LESSON 3.

VALUES FORMATION
TOPICS
1. Leadership
2. Self-awareness
3. Good Citizenship Values

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. improve the level of self-awareness by having better
mental health and stability;
2. acquire deeper knowledge about leading, working thru
challenges and improve relationship and operation;
and
3. appraise the importance of faith and family in the face
of changing community.

TOPIC 1: LEADERSHIP BASICS

What is leadership?

Leadership is a process by which an

executive can direct, guide and influence the
behavior and work of others towards
accomplishment of specific goals in a given
situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to
induce the subordinates to work with confidence
and zeal.

Leadership is the potential to influence

behaviour of others. It is also defined as the capacity to influence a group towards the realization
of a goal. Leaders are required to develop future visions, and to motivate the organizational
members to want to achieve the visions.

According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined
objectives enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it
towards goals.”

Characteristics of Leadership
 1. It is an inter-personal process in which a manager is into influencing and guiding workers
towards attainment of goals.
2. It denotes a few qualities to be present in a person which includes intelligence, maturity
and personality.
3. It is a group process. It involves two or more people interacting with each other.
4. A leader is involved in shaping and moulding the behaviour of the group towards
accomplishment of organizational goals.
5. Leadership is situation bound. There is no best style of leadership. It all depends upon
tackling with the situations.

Importance of Leadership

Leadership is an important function of management which helps to maximize efficiency

and to achieve organizational goals. The following points justify the importance of leadership in
a concern.

1. Initiates action- Leader is a person who starts the work by communicating the policies
and plans to the subordinates from where the work actually starts.

2. Motivation- A leader proves to be playing an incentive role in the concern’s working. He

motivates the employees with economic and non-economic rewards and thereby gets the
work from the subordinates.

3. Providing guidance- A leader has to not only supervise but also play a guiding role for
the subordinates. Guidance here means instructing the subordinates the way they have to
perform their work effectively and efficiently.

4. Creating confidence- Confidence is an important factor which can be achieved through

expressing the work efforts to the subordinates, explaining them clearly their role and
giving them guidelines to achieve the goals effectively. It is also important to hear the
employees with regards to their complaints and problems.

5. Building morale- Morale denotes willing co-operation of the employees towards their
work and getting them into confidence and winning their trust. A leader can be a morale
booster by achieving full co-operation so that they perform with best of their abilities as
they work to achieve goals.

6. Builds work environment- Management is getting things done from people. An efficient
work environment helps in sound and stable growth. Therefore, human relations should
be kept into mind by a leader. He should have personal contacts with employees and
should listen to their problems and solve them. He should treat employees on
humanitarian terms.
 7. Co-ordination- Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling personal interests
with organizational goals. This synchronization can be achieved through proper and
effective co-ordination which should be primary motive of a leader.
Qualities of a Leader

A leader has multidimensional traits in him, which makes him appealing and effective in
behavior. The following are the requisites to be present in a good leader:

1. Physical appearance- A leader must have a pleasing appearance. Physique and health
are very important for a good leader.

2. Vision and foresight- A leader cannot maintain influence unless he exhibits that he is
forward looking. He has to visualize situations and thereby has to frame logical
programmes.

3. Intelligence- A leader should be intelligent enough to examine problems and difficult

situations. He should be analytical who weighs pros and cons and then summarizes the
situation. Therefore, a positive bent of mind and mature outlook is very important.

4. Communicative skills- A leader must be able to communicate the policies and

procedures clearly, precisely and effectively. This can be helpful in persuasion and
stimulation.

5. Objective- A leader has to be having a fair outlook which is free from bias and which
does not reflect his willingness towards a particular individual. He should develop his
own opinion and should base his judgement on facts and logic.

6. Knowledge of work- A leader should be very precisely knowing the nature of work of
his subordinates because it is then he can win the trust and confidence of his
subordinates.

7. Sense of responsibility- Responsibility and accountability towards an individual’s work

is very important to bring a sense of influence. A leader must have a sense of
responsibility towards organizational goals because only then he can get maximum of
capabilities exploited in a real sense. For this, he has to motivate himself and arouse and
urge to give best of his abilities. Only then he can motivate the subordinates to the best.
8. Self-confidence and will-power- Confidence in himself is important to earn the
confidence of the subordinates. He should be trustworthy and should handle the situations
with full will power. (You can read more about Self-Confidence.

