Class XII Chemistry Notes Chapter 3 Chemical Kinetics
Class XII Chemistry Notes Chapter 3 Chemical Kinetics
Class XII Chemistry Notes Chapter 3 Chemical Kinetics
Resource Material
For Revised Syllabus Session 2024-25
EXEMPLAR
SOLUTIONS
CHEMISTRY
Chapter 4 :Chemical Kinetics
Class
12
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Chapter 4
Chemical Kinetics
2. In the presence of a catalyst, the heat evolved or absorbed during the reaction
___________.
(i) increases.
(ii) decreases.
(iii) remains unchanged.
(iv) may increase or decrease.
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
7. Consider the Arrhenius equation given below and mark the correct option.
a–E /RT k = A e
(i) Rate constant increases exponentially with increasing activation energy
and decreasing temperature.
(ii) Rate constant decreases exponentially with increasing activation energy
and decreasing temperature.
(iii) Rate constant increases exponentially with decreasing activation energy
and decreasing temperature.
(iv) Rate constant increases exponentially with decreasing activation energy
and increasing temperature
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer.
8. A graph of volume of hydrogen released vs time for the reaction between zinc
and dil.HCl is given in Fig. 4.2. On the basis of this mark the correct option.
(i) Average rate up to 40s is V3-V2/40
(ii) Average rate up to 40s is V3-V2/40-30
(ii) Average rate up to 40 seconds is V3/40
(iv) Average rate up to 40 seconds is V3-V1/40-20
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
10. Consider the graph given in Fig. 4.2. Which of the following options does not
show the instantaneous rate of reaction at 40th second?
(i) V5-V2/50-30
(ii) V4-V2/50-30
(iii) V3-V2/40-30
(iv) V3-V1/40-20
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
12. Which of the following expressions is correct for the rate of reaction given
below?
5Br–(aq) + BrO3–(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
15. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the collision theory of
chemical reaction?
(i) It considers reacting molecules or atoms to be hard spheres and ignores
their structural features.
(ii) A number of effective collisions determine the rate of reaction.
(iii) The collision of atoms or molecules possessing sufficient threshold energy
results into the product formation.
(iv) Molecules should collide with sufficient threshold energy and proper
orientation for the collision to be effective.
Solution:
Option (iii) is the answer.
16. A first-order reaction is 50% completed in 1.26 × 1014 s. How much time
would it take for 100% completion?
(i) 1.26 × 1015 s
(ii) 2.52 × 1014 s
(iii) 2.52 × 1028 s
(iv) infinite
Solution:
Option (iv) is the answer.
17. Compounds ‘A’ and ‘B’ react according to the following chemical equation.
A (g) + 2 B (g) → 2C (g)
The concentration of either ‘A’ or ‘B’ was changed keeping the concentrations of
one of the reactants constant and rates were measured as a function of initial
concentration. Following results were obtained. Choose the correct option for
the rate equations for this reaction.
Experiment Initial Concentration Initial concentration Initial rate
-1 -1
of [A]/ molL of [B]/ molL concentration of
[C]/molL-1S-1
1 0.30 0.30 0.10
2 0.30 0.60 0.40
3 0.60 0.30 0.20
(i) Rate = k [A]2[B]
(ii) Rate = k [A] [B]2
(iii) Rate = k [A] [B]
(iv) Rate = k [A]2[B]0
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
18. Which of the following statement is not correct for the catalyst?
(i) It catalyses the forward and backward reaction to the same extent.
(ii) It alters ∆G of the reaction.
(iii) It is a substance that does not change the equilibrium constant of a
reaction.
(iv) It provides an alternate mechanism by reducing activation energy
between reactants and products.
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
19. The value of rate constant of a pseudo first order reaction ____________.
(i) depends on the concentration of reactants present in a small amount.
(ii) depends on the concentration of reactants present in excess.
(iii) is independent of the concentration of reactants.
(iv) depends only on temperature.
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
20. Consider the reaction A B. The concentration of both the reactants and
the products varies exponentially with time. Which of the following figures
correctly describes the change in concentration of reactants and products
with time?
Solution:
Option (ii) is the answer.
21. Rate law cannot be determined from the balanced chemical equation if _______.
(i) the reverse reaction is involved.
(ii) it is an elementary reaction.
(iii) it is a sequence of elementary reactions.
(iv) any of the reactants is in excess
Solution:
Option (i), (iii) and (iv) are the answers.
29. Which of the following statements are in accordance with the Arrhenius
equation?
(i) Rate of a reaction increases with increase in temperature.
(ii) Rate of a reaction increases with a decrease in activation energy.
(iii) Rate constant decreases exponentially with an increase in temperature.
(iv) Rate of reaction decreases with a decrease in activation energy.
Solution:
Option (i) and (ii) are the answers.
Solution:
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers.
32. Which of the following graphs is correct for a first-order reaction?
Solution:
Option (i) and (iv) are the answers.
33. State a condition under which a bimolecular reaction is a kinetically first order
reaction.
Solution:
A condition under which the order of a chemical reaction can be altered is by taking the solvent or the
reactant in the excess amount due to which its concentration does not change much.
Consider a bimolecular reaction
A + B → Product
Rate = k[A][B]
When concentration B is large rate becomes k’[A]
Where k’=k[B]
The order of the reaction will be equal to one.
34. Write the rate equation for the reaction 2A + B → C if the order of the reaction is zero.
Solution:
The rate equation for the reaction 2A + B → C
Rate = k[A]0[B]0
The powers of the concentration of the reactants will be equal to zero. In the zero-order reactions, the
rate of the equation is equal to the rate constant.
