ZIMBALI ESTATES

PORTIONS 1 & 2 of Erf 415

Stormwater Management Plan

May 2023

Prepared By: Prepared For:

ZAI Consultants (Pty) Ltd First Exchange, (Pty) Ltd

P O Box 1011, Wandsbeck, 3635 3 Bishops Court, Hillcrest, 3610
Tel: (031) 303 1901 Tel: 031 717 7573

ZAI Ref: 202307/1.5/ May 2023

First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

REVISION AUTHOR REVIEWED APPROVED SIGNATURE Date

A AM Johnston DM SAS 09/05/2023

Copyright vests in this document and no use or reproduction or duplication thereof may occur without the written consent of ZAI Consultants
(Pty) Ltd.

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

Contents

1. Project Description ................................................................................................. 3

2. Existing Conditions ................................................................................................ 4
2.1. Objective ............................................................................................................ 4
3. Methodology .......................................................................................................... 4
3.1. Runoff Coefficient (C) ........................................................................................ 4
3.2. Time of Concentration (Tc) ................................................................................ 5
3.3. Rainfall Intensity (I) ............................................................................................ 5
3.4. Application of the Rational Method .................................................................... 5
3.5. Reticulation Design ............................................................................................ 6
3.6. Attenuation Tank Design.................................................................................... 6
3.7. Outlet Design ..................................................................................................... 7
4. Summary................................................................................................................ 7
Appendix A Site Layout .......................................................................................... A
Appendix B Pre-Development Catchment Areas .................................................... B
Appendix C Post-development Catchment Areas ................................................... C
Appendix D Design Flood and Attenuation Calculations ......................................... D
Appendix E Flood Hydrographs ............................................................................... E

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

1. Project Description
The client, Mr. Mark Ridl, owns two properties in Zimbali Estates, Ballito. The properties,
namely, Ptn 1 and Ptn 2 of Erf 415 are approximately 1735 m² and 1998 m² in extent,
respectively and are located virtually along the boundary of Zimbali Estates and the town of
Ballito, at the following coordinates: Ptn 1 29° 32’ 30.5” S /31°12’06.12” E and Ptn 2 29° 32’
30.8” S/31° 12’ 05.9” E. The two properties abut one another.

The proposed development is for residential use and approximately the lower half of each
property is treated as a wetland with the attendant restrictions on development. The area of
the wetland does not change between the current and the post development situation and
thus this area is excluded from this assessment.

Although the sites are similarly sized, and identical dwellings are to be erected on each of, the
sites, individual calculations were carried out for each site. The requirements for attenuation
for both sites will be determined by using the larger site, Ptn 2, outcomes.

BALLITO

THE SITES

Figure 1. Locality of the Site

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

2. Existing Conditions
The sites are undeveloped, with the full area covered in thick vegetation. The sites fall toward
the eastern boundary in a sheet of overland flow at right angles to Sandwedge Road. See the
development layout in Appendix A.

There is a side inlet catchpit in Sandwedge Road near the middle point of Ptn 2, which
discharges near the centre point of this site. This pipe and the discharge structure is to be
relocated by ZEMA, to discharge down the existing servitude in Ptn 2, abutting Ptn 3 along
the southern boundary of Ptn 2.

An existing sewer main is laid along the eastern cadastral boundary of Portions 1 to 3,
discharging into a manhole located at the low point of Ptn 2.

Design Considerations

2.1. Objective
The SANRAL Design Manual, 6th Edition, dated September 2013 was used. The manual works
on the basis that the design of a stormwater drainage system is based on the requirement that
the pre-development run-off from the site is not to be exceeded by the post development run-
off. This requirement is to be implemented for up to and including the 50 year recurrence
interval flood. For residential considerations, only the 10 and 50 year storm return periods
were investigated and catered for.

3. Methodology
3.1. Runoff Coefficient (C)
The rational method was used to determine both the pre-development and post-development
10 and 50 year recurrence interval flood peaks. The steps taken to determine the peak runoff
and attenuation required are set out in the following manner:

3.1.1. Pre-development
The pre-development runoff coefficient for the site was calculated as a weighted average,
considering the varying surfaces within the site and the different proportions of the site that
each surface covers. The pre-development catchment areas were defined using the following
parameters: steepness, soil permeability and vegetation. Both sites are treated as having a
uniform catchment area, depicted in a layout in Appendix C. The runoff coefficient for each
catchment area is outlined in Appendix D. The average site pre-development runoff coefficient
was 0.28.

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

3.1.2. Post-development
The sites are split into two post-development catchment areas. The western portion comprises
half of the site and will be developed for residential use. The remaining half, on the eastern
boundary, will remain undeveloped, vegetated land, accounting for the wetland area.

The post-development runoff coefficient was set as C=0.60 for all areas (applied in Appendix
D), as called for in the SANRAL Drainage Manual. The post-development catchment areas
are shown in Appendix C.

