND NON-VERBAL

COMMUNICATION.

1. Both forms of communication are learnt

Informally during early child hood

2. Both forms of communication are developed

 in schools.

TOPIC 4: SOLVING CHALLENGES IN EVERYDAY

LIFE.

CHALLENGES THAT PEOPLE MEET IN EVERY DAY LIFE

— Floods — Drought — Food shortage —Epidemics — Rapid

population growth

SOLUTIONS TO THE CHALLENGES THAT PEOPLE MEET IN EVERY DAY

LIFE

—Using plays — Using Posters

—Using drawings

TOPIC 5 : PRODUCING VARIOUS ITEMS FOR

THE COMMUNITY.

EXAMPLES OF LOCALLY MADE USED IN THE

COMMUNITY.

— Brooms —Rope — Door mats — Clay pots

—Wooden spoons — Cooking sticks — Toys

IMPORTANCE OF LOCALLY MADE ITEMS USED

IN THE COMMUNITY

— Source of income after selling them.

—Used for sweeping such as brooms

_Used for cooking such as cooking stick

MATERIALS FOR WEAVING BROOMS

— Palm leaves — Sisal — Grass

MATERIALS FOR PLAITING DOOR MATS

—Sisal — Maize sheaths — Thread

—Sewing needles

MATERIALS FOR MODELLING TOYS

— Palm leaves — Dry grass — Sisal

TOOLS FOR MODELLING TOYS

— Pair of scissors — Knife

MATERIALS FOR CARVING SPOONS

— Wood. — Soapstone

TOOLS FOR CARVING SPOONS

— Adze. — Chisel —Mallets — Rasps — Gouges

TOPIC 6 : VARIOUS ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES.

ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES IN WHICH LEARNERS CAN PARTICIPATE

— Composing songs

— Knitting baby bonnets and booties

— Sewing magyer dress and shirt.

IMPORTANCE OF PARTICIPATING IN ARTISTIC

ACTIVITIES.

— It helps learners to the develop the skills of

Sewing and composing songs.

— It helps learners to get income through selling

them.

—It helps learners to be self reliant.

HOW DO LEARNERS DEVELOP THE SKILLS OF

ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES?

— By practising the artistic activities.

MATERIALS FOR KNITTING BABY BOONETS

BOOTIES.

— Knitting wool — Samples of knitted booties

— Plastic bag for yarn storage

TOOLS FOR KNITTING BABY BONNETS AND

BOOTIES.

— Knitting needles — Safety pins

MATERIALS FOR SEWING MAGYER DRESS

OR COLLARLESS MAGYER SHIRT

—Pieces of fabric — Thread — Buttons

TOOLS FOR SEWING MAGYER DRESS AND

SHIRT

—Pins. — Pair of scissors. — Sewing needles

—Razor blade

ABBREVIATIONS IN KNITTING AND THEIR

MEANINGS.

1. C/on — Cast on. 11. Incl. — including

2.alt. — alternate. 12. rep. — repeat

3. beg. — beginning. 13. *to* — beginning from -to-

4.C/off — Cast off

5 .Sts — Stitches.

6. K — knit.

7 .P — purl

8 . Wrd —wool forward

9 . tog. — together

10. St sts — Stocking stitches

STD 6 EXPRESSIVE ARTS NOTES

TOPIC 1: BODY COORDINATION ACTIVITIES.

IMPORTANCE OF BODY COORDINATION

ACTIVITIES.

— They prevent falls and injuries.

— They strengthen bones and muscles.

ACTIVITIES THAT CAN ENHANCE BODY

COORDINATION.

—Jumping. — Swimming —Aerobics

— Dancing — Flexibility exercise

TRADITIONAL

—It means originality

TRADITIONAL DANCES

— These are dances that are performed by

people in the community.

EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL DANCES IN

MALAWI.

— Likhuba. — Mganda — Ingoma

— Utse — msindo — Vimbuza.

EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL DANCES ASSOCIATED WITH PEOPLE OF

NSANJE DISTRICT IN SOUTHERN MALAWI.
— Likhuba. — Utse

EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL DANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE PEOPLE

OF DOWA

AND NTCHEU IN CENTRAL MALAWI.

—Mganda — Msindo

EXAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL DANCES LINKED WITH SOME DISTRICTS

OF NORTHERN MALAWI.

— Ingoma — Vimbuza.

IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL DANCES

—To strengthen both muscles and bones.

— To educate the audience.

