10/9/2021

BIM AND
CONSTRUCTION
PHD. NGUYEN ANH THU

Chapter 3
BIM AND CONSTRUCTION

Editor Team:
PhD. Nguyen Anh Thu
Le My Uy Nhu
Nguyễn Hồng Sơn

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REFERENCE

Overview of BIM
The Virtual in Construction
Job Trailer 01
07
Model
Chapter 3 02
Coordination
Better Field BIM AND
Information 06
CONSTRUCTION
03
BIM Scheduling
05
BIM and Safety 04

Completing
Feedback Loop

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1. Overview of BIM
in Construction

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In the field,
BIM is used to:
1. Manage in-field clash detection
2. Clarify scope and work packages
3. Update model-derived estimates (5D)
4. Manage material inventory
5. Perform 4D scheduling updates
6. Analyze physical construction
information

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7. Create a field sequencing clash detection

8. Clarify the installation of fabricated
components
9. Enhance on-site safety efforts
10. Add as-built and in-field model information
11. Develop better recovery schedules through
(5D) scenario building
12. Use BIM for punch lists
13. Prepare the model for project closeout

2. Model
Coordination

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• Model coordination is not limited

to clash detection.

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• In fact, the more models leveraged

and used to understand and
simulate actual construction, the
better.

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• The term model coordination: coordinate or

simulate some portion of construction.
• Whether this is systems coordination,
scheduling, takeoff validation, model overlays,
or other uses, coordination in this context
means using BIM data to better inform physical
work product to follow.

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BIM and Site Coordination

• Involve sustainable site management, building

component tracking, commissioning, GIS, GPS
material location, scheduling, and so on.
• Site work is unique because in many cases using
BIM technologies goes further into more specific
technologies that assist in a more coordinated
project and integration

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The Site Logistics Plan

• Site coordination refers to the

organization of the site,
materials, equipment, safety,
and site security.

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The Site Logistics Plan

• The site logistics plan that will play an

important role in creating communication is
often placed in the job trailer and posted on
the wall or accessible on the project
dashboard for reference.
• A BIM solution to this complex site
coordination could be a sequencing animation
or a series of site logistics plans.

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The Site Logistics Plan

A Material Concern On-site:
• what the material is?
• where the material is going?

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The Site Logistics Plan

Current technologies

The use of RF ID tags:

• RF ID tags can also be enabled with
GPS locators
• Support to the project manager view where the
building components
• Paired with a BIM model, through the use of
handheld computers, scanners, and GPS
• Equipment, cranes, bulldozers, and lifts.

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The Site Logistics Plan

Current technologies

Future construction
procurement and project
management, Sources: Ruwini
Edirisinghe, 2018

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The Site Logistics Plan
Current technologies
• RF ID and GPS tags on equipment is
particularly interesting to construction
managers
• RF ID tags could added to a web
calendar for maintenance reminders
• Combined with BIM and existing
construction snapshot views to gauge
construction progress.

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Focus on delivering
and resolving model
conflicts

Conflict resolution
path, Sources: Brad
Hardin , et al., 2015

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Composite Modeling

• Modeling Compilation Strategy

• Combines The 3D Information Into A Single
Shared File
• A fast-track project using BIM
• Created From The Same Or Different
Pieces Of Software: can be compiled for
analysis and advanced visualization

4D Simulation Model

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• Navisworks is collaboration software that allows a design team to

share, combine, review, and find solutions to correct a BIM model and
3D files using a 3D viewer

• Navisworks is not modeling software but rather analysis software

• The NWD file type saves all loaded models, environments, views, and
other input into a single version of a file.

