Making Oral Presentations

ELS 312 – BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
MAKING ORAL
PRESENTATIONS
Questions for reflection
Question for
reflection
• What skills do you find
particularly important to make
your speech a success?
• How do you appeal to the audience
emotionally in workplace
presentations?
Question for
reflection
Presentation Skills
PLANNING ORGANIZING DELIVERING

What are the two things you need to remember/do before
communicating (oral/written)?
1. Planning your
Presentation
• Determine the purpose of your
presentation and understand your
audience before organizing the
information and content.
Knowing your Purpose
Most presentations have the

The first most important step in same purposes as written
preparing for your presentation messages: To inform or to
is determining what you want persuade, through establishing
to achieve. goodwill, entertaining or other
logical means.
A. Knowing your Purpose
In training sessions organized for

staff (e.g. sales training), the
Informative presentations aim to primary purpose is to inform, and
pass on information for training or the secondary purpose is perhaps
teaching purposes. to persuade the staff why they
need to follow organizational
practices and culture.
A. Knowing your Purpose
Persuasive presentations influence

Your purpose statement is the
the belief and action of the
guiding principle which can affect
audience. According to Aristotle, this
your content and strategy or appeal
is usually achieved through three
to be used in the presentation.
types of appeal: ethos (i.e. building
Before you start your next step,
the credibility of the speaker);
outline the purpose and make it as
pathos (i.e. emotional appeal) and
specific as possible.
logos (logical appeal).
B. Knowing your Audience
BASIC INFORMATION, SUCH AS THE SIZE OF OTHER AUDIENCE CHARACTERISTICS

ADAPTING TO YOUR AUDIENCE IS THE THE AUDIENCE, AGE, GENDER, EXPERIENCE, ALSO DETERMINE THE KIND OF
SECOND KEY ELEMENT BEFORE A ATTITUDE AND EXPECTATIONS SHOULD ALL
BE TAKEN INTO SERIOUS CONSIDERATION.
CONTENT YOU ARE GOING TO
PRESENTATION. INCLUDE AND THE STRATEGIES TO BE
USED.
• Ask yourself the following questions before you
think about the content and presentation
strategies:
1 What makes the audience attend the
presentation? What do they want to get out of my
presentation?
2 How much do they know about the topic?
3 Are they hostile? Skeptical? Indifferent?
4 How can I make the topic appealing to the
B. Knowing your audience?
5 How can I relate the information/content to
Audience their needs?
6 What else should I do to address their needs?
7 How can I establish my credibility and earn their
respect?
8 Which appeals would be most effective in
making my point? Facts and statistics? Examples?
Analogies? Anecdotes? Empathy? Humor?
9 What measures should I take to reinforce their
understanding?
2. Organizing your Presentation: Introduction
Surprising them - Sometimes we

Making them think- most suitable for
need to surprise the audience
those presentations requiring the
especially when dealing with difficult
Appealing to the audience’s interest - audience to think deeply into a subject
issues or trying to activate an
emphasizes what the audience can gain for their support or actions. The
apathetic audience. There are three
from the presentation. following techniques can be used: (1)
techniques that can be used: (1)
Excite, link and involve (2) Story or
Shocking image (2) Striking fact (3)
quotation (3) Question or riddle
Provocative statement
2. Organizing your Presentation: Conclusion
A good closing is as important as or more People always remember what they

important than a good opening. hear last; this is the “serial position
effect” coined by Hermann Ebbinghaus.
2. Organizing your
Presentation: Conclusion
• Assigning a task to your audience

• End on a positive and upbeat note. Challenge your
audience and assign a task to them.
“Now that I have already shared tips with you about
how to make winning presentations. I hope you can
think deeply about how this can be applied to your
workplace. Try them, practice them and feel their
power and impact.”
2. Organizing your
Presentation: Conclusion
• Summarize the main ideas in

three main points
• Presenting facts or statistics
Organizing your Presentation:
Conclusion
• Telling a story
• According to the professional speaker Akash Karia,
stories are irresistible to the human mind as they help us
think, follow the mental images created and then apply.
This is why stories are commonly used in speeches,
especially in TED talks where we find most inspirational
presenters.
• You can tell a story in the opening, in the body and also
in the closing to make your speech memorable, each of
which plays different roles in different stages of a
speech.
• Projecting the future
• This is to show with confidence that something must
Organizing your be done in the near future.
Presentation: “You have so far done a good job . . . your hard work . . .
your sincerity . . . your perseverance. I have confidence
Conclusion that our sales record will increase drastically very soon.
Thank you.”
3. Delivering your Presentation
The top four most problematic presentation skills are (in order of difficulty):
(1) engaging the interest of the audience;
(2) handling the audience’s questions;
(3) speaking in a natural spoken style and
(4) using appropriate stress and intonation.

Questions?

Making Oral Presentations

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ELS 312 – BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

PLANNING ORGANIZING DELIVERING

Most presentations have the

In training sessions organized for

Persuasive presentations influence

BASIC INFORMATION, SUCH AS THE SIZE OF OTHER AUDIENCE CHARACTERISTICS

Surprising them - Sometimes we

A good closing is as important as or more People always remember what they

• Assigning a task to your audience

• Summarize the main ideas in

(1) engaging the interest of the audience;

(2) handling the audience’s questions;

(3) speaking in a natural spoken style and

(4) using appropriate stress and intonation.

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