—To entertain the audience.

EDUCATIONAL DANCES

- These are dances that are created and performed by

learners based on a theme.

- These are dances that are created by

learners based on their personal experiences.

IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATIONAL DANCES

— To strengthen both muscles and bones.

— To educate the audience.

— To entertain the audience.

NB : Audience is the number of people gathered to watch a show.

TOPIC 2: RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES.

RHYTHM

-It is a combination of different lengths of

sounds and silences.

- It is grouping of sounds and silences of

varying durations.

EXAMPLES OF RHYTHMIC ACTIVITIES

— Breathing — Heart beating — walking

— Pounding — Singing songs — Talking

— Digging — Carving wood — Running

WAYS OF EXPRESSING RHYTHMIC ABILITIES

—Through imitation

— Through simple dances

— Through creative expression

WAYS OF SHOWING RHYTHMIC PATTERNS

— Beating a drum — Walking

— Clapping hands

EXAMPLES OF SITUATIONS IN WHICH

LEARNERS CAN IMITATE

— New dancing style — Tennis serve

— Running — Lay up in basketball

MIRRORING

— It is the act of copying actions , words or

expressions of another person.

MIRRORING ACTIVITIES

— These are activities whereby learners

follow exactly what the leader is doing.

EXAMPLES OF MIRRORING ACTIVITIES

— Aerobics — New dancing style

— Tennis serve — Running

— Lay up in basketball

HOW CAN YOU MAKE SOUND, MOTION OR

DESIGN TO BE RHYTHMIC?

— Forming regular pattern

RHYTHMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MUSIC AND MOVEMENT

— As learners listen to music , they may kick ,

 laugh, jump and clap.

SITUATIONS IN WHICH MIRRORING ACTIVITIES ARE DONE

— During physical activities which are not formally organised.

— During organised physical activities such as

aerobics.

VALUES OF MIRRORING ACTIVITIES (PURPOSES /IMPORTANCE OF

MIRRORING ACTIVITIES)

— To make the activity easy to learn .

— They help in body flexibility.

— They help in body coordination.

—They can be used to teach attention skills.

— They promote unity.

— They promote discipline.

TOPIC 3 : SELF EXPRESSION

WAYS OF EXPRESSING AND COMMUNICATING FEELINGS AND IDEAS.

— Language — Drawing — Drama — Marshal arts — Gestures

— Songs — Posters — Writing

ART WORKS WHICH CAN BE USED TO COMMUNICATE BOTH

VERBALLY AND NON - VERBALLY

— Songs — Drama — Marshal arts

ADVANTAGES OF USING VERBAL COMMUNICATION

— Ideas and feelings can be expressed by use of language.

— HIV concepts can effectively be communicated through use

songs.

DISADVANTAGES OF USING VERBAL COMMUNICATION

— Ideas cannot be clarified.

— It is difficult to understand some ideas when just said.

ADVANTAGES OF USING NON - VERBAL COMMUNICATION

— Ideas can be clarified effectively through demonstrations.

— HIV concepts can effectively be communicated through

posters.

DISADVANTAGES OF USING NON - VERBAL COMMUNICATION

— The audience may get bored.

— It is difficult to understand some ideas when just demonstrated.

TOPIC 4 : IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EVERY DAY LIFE

FACILITIES THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH

— Bath shelters — Sun tables

ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES THAT CAN PROMOTE THE HEALTH OF

INDIVIDUALS.

— Constructing bath shelters.

— Singing songs on healthy living.

—Constructing a sun table

MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTING BATH SHELTER

— Poles — Grass bundles — Palm leaves — Stones

— Sisal — Bamboo — Hoes — meter rulers

MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTING SUN TABLE

— Poles — bamboo — Palm leaves — Sisal

— Hoes — meter rulers.

ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES THAT CAN LEAD TO DESTRUCTION OF THE

ENVIRONMENT.

— Carving — Modelling pot — Weaving — Plaiting

WAYS OF CONSERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

— Practising afforestation and re-afforestation.

— Disposing litters in proper places .

— Sweeping the surrounding.

— Avoid collecting clay for modelling from the same place.

— Making flower beds .

IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

— It makes the place look clean

— It beautifies the place.

— It brings rainfall through transpiration.

— It controls soil erosion.

— It helps to prevent water borne diseases such as cholera.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF NOT CONSERVING THE ENVIRONMENT

— Insufficient rainfall

— Soil erosion

— Loss of tourism

— It can lead to water pollution

— Spread of water borne diseases such as cholera.