35. How can you determine the rate law of the following reaction?
2NO (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g)
Solution:
The rate of the reaction can be determined by
Rate = k[NO]2[O2]1
It can be measured by the rate of the reaction as a function of initial concentration by keeping the
concentration of one of the reactants constant and changing the other reactant.
36. For which type of reactions, order and molecularity have the same value?
Solution:
For an elementary reaction, the order is the same as molecularity. Elementary reactions are those
reactions which occur in a single step.
37. In a reaction, if the concentration of reactant A is tripled, the rate of reaction becomes twenty-
seven times. What is the order of the reaction?
Solution:
Consider a rate of a reaction with reactant A
Rate = k[A]α
27 ˟ Rate = k[A]α
By dividing the equations we get α = 3
Therefore the order of the reaction becomes three.
38. Derive an expression to calculate the time required for completion of the zero-order reaction.
Solution:
Consider a reaction,
R → P t=0
Here R is the reactant and P is the product.
Rate = k[R]0 t=t
(Instantaneous rate) –dR/dt = k , dR =-kdt
On integrating both sides,
ʃDr = -k ʃdt
[R] = -kt + I
At t = 0,
[R]= [R0] which makes I= R0
[R] = [R0]– kt. ……………(i)
Here [R] = concentration of reactant at time ‘t’.
[R0] = initial concentration of the reactant.
This reaction is known as the integrated rate equation of zero order.
After completion of zero order reaction [R]= 0
Using [R]= 0 in (i)
[R0]=kt
t=[R0]/k
39. For a reaction A + B → Products, the rate law is — Rate = k [A][B]3/2 Can the reaction be a
elementary reaction? Explain.
Solution:
The reaction cannot be an elementary reaction because the order is different. For an elementary reaction,
the molecularity and order should be the same.
40. For a certain reaction large fraction of molecules has energy more than the threshold energy,
yet the rate of reaction is very slow. Why?
Solution:
The two most important conditions for a reaction to occur according to the collision theory are:
1. Energy is greater than activation energy and proper orientation of reactant molecules at the time of the
collision.
So when the reaction occurs then molecules that don’t have a proper orientation decreases the rate of a
reaction.
41. For a zero-order reaction will the molecularity be equal to zero? Explain.
Solution:
The molecularity of any reaction is the number of reacting species taking part in an elementary reaction.
The zero molecularity means there is no reactant so the reaction does not occur. Therefore molecularity
cannot be zero for a reaction.
Solution:
(i) It is a zero-order reaction as the graph is satisfying the equation [A] = [A0] – kt.
(ii) The slope of the curve is the negative of the rate constant that is denoted by –k.
(iii) Unit of the rate constant is Ms-1 or mol L-1s-1.
43. The reaction between H2(g) and O2(g) is highly feasible yet allowing the gases to stand at room
temperature in the same vessel does not lead to the formation of water. Explain.
Solution:
According to Maxwell Boltzmann energy distribution curve when temperature T becomes T+10 degree
Celsius then the effective collision and energy of molecules increases resulting in the formation of a
product.
44. Why does the rate of a reaction increase with a rise in temperature?
Solution:
Rate of reaction increases with the rise in temperature because at the higher temperature the fraction of
particles collision to cross the energy barrier will be large. Therefore the rate also becomes faster.
45. Oxygen is available in plenty in the air yet fuels do not burn by themselves at room
temperature. Explain.
Solution:
Oxygen is available in plenty of air yet fuels do not burn by themselves at room temperature because
reactants must have a minimum amount of energy known as the activation energy to form a product.
46. Why is the probability of reaction with molecularity higher than three very rare?
Solution:
For a reaction having more than three molecules, the proper orientation is not possible that makes these
reactions rare. Therefore the probability of more than three molecules colliding simultaneously will be
small.
47. Why does the rate of any reaction generally decrease during the reaction?
Solution:
The rate of a reaction decreases because the reactants will proceed to convert into the products. The rate
of a reaction always depends on the concentration of the reactants.
48. Thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction alone cannot decide the rate of the reaction. Explain
with the help of one example.
Solution:
Thermodynamic feasibility of the reaction alone cannot decide the rate of the reaction because for a
reaction to occur it is important for the molecules to have an energy greater than the activation energy.
For example,
Diamond → Graphite ΔG=-ive
ΔG negative means that the reaction is feasible but this reaction is a slow process as energy is less than
the activation energy.
49. Why in the redox titration of KMnO4vs oxalic acid, we heat oxalic acid solution before starting
the titration?
Solution:
We heat oxalic acid solution because without heating it is a slow process as energy greater than the
activation energy is required for a reaction. So to increase the energy, the temperature must be increased
which is only possible by heating the oxalic acid solution.
51. Why molecularity is applicable only for elementary reactions and order is applicable for
elementary as well as complex reactions?
Solution:
Molecularity is applicable only for elementary reactions as they are the single-step reactions and the rate
depends on the concentration of each molecule, whereas in case of complex reactions there are multiple
reactions involved and thus molecularity holds no meaning.
52. Why can we not determine the order of a reaction by taking into consideration the balanced
chemical equation?
Solution:
Order is an experimental quantity. For example, in complex reactions, the rate and order are dependent
on the slow step reactions, so in such cases, the order is not completely dependent on the balanced
chemical equations. We cannot determine the order by taking into consideration the balanced chemical
equation.
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