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Navisworks Application

• Define The Systems To

Test Against
• Compare Files Against
• Use Search Sets
• Use Selection Sets

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1. Appending the
NWD mechanical file

2. Opening the
Clash Detective window

3. Opening The Find

Items Window For
Create A Search Set

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4. Opening Search Selection

and Entering the Find Item

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Clash Detection

• Scenario clashes should be addressed as a whole, from the micro

to the macro;
• Future industry trends will reduce the amount of effort required
in conflict detection with cloud-based collaboration and modeling
platforms such as BIM 360 Glue;

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Fabrication
These are some examples where 3D
fabrication exists:
⦁⦁ Structural steel: Columns,
beams, rebar, joists, and bracing
⦁⦁ MEP components: Ductwork,
conduit, equipment, piping
⦁⦁ Precast concrete: Custom
shapes, patterns, and reinforcing

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Fabrication
⦁⦁ CIP concrete: Reinforcing layouts,
component numbering
⦁⦁ Specialty items: Custom handrails,
brackets, and sunshades
⦁⦁ Glazing systems: Customized assembly
systems, connections, details
⦁⦁ Other items: Furniture, signage, site
features, sculpture

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Fabrication
• Construction manager, ability to receive shop drawings from BIM-enabled
subcontractors during the documentation and compilation
• Subcontractors through computer automation of production by computer
numerical control (CNC), which reduces coordination time
• BIM is most applicable to the engineered-to-order (ETO) components of
the three categories: structural, mechanical, and specialty items

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Fabrication

• The approach is a streamlined

process of BIM design and virtual
construction (VDC).
• Information and integration of
models are directly proportional to
project accuracy and reduces
overall unknowns.

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The Sent to Fabrication
Proficient
fabricator’s the utilization
model is a machin of BIM
true es to coordinatio
representati constru n during
on ct fabrication

BIM-as-built directly applies to lean construction coordination

Lean production and procurement

Procure and Reduces Reduces total

Limits the Reduces Improves
fabricate overage on costs and
amount of paper procurement
components ordering and shop drawing
rework waste coordination
accurately waste time

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Refinement of BIM from design to

fabrication, Sources: Brad Hardin , et al., 2015

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• Although some of these processes

might overlap, the overall
refinement of the VDC BIM to a
fabrication model is developed in
tandem with the actual project
design.

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• The level of detail allows the

construction manager to associate
even more advanced 4D scheduling
capabilities
• The ability to produce more
detailed scheduling coordination is
possible constructed virtually

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BIM can be
leveraged for:
• Clash detection.
• Clash sequencing.
• Increased schedule visualization.
• Clearance clash detection.
• Reverse clash detection.
• Trade coordination.

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Sequencing Conflict
• The sequencing tool is powerful and, when
used in tandem with a solid BIM strategy, can
be used to better coordinate and create
efficiencies in the amount of time it takes to
review 4D construction issues.

Navisworks can also create clash detection Establishing the model

reports tied to a “simulation,” or schedule. clash parameters

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3. BIM
Scheduling

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The schedule is one of the driving factors in the success of any project
and is a critical component to all team members as it provides guidance to
where and when perform work.

Reflects •  Crew
experience  Material lead times
with
construction  Weather
timing  Equipment concerns

One of the main goals of BIM is to physically simulate the building, so

scheduling is a key component of BIM's effectiveness.

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The subsequent revisions inefficiency
and schedule accuracy:
• It can provide the construction
manager with more time to further
coordinate other tasks.
• It can mitigate many of the issues
associated with schedule
misinterpretation and accuracy
through enhanced visualization by
linking the schedule to the virtual
construction.

Updating a BIM schedule is a continuous task through a project,

Sources: Brad Hardin , et al., 2015

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In a BIM process, the

advantage to working
that model sharing is
critical to
accomplishing
integration is
threefold:

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Early coordination
exchange is
facilitated in the
design phase

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There is a cost-saving in not

allotting additional resources
to remodeling a structure
each time. Creating a
secondary construction BIM
model is typically a waste of
resources in a project and
introduces risk in versioning
control

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The team works from

one single source of
truth, coordinating once
instead of twice

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Attaching search sets to the schedule

The software can be used for planning as well as
for tracking projects once they are under way.
Schedules are constantly updated, and the software
helps update the project’s schedule.

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Regardless of the tool choice, the creation

of sequence simulations takes effort the
first time they are built, but updates usually
take much less time to create.

Use a scheduling animation in the field to

visually represent the degree of
completeness for the project, which helps
assign some visual basis of completion to
contractors and subcontractors.