TOPIC 5 : CREATIVITY

CROSS - CUTTING ISSUES

_ These are challenges that affect many people and cause great

concerns.

EXAMPLES OF CROSS - CUTTING ISSUES

• HIV and AIDS • Pollution • Democracy

• Gender • Child labour • Corruption

• Environmental degradation • Violation of human rights

• Drug and substance abuse

CAUSES OF CROSS -CUTTING ISSUES

• Lack of knowledge
• Misappropriation of resources

• Misuse of natural resources

• Misuse of human resources

• Misuse of financial resources

EFFECTS OF CROSS -CUTTING ISSUES

• illiteracy • Violence • Wide range of poverty

• Environmental degradation • Dissatisfaction of one gender

• Lawlessness and disorderliness in the society.

ART WORKS AND PERFORMANCES THAT CAN BE USED TO PASS

MESSAGES ON CROSS -CUTTING ISSUES.

— Songs — Drama — Posters — Dances

POWERFUL TOOLS FOR PASSING MESSAGES ON CROSS - CUTTING

ISSUES

— Drama — Songs — Posters

WHY ARE SONGS, DRAMA AND POSTERS CONSIDERED AS POWERFUL

TOOLS FOR PASSING MESSAGES ON CROSS

CUTTING ISSUES?

— Because they educate the audience.

— They entertain the audience.

IMPORTANCE OF POSTERS IN PLACES SUCH AS ALONG THE

ROAD , HOSPITALS , EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND OFFICES

— They can be a quick way of passing important information.

—They can pass information by using only pictures or drawings.

— They can use few words to pass very important message.

— They can pass information to even very busy persons when

they are pasted at places.

TOPIC 6 : ARTISTIC SKILLS

ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES THAT REQUIRE SKILLS

— Playing sports and games

— Playing musical instruments

— Making musical instruments

— Decorating home

— Producing artistic items

REASONS FOR PLAYING SPORTS AND GAMES

— To promote unity and cooperation.

— For enjoyment

— To encourage team spirit.

— For fun

— To promote good health.

FACTORS THAT CAN NEGATIVELY AFFECT SPORTS AND GAMES IN

MALAWI
— Bad weather

— Lack of skilled personnel

— Hooliganism

—Lack of materials to be used

TYPES OF SPORTS

(a) Team sports (b) Individual sports

COMMON TEAM SPORTS

— Football — Netball — Volleyball

— Basketball — Hockey

COMMON INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

— Golf — Chess — Table tennis

— Swimming

NAME THE OFFICIAL IN FOOTBALL

— Referee — Two assistant referees

NAME THE OFFICIAL IN NETBALL

— Umpire

NAME THE OFFICIAL IN ATHLETICS

— Starter

NAME THE TWO ASSISTANT OFFICIALS IN

ATHLETICS
— Field Marshal — Track judge

RULES THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED IN SPORTS AND GAMES

— The use of energy enhancing materials

such as steroids during high competitions

are strictly forbidden.

—The philosophy to win at all cost as

practised in other countries is discouraged.

— The referee should raise up yellow and red cards

for foul play.

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO PROHIBIT THE USE OF ENERGY

ENHANCING MATERIALS SUCH AS STEROIDS DURING HIGH

COMPETITION ?

— To prevent health hazard.

— To promote fairness in sports.
IMPORTANCE OF RULES IN SPORTS AND GAMES
— Reducing body injuries.
— Avoiding conflicts.
— Maintaining integrity.
— Observing honesty.
— Promoting fairness in sports.
ARTISTIC ITEMS THAT CAN BE USED TO IMPROVE
THE HOME
— Chair backs — Wall hangings — Paintings
— Table mats — Drawings
WAYS OF IMPROVING THE HOME

