Salt Analysis Classxii
Salt Analysis Classxii
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
COLOUR - ---------------------
Identification of acid radicalS (Anions)
Preliminary Test
1. Take a small quantity of the Evolution of colourless, odourless gas CO32- may be present
salt in dry test tube and then With brisk effervescence, which turns
add dilute H2SO4 lime water milky
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Concentrated H2SO4 test
(Group II)
Cl- Br -– I - NO3-–
CH3COO –
(Group-III)
Test for Phosphate (PO43-)
►Ammonium molybdate
test
To the salt solution add
concentrated HNO3 & Yellow precipitate formed PO43- confirmed
ammonium molybdate and
heat
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►Magnesia Mixture test
Add Magnesia mixture to the White precipitate formed PO43- confirmed
salt solution
►BaCl2 Test
To the salt solution add White precipitate formed SO42- confirmed
BaCl2 solution
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Confirmatory Test (Group I)
Experiment Observation Inference
►BaCl2 test
Add BaCl2 solution to the salt
solution White precipitate formed SO32- confirmed
►Thiourea test
To the salt solution add acetic Red colour solution formed NO2- confirmed
acid and boil. To this add
thiourea and FeCl 3 solution.
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Confirmatory Test (Group II)
A Observation Inference
Experiment
►AgNO3 Test
To the salt solution add AgNO3 solution White precipitate formed Cl- Confirmed
●Pass reddish brown gas evolved into NaOH Yellow colour solution of
solution. Sodium Chromate formed
(Na2CrO4)
●To the yellow solution add acetic acid & lead .Yellow precipitate of lead
acetate solution chromate formed
-
Confirmatory Test for Br
►AgNO3 Test
To the salt solution add AgNO3 Pale yellow precipitate Br- confirmed
formed
►Chlorine water test
To the salt solution add Carbon Orange colour layer Br- confirmed
Tetrachloride(CCl4) & then Chlorine water & formed in solution
shake.
►AgNO3 Test
Add AgNO3 to the salt solution Bright yellow precipitate I- confirmed
formed
To the salt solution add Carbon Violet colour layer formed I- confirmed
Tetrachloride(CCl4) & then Chlorine water & in solution
shake.
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Experiment Observation Inference
►Diphenylamine test
To the salt solution add Di- Deep blue colour solution formed NO3- confirmed
Phenyl Amine
►Esterification test
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Identification Of Basic Radicals(Cations)
GROUP ANALYSIS
Experiment Observation Inference
Analysis of group O
Analysis of group-I
Analysis of group- II
Group II present
TO the above solution Black ppt formed Cu2+ present
pass H2S gas
Yellow ppt formed As3+ present
Observation Inference
Experiment
Confirmatory Test
For NH4 +
►K2CrO4 test
to the second part add Yellow precipitate formed Pb2+ confirmed
K2CrO4 solution
For group 2
a. Confirmatory Test
For Cu2+
Dissolve the black precipitate
in 50% concentrated HNO3
and divide the solution into
two parts..
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► NH4OH test blue colour solution formed Cu2+ confirmed
To one part add NH4OH.
►K4[Fe(CN)6] test
(pot.ferrocyanide) Chocolate brown precipitate formed Cu2+ confirmed
To the second part add
K4[Fe(CN)6] solution.
b Confirmatory Test
. For As3+
Dissolve the yellow ppt. in
concentrated HNO3 and
divide the solution into two
parts.
►►Ammonium molybdate
test
► K4[Fe(CN)6] test
To the one part add Deep blue colour formed Fe3+ confirmed
potassium ferrocyanide
solution
►KCNS test
to the second part add KCNS. Deep red colour formed Fe3+ confirmed
For group 4
a Confirmatory Test.For
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Zn2+
Dissolve the white precipitate
in dilute HCl and divide the Bluish white precipitate formed Zn2+ confirmed
solution into two parts
► K4[Fe(CN)6] test
To the one part add
Potassium ferrocyanide
solution
►NaOH test
Add NaOH to the second part White precipitate formed Zn2+ confirmed
►PbO2 test
Buff coloured precipitate to be Light pink (purple) colour solution Mn2+ confirmed
dissolved in Conc. HNO3and formed
add PbO2, boil and cool
1. For CO2+
►Ammonium Sulphocyanide
(NH4CNS) test. Blue colour solution formed CO2+ confirmed
Add NH4CNS to the one part.
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2. For Ni2+
Add Dimethyl glyoxine & Red rose precipitate formed. Ni2+ confirmed
NH4OH to the solution.
For group 5
a. Confirmatory Test
For Ba2+
►Pottasium chromate
(K2CrO4) test
To one part add Pottasium Yellow precipitate formed Ba2+ confirmed
chromate
For group 6
►Na2HPO4 test
TO the concentrated solution White precipitate formed Mg2+ confirmed
add Na2HPO4 &NH4OH
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NOTE ( Key points)
Acid radicals
Group- II Cl- ,Br- I- ,NO3-, CH3COO- Conc. H2SO4 with dry salt
Basic radicals
Classification of basic radicals
Group III Fe3+ ,Al3+ NH4Cl and NH4OH (dil HCl+ NH4Cl and NH4OH)
Group IV CO2+, Ni2+,Mn2+,Zn2+ H2S gas (NH4Cl and NH4OH+ H2S gas)
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