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BIM bridges the gap

between model
components and
schedules and is an
invaluable tool to the
construction manager.

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4. Completing the
Feedback Loop

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Feedback loops have

typically have not been a
focus for many construction
management firms as most
of the attention is directed
to where work is occurring.

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Determining the amount of work put in place against a total

subcontract value to determine the proper amount to bill

• How many pieces of material are needed to make sure construction

flows smoothly?
• How can you tell if you are on schedule? So project managers can
make accurate status updates to leadership?
• As issues pop up, how are you able to get them answered and
resolved as quickly as possible?

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BIM MAJOR AREAS
COMPLETE THE FEEDBACK LOOP

01 02 03 04 05
Systems Installation Installation Construction Field issue
installation management verification activity management
tracking

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SYSTEMS
INSTALLATION
Color coding
should be able to
handle the
components
modeled within a
structure

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SYSTEMS INSTALLATION
At a high level, components may be broken down and
color-coded as follows to track project progress:

•Awaiting shop drawing approval—cyan

•Shop drawings approved, in fabrication—dark blue
•Fabrication complete, materials en route—orange
•Materials on-site, uninstalled—pink
•Materials on-site, installed—green
•Materials installed and commissioned—yellow
•Scope complete—gray

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This technology will be

improved as a way to
visually confirm
construction progress in
conjunction with the use of
a cloud-based collaboration
tool or a shared VDI/VDE
environment, isolation, and
progress analysis.
construction level in the
field to ensure more
accurate invoicing and
forecasting is effective

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Material and delivery Using BIM for materials management is a key
constraints guarantee component of completing a critical feedback
progress, as well as the loop that construction managers have to take
site, may not be able to care of
accommodate or store
materials, especially for
complex projects in
urban environments, so
it is important to must
understand how much of
each material is needed
to ensure a good project
flow

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Delivering Work Using
Vico uses bounding boxes to organize and
LBS and Lean
simulate work using the composite BIM to
This method of slicing develop the schedule.
and dicing the model to
develop installation
scenarios also allows
users to optimize the
VICO OFFICE LOGIC
construction schedule
based on production
rates, crew sizes, and
quantities.

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Installation verification
• BIM already has a role in installing work
in the field
• 3D laser scanning is a process that uses
a scanning terminal to capture high-
density 3D geospatial data from the
environment
• Each scan produces a “point cloud” that
can be compiled with other point clouds,
similar to a geographical survey

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Installation verification
Determine whether or not the
installed work is intolerant

Once the final point cloud is created, it can be

converted to a model or imported directly into
composite model viewing tools such as Autodesk
Navisworks, Bentley Pointools, or Tekla BIMsight
for analysis

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Construction
activity tracking
Construction activity tracking builds on the
work done in installation management, where
the model has been used to show how a project
will be constructed using LBS.
Pull Plan is a SaaS tool that combines the lean methodology of
planning with “sticky notes” and a cloud-based task notification
system that alerts teams when they have tasks coming up or
at task completion to select whether the activity has been
completed on time

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One of the biggest

constraints is not in
the identification of the
issue at hand, but
rather the speed and
response to issues in a
timely manner.

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RFIs Feedbacks
Field issue management
The information then bounces back Approval

and forth to ensure that the issue is Implementation

understood until an answer is given
or another direction is provided as Collaborate on a Model
RFIs, RFAs or other officially issued
Web Meetings
clarification through Procore,
ProjectWise or Prolog, some cases of Skype, FaceTime,
late response incur costs. and Google Hangouts

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Field issue management

Using Model Links

Collaborate on a Model via

Web Meetings

Using In-field Videos

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5. BIM
and Safety

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The uses for BIM as it pertains to

safer work include the following:
• Fall protection analysis
• 4D site logistics simulations showing
on which days certain areas of a site
are dangerous
• Safety training and site orientation
• Increased prefabrication efforts to
minimize ladder times and unsafe
installation positions

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The uses for BIM as it pertains to

safer work include the following:
• Fall protection analysis
• 4D site logistics simulations showing
on which days certain areas of a site
are dangerous
• Safety training and site orientation
• Increased prefabrication efforts to
minimize ladder times and unsafe
installation positions

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Drones and Photogrammetry

for Safer Reality Capture

• This would allow information to be

safely and accurately gathered, as well
as HD photos to be taken without the
unnecessary risk of sending personnel
that high above the ground.
• The results are a full 3D Revit model
and a mass model with HD photos
layered on top, as shown here.