— producing paintings – Producing table mats

—Producing chair backs —Producing drawings
—Producing wall hangings
MATERIALS FOR MAKING ITEMS FOR HOME
IMPROVEMENT
— Sisal — Pencils — Local paint — Strings
EXAMPLES OF LOCAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
— Shakers — mkangala — Drums — Banjo
— Acoustic guitar — Visekese — Rasps
CHARACTERISTICS OF LOCAL MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
— They are simple and can be made locally.
— They are made using locally available resources.
EXAMPLES OF SOPHISTICATED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
—Electric guitar — Accordion — Trumpet — Piano
— Saxophone
WHAT IS THE COMMONEST WAY OF GROUPING
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS ?
— According to sound production
MAJOR GROUPS OF MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
1. Tuned musical instruments
2. Untuned musicainstruments
TUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
- These are musical instruments which produce
various pitches of sound.
EXAMPLES OF TUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
— Banjo — Guitar — mkangala — String bass
— Flute
UNTUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
— These are musical instruments which produce
one fixed pitch of sound.
EXAMPLES OF UNTUNED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
— Drums — Shakers — Wood blocks — Rasps
— Visekese — Hoe blades — Xylophone — Rattles
HOW DO THE FOLLOWING MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
PRODUCE SOUND?
1 . Banjo — by plucking. 7. Trumpet — by blowing
2. Guitar — by plucking 8. Piano — by pressing
3 .Drum — by beating. 9. Rattles — by shaking
4.Shaker — by shaking
5.Visekese — by shaking
6. Flute — by blowing
NOTE : Untuned musical instruments are also called
percussion musical instruments
TOPIC 7 : MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
MEANING OF COMMUNICATION
— It means sending and receiving messages.
— It is the passing of information from one person
to another.
TRADITIONAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
— Drums — Whistles — Gongs —Trumpet
MODERN MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
— Cell phone — Computer — Sirens
—Bells
WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN A GONG IS SOUNDED
EARLY IN THE MORNING IN MALAWIAN
CULTURE?
— Beer announcement
NB : When a gong is sounded in the morning , it also
means death announcement.
USES OF TRUMPETS IN THE PAST
— Used to announce victory at war.
— Used to announce the coming of enemies into the
land.
WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN ONE BRINGS A WHITE CHICKEN TO A CHIEF AMONG

THE CHEWA?

— It means accepting an offence committed.

WHAT DOES IT MEAN WHEN ONE BRINGS A BLACK CHICKEN TO THE CHIEF AMONG

THE CHEWA ?

-It means one has brought a funeral message.

WAYS USED BY PEOPLE IN THE BIBLE WHEN SOMETHING WENT WRONG

1. Wearing sack cloth on the body.

2. Smearing ashes on the body.
WHAT DO THE FOLLOWING ENVOYS MEAN ?
(a) When a widow wears a black cloth
— It means she has lost a husband.
(b) When people wear rings on certain fingers
— It means they are married.
ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET
— It is the fastest means of communication.
—It is used for searching information on any topic.
WHAT DO THE FOLLOWING COLOURS MEAN IN DIFFERENT
CULTURES?
1. Red colour in China : It stands for wedding.
2. Red colour in Malawi : It is a sign for danger.
3. White colour in Malawi : It stands for wedding.
4. White colour in America : It stands for wedding.
5. White flag on a roof or tree: It stands for wedding.
USES OF PATTERNS AND DESIGNS IN COMMUNITIES
— Tattoos on human faces are used for beautification.
— A combination of decorative patterns are used for
making hats .
MEANINGS OF CERTAIN SOUNDS, SYMBOLS AND SIGNS IN
COMMUNITIES.
1. A cock crowing at night
— It indicates dawn is approaching.
2 . The hooting of an owl at night
 — It indicates a bad omen.
3. A cross on an institution
— It may show that it is a church.
4. A crescent on an institution
— It shows that it is a mosque.
THINGS THAT PEOPLE CAN USE WHEN COLOURING ITEMS
FROM LOCAL ENVIRONMENT

— Coloured flowers — Red bricks — Charcoal

— Sap of trees
GOOD EFFECTS OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY IN
EXPRESSING AND COMMUNICATING
— People are able to send or get a lot of
information through internet.
— People can travel thousands of kilometres by
air.
— One is able to communicate with people from
distant places through internet.
—It has improved the speed of doing things.
BAD EFFECTS (IMPACTS) OF MODERN
TECHNOLOGY IN EXPRESSING AND
COMMUNICATING
— There is no restriction on what should be
viewed on television
— The internet is flooded with pornographic
materials that can spoil people's minds.
—People are interacting less because they are
glued to the screen and talk less.
— One can commit suicide through imitation of
television experience.
TOPIC 8 : OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
MEANING OF OUT DOOR ACTIVITIES
— Are educational experiences planned by the
teacher to help learners understand and
 appreciate their environment.
ARTWORKS DONE IN THE COMMUNITY
1. Painting. 2. Carving 3 . Weaving
EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES DONE IN THE
COMMUNITY
1. Swimming 2 . Nature exploration
3. Mountain climbing
EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL ACTIVITIES DONE IN THE
COMMUNITY
1. Traditional dances
2. Rites of passage ceremony
WHAT IS RITE OF PASSAGE CEREMONY?
— It is a ceremony done to mark different
stages of a person's life from birth to death.
IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE
COMMUNITY
— They improve the health of community
members.
IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN THE
COMMUNITY
1. They give identity to the community.
2. They promote unity in the community.
3.They promote cooperation in the community.
IMPORTANCE OF ARTWORKS (ARTIFACTS) IN THE
COMMUNITY
1. Source of income after selling them.
2. They attract tourists .
WHAT IS NATURE TRAIL?
— It is the path taken by learners in out door
activities.
TOPIC 9 : INTERPRETATION OF ARTWORKS
IMPORTANCE OF TRADITIONAL SONGS AND
DANCES
1. They give identity to the society.
2. They entertain people.
3. They educate people.
4. They communicate messages effectively.