3.2. Time of Concentration (Tc)

3.2.1. Pre-development
The longest estimated flow path measured was 25 m. Using the KERBY formula, the time of
concentration (Tc) was calculated to be 2 minutes; therefore, lower than the suggested
minimum. A minimum,15-minute time of concentration was used to determine the design
rainfall and rainfall intensities.

3.2.2. Post-development
The longest estimated flow path to the attenuation pond is 30 m, and the velocity estimated
between 1.5-2.5m/s, hence the time of concentration (Tc) was calculated to be <10min.
Therefore, the minimum Tc of 15 min was adopted.

3.3. Rainfall Intensity (I)

Rainfall intensities were derived from the SANRAL rainfall database using the latitude and
longitude of the site. The Manual suggests minimum times of concentration for pre and post
development scenarios. These parameters yielded the following rainfall intensities:

Return Period Rainfall Intensities

10 years 64 mm/hr

50 years 132 mm/hr

3.4. Application of the Rational Method

The total site runoff was determined using the rational method. The equation used for the
rational method is shown below and details of the calculations are shown in Appendix D.

𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑒 = 𝐶 × 𝐼 × 𝐴 × 𝑓𝑡

𝑄𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 = 𝐶 × 𝐼 × 𝐴

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

The unit hydrograph method was applied to determine the storage volumes for each required
return interval. The equation used to calculate the storage volumes required is shown below:

1
𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 2 × {2 × 𝑇𝑐 × (𝑄𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 𝑄𝑝𝑟𝑒 )}

50 year Flood Portion 1 Portion 2

Pre Development Flow 0.01418 m³/s 0.01546 m³/s

Post Development Flow 0.00650 m³/s 0.00686 m³/s

Attenuation Volume 6.91 m³ 8.07 m³

3.5. Reticulation Design

The stormwater reticulation within the site is designed to accommodate a flood with a 10 year
recurrence interval. The reticulation comprises a series of channels, 160mm Ø PVC
downpipes, concrete pipes, brick manholes, catchpits and finally 160mm gravity stormwater
mains to collect the aforementioned.

3.6. Attenuation Tank Design

The attenuation pond is designed based on the storage volume for a flood with a 50-year
recurrence (8.07 m³). The tanks will be constructed in brick and prestressed lintols,
constructed close to, and below the dwellings, to the west and east of the dwellings I and 2
respectively.

Contemporary applications suggest that ‘the static water head generated in the attenuation
tank when the 50-year post development calculated storage volume is reached should not
result in a greater discharge from the attenuation tank than the 50 year pre-development
runoff calculated.

This rule was applied to determine the configuration of the 3 no. outlet manholes for the tanks.
The outlet manholes are designed to ensure that the total post-development Q50 site runoff
is attenuated to the total pre-development Q50 site runoff.

To achieve this, a flood routing exercise was carried out. Orifices of varying dimensions were
positioned at specific heights within the outlet manholes. The first orifice drains the 10-year
predevelopment flow; the second and third, in conjunction with the first orifice, progressively
drain the 50-year predevelopment flow. The top weir also provides an outlet in the event that
the orifice outlets become blocked or inundated by flows exceeding a Q50. These calculations

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

are shown in Appendix D. To minimize the volume of water discharged directly into the
wetland, the bottom of the tanks will be provided with a layer of geotextile laid directly on the
natural earth, with a 75 mm thick layer of “No-fines” concrete forming the base of the tank.

3.7. Outlet Design

The discharge pipes from the two outlet manholes in the attenuation pond will run a short
distance, say 10 metres, to discharge onto a 1.5 m x 1.5 m Reno mattress in the wetland to
avoid any scour.

4. Summary
All runoff from the development will be collected by a network of pipes and catchpits that run
around the building and ultimately discharge into an underground stormwater attenuation tank.

The stormwater reticulation network proposed has sufficient capacity to accommodate the flow
rates and velocities resulting from a 1 in 10 year storm event (Q10) without flooding.

The design of the tanks provides sufficient attenuation to ensure that the total site post-
development runoffs is limited to pre-development runoffs for a storm with recurrence interval
up to 50 years.

Therefore, by implementing the above management plan, the total post-development site
runoff will not exceed the total pre-development site runoff for the 1:10 and 1:50 recurrence
intervals storms, as required by the Local Municipality

Drawings and calculations to this effect are presented in Appendices A, B, C, D, and E of this
report.

Alastair Johnston
Pr Eng 691190
May 2023

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

Appendix A Site Layout

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

Appendix B Pre-Development Catchment Areas

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

Appendix C Post-development Catchment Areas

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

Appendix D Design Flood and Attenuation Calculations

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First Exchange (Pty) Ltd.
Zimbali Estates: Portions 1 & 2 of Erf 415
Stormwater Management Plan

Appendix E Flood Hydrographs

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