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6. Producing Better Field Information

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Beginning with the End in Mind

• In the beginning, the design industry

looked at BIM as a way to create
drawings faster, and many believe that
this is the best use for this AEC
industry-changing tool.
• Because the information was not clear,
the construction team had to seek more
information from the design team to
define and clarify the intent.

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Beginning with the End in Mind
• The relevance of the "design
intent" drawing in today's modern
world and the other is a lack of
recognition of how new technology
will change our industry practices.
• A big part of the work Virtual
Builders is doing is to challenge
and understand where existing
tools, processes and behaviors can
be improved on or completely
altered for the better.

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Beginning with the End in Mind

The ability to link components to

information is now readily available in
modeling and analysis platforms alike.
Systems such as InterSpec’s e-SPECS
that connect specification data to
model data provide the opportunity to
get to necessary installation
information. You’ve seen how models
are being used for estimating and
integrated scheduling with Navisworks
and Vico.
Fiatech’s model roadmap vision

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In Navisworks, these are the three

tools used for commenting:

1. Comments These are associated with

clashes, saved views, selections sets,
tasks, and animations.
2. Redlining This is annotation that can be
added over a viewpoint.
3. Redline Tags These are tags used for
recording issues during a review, and
they combine the functionality of
comments, redlines, and viewpoints.

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7. The Virtual Job Trailer

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The Conference Room

• It is important that the room
itself facilitatesa
collaborative meetings.
• This includes the furniture,
room size, room layout, and
flexibility in configurations.

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The Plans and
Specifications Hub
The key factors are:
• Mobility
• Internet access
• A single repository of
project information that is
continually updated

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• The industry is seeing a reduction

in paper plans and specifications
on-site.
• These are being replaced by
servers linked to wireless
networks, which allow field
personnel to access
• The latest models and project
information at any given time.

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The Jobsite Office as a Server
• The jobsite office acts as the hub for the push and
pull of project information examples:
• The use of barcodes on hard hats to clock in and
out workers
• Management of materials and equipment that are
scanned with mobile devices to show status
• Safety reports that are automated and tied to
models for commenting on where safety can be
improved or where reported incidents occurred

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The Jobsite Office as a
Communication Hub
• Meeting participants were less
interested in seeing everyone’s
faces and more interested in
seeing the model and visually
following the discussion points.
• BIM is a great tool to use as a communication
vehicle during construction because it’s clear
and everyone can interpret the 3D environment.

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Factors to consider when deploying a
BIM enabled office are:
• Internet connection (type and speed)
• Viewing configuration (panel type)
• Conference room requirements
• Mobility considerations
(tablet and app support)
• Power demands
(charging devices and screens)
• Flexibility
• Collaboration space

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• The use of laser scanners, drones, and

robotic layout devices may very well shift
the technology needed on-site to support
their use.
• Often one of the biggest limitations to the
use of BIM in the field is the lack of
foresight by the contractor to plan and
budget for its use during construction.

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From design to fabrication to construction, BIM should be the means

by which a team references to and develops information.

The use of BIM on

construction sites
that create and
share better
information.

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The potential is great, yet it is

important that tools be developed in
the area of construction
administration that address more
accurate modeling and analysis
strategies while having the courage
to question and remove antiquated
processes when needed.

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The BIM process during

construction administration is
continually being refined.

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Although BIM aims to limit the negative variation of issues

and conflicts, construction is a complicated process, and it
is unrealistic to expect no surprises when construction
begins. This is where the value of a flexible process and
continued use of the model in the field can create
significant value as a resource to analyze and collaborate
on to arrive at solid solutions.

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