THINGS THAT A PERSON HAS TO LOOK AT

WHEN DANCING AND SINGING
1 . Context 2 . Space 3 . Staging 4 . Audience
OCCASIONS WHEN TRADITIONAL SONGS AND
DANCES ARE PERFORMED
1 . During wedding ceremony
2 . During funeral ceremony
3 . During installation of chiefs
4. During political gatherings
5. During initiation ceremony
EXAMPLES OF ART ITEMS THAT SHOW CULTURAL
HERITAGE
1. Carved items 3 . Plaited items
2 . Woven items.4 . Modelled items
EXAMPLES OF CARVED ITEMS THAT SHOW
CULTURAL HERITAGE
1. Wooden spoon 3 . Mortar 5 .Wooden toys
2 . Cooking stick 4. Pestle
EXAMPLES OF WOVEN ITEMS THAT SHOW
CULTURAL HERITAGE
1. Baskets. 3. Mats
2. Hats
EXAMPLES OF MODELLED ITEMS THAT SHOW
CULTURAL HERITAGE
1. Clay pots 2 . Clay toys
IMPORTANCE OF ATTACHING THE VALUE OR PRICE
TO THE ART PRODUCTS
1. To show to the learners that they can earn
a living from art products.
2. To create the spirit of excellence in the
learners.
WAYS OF MARKETING ART ITEMS
1. Advertising 3.Displaying items
2. Show casing items
PLACES WHERE ART ITEMS CAN BE DISPLAYED
WHEN MARKETING
1 . On the table 3 . On the hangers
2. At the shelves
WAYS OF IMPARTING SKILLS OF MAKING ART
ITEMS TO LEARNERS
1. Using the teacher who is familiar with art
 items.
2. Using local expertise from the community.
STATE ONE WAY OF IMPARTING SKILLS OF
MAKING ART ITEMS TO LEARNERS IF THE TEACHER
IS NOT FAMILIAR WITH THEM
— Using local expertise from the community.
WAYS USED TO DIFFERENTIATE ART ITEMS
1.According to their appearance.
2. According to their shape.
3. According to their decorations.
TOPIC 10 : ARTISTIC PERFORMANCE
EXAMPLES OF ARTISTIC PERFORMANCES
1. Drama 3. Music. 5 . Sports
2. Dances. 4. Physical exercises
IMPORTANCE OF ARTISTIC PERFORMANCES
1. They educate the audience.
2. They entertain the audience.
3. Source of income if performed well.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO WEAR APPROPRIATE
ATTIRE WHEN PERFORMING ARTISTIC
PERFORMANCES?
1. To make performers look attractive.
2. To suit the kind of performance.
3.To make performers easily identified.
CHARACTERS IN THE PLAY
1. Actors 2 . Actresses
ACTORS : Are men who perform in drama.
ACTRESSES : Are women who perform in drama.
PLOT : is a drama story divided into acts and
scenes.
AN ACT : is a larger segment of play which is
subdivided into scenes.
SCENE : is a smaller segment of play.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER BEFORE DRAMA
PERFORMANCE
1. Writing story lines for drama
2. Assigning actors and actresses
EFFECTS OF A GOOD STORY IN A PLAY
1. It leaves the audience in suspense up to the
end of play.
2. It teaches a moral lesson.
WHAT IS DRAMA ?
— It is acting out situations in order to inform ,
educate and entertain the audience.
DEFINE THE TERM " Suspense " in play
— Is the holding of audience guessing the
outcome in a play.
MATERIALS FOR MAKING SPORTS ATTIRE
1. Cotton fabric. 3 . Sewing thread
2. Paper patterns 4. Embroidery thread
TOOLS FOR MAKING SPORTS ATTIRE
1. Pair of scissors. 3 .Pins
2 Sewing needle 4. Razor blade
MATERIALS FOR MAKING DANCE AND DRAMA
ATTIRE
1. Old clothes. 2 . Palm leaves 3 . Ropes
4. Banana leaves
TOOLS FOR MAKING DANCE AND DRAMA ATTIRE
1. Scissors. 2 . Razor blade
TOPIC 11: DECORATIVE ARTWORKS
WHAT IS AESTHETICS?
— It is the study of beauty in arts.
— Is the appreciation of beauty in arts.
ELEMENTS OF MUSIC THAT ADD BEAUTY IN A
SONG
1. Dynamics 3 . Dancing in response to song.
2.Tempo
DYNAMICS
— It refers to the loudness and softness of
sound in music.
IMPORTANCE OF DYNAMICS
— To add beauty in a song.
— To reduce monotony in the song.
TEMPO : is the speed of song.
— It is the speed at which music moves.
IMPORTANCE OF TEMPO
— To add beauty in a song.
— To avoid boredom in a song.
— Source of unity .
— Source of variety.
DESCRIBE THE EVIDENCE IN MGANGA OR
MALIPENGA DANCE
— The dancers add expressions be on the face
or in form of body twisting.
WAYS OF DECORATING ARTWORKS MADE FROM
CLAY
— Tattooing. — Engraving (Incising)
—Burning (Polishing) — Colouring (Staining)
— Coiling — Appliqué
— Stamping (impressing)
APPLIQUÉ
—It is a decorative process of applying one
material onto another.
HOW CAN YOU ACHIEVE ATTRACTIVE EFFECTS IN
ARTWORKS?
— By contrasting the texture of two materials.
HOW CAN YOU ACHIEVE DECORATIONS WHEN
WEAVING ARTWORKS?
— By interlocking vertical strips with horizontal
strips.
WARPS : Are vertical strips in weaving art .
WEFTS : Are horizontal strips in weaving art.
MATERIALS FOR SEWING SIMPLE APPLIQUÉ'
— Cloth — Sewing thread
TOOLS FOR SEWING SIMPLE APPLIQUÉ
— Sewing needle — Pair of scissors
MATERIALS FOR WEAVING MATS AND CARPETS
— Palm leaves — Reeds — Thread
— Banana leaves — Water
TOOLS FOR WEAVING MATS AND CARPETS
— weaving needle — Knife — Bucket of water
MATERIALS FOR DECORATING POTS AND VASES
— Clay. — Mango seeds — Brush
— Old blankets —Old spoons
— Wood. — Sisal. — Shells of snail
TOOLS FOR DECORATING POTS AND VASES
— Wire — Knife
TOPIC 12 : HOME MAKING
WHY SHOULD WE DRY CLAY ITEMS IN THE SHED?
— To make them strong for home use.
WHY SHOULD WE NOT EXPOSE WOODEN ITEMS
TO THE MOISTURE?
— To prevent them from cracking.
WHY SHOULD CLAY POTS NOT BE EXPOSED TO THE
SUN?
— To prevent them from cracking.
STATE ONE WAY OF MAKING CLAY POTS
STRONGER FOR HOME USE.
— Drying clay pots in the shed .

WHAT IS MARKETING?
— Is a skill that requires the ability to price ,
label , display and advertise.
EXAMPLES OF MARKETING SKILLS
— Researching — Displaying
— Costing — Advertising
IMPORTANCE OF MARKET RESEARCH
—To identify potential customers.
ADVERTISING : It means going out to meet people
to convince them that they will not regret after
buying artifacts.
IMPORTANCE OF ADVERTISING ARTIFACTS
— To identify potential customers.
— To attract customers.
THE PROCESSES IN MARKETING
1. Carrying out market research 5. Selling
2.Costing items
3.Displaying
4.Advertising
MATERIALS FOR MAKING CHAIR BACKS
— Plain cotton cloth
— Thread
TOOLS FOR MAKING CHAIR BACKS
— Needles — Pair of scissors
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN COSTING
ARTIFACTS FOR SALE
— Durability of artifacts
— Quality of artifacts
— Size of artifacts
— Quantity of materials used.
WRITTEN BY
TIMOTHY MASAMBA
(0889516238/0885562647)