9. Humanist-This trait to be present in a leader is essential because he deals with human

beings and is in personal contact with them. He has to handle the personal problems of
his subordinates with great care and attention. Therefore, treating the human beings on
humanitarian grounds is essential for building a congenial environment.
 10. Empathy- It is an old adage “Stepping into the shoes of others”. This is very important
because fair judgement and objectivity comes only then. A leader should understand the
problems and complaints of employees and should also have a complete view of the
needs and aspirations of the employees. This helps in improving human relations and
personal contacts with the employees.

Leadership Style

1. Autocratic- This is part of the old style of leadership however it could still be use and
proven effective in the urgent situation or in instance that the team needed a quick
solution. In this kind of style, the leader is in the one in control of everything, the
members are not allowed to express their ideas nor give some input. The leader
usually uses the reward and punishment system to solicit cooperation from the
members.

This style of leadership is effective when:

a. The staff needed guidance and most of the members are new
b. The time to do a certain task is limited
c. The team needed to coordinate with other department
d. The other members wanted to challenge the power of the leader

2. Bureaucratic- This style of leadership style is managed by the book. The leader only
relies on the policies and base the decision on the written rules or manual.

This style of leadership is effective when:

a. The staff needs to do a repetitive task everyday
b. The transaction had something to do with money
c. The work is for safety and security

3. Democratic- This style of leadership is also known as participative leadership since it

encourages participation from the members and staff. The leader usually solicits
suggestions and ideas coming from his or her followers and he or she also informs all
the staff about the different outcomes of their decisions. In this kind of style, the staff
can have developed a high morale since the leader make them feel that they are
essential part of the team.

This style of leadership is effective when:

a. The staff are responsible and productive
b. The leader wants his or her staff to develop a high sense of commitment to their job
c. The team is facing a large and complex problem which also needs a lot of inputs from
different people.
d. The leader wanted to encourage team building and participation
 4. Laissez Faire- This style is also known as the hands-off style, since the leader allows
the staff and members to do their own, make their own solution and execute the task
according to their will. The leader had no instruction or guidance to the staff and let
them enjoy their total freedom.

This style of leadership is effective when:

a. The staffs or members are highly skilled, educated and had a lot of experience about
the task or operation.
b. The staff had commitment and willing to take the responsibilities in terms of the
outcome of their decisions.

5. Transformational- This style of encourages the members to developed their own

vision and mission as essential part of the team. The leader can influence the staff and
members to work beyond what is expected and to offer commitment to the attainment
of the goal.

This style of leadership is effective when:

a. The members and staff are willing to change for the attainment of the goal.
b. The members are committed to work beyond what is expected
c. The members had high morale and responsible

How to be a Good Leader - What makes Leadership Effective?

Leadership is a significant aspect of management. In order to ensure organizational

success, co-operation from subordinates as well as greater efficiency, it is important for a
manager to be a great, effective and a true leader. An effective and true leader is one who does
not put himself before others. He is very humble, deferential and altruistic.

The required aspects of effective leadership are as follows:

 Motivation
 Commitment
 Self-sacrifice
 Honesty
 Determination
 Resourcefulness
 Daring
 Knowledge
 Good communication skills
 Passion
 Responsibility https://thehubforstartups.com/2015/03/03/guest-
 Judgement article-do-good-leaders-make-good-managers/
 Leadership is boosting an individual’s performance to a greater benchmark, the
developing of an individual’s personality crossing its standard boundaries. It is a combo of mind
frames, traits, skills, and knowledge. Leadership means adhering to the following principles:

 Respect your followers.

 Acknowledge the followers’ efforts if there is success, and do not blame them for
any failure.
 Encourage participation of all in decision-making.
 Make the goals clear to all.
 Support the followers in accomplishing the objectives and in reaching their
potential.
 Discover efficient and economical ways of performing the task.
 Ensure proper and effective communication with the followers. There should be
no place for misunderstanding and misinterpretations.
 Be a trainer and not an opponent/critic.

An effective leader is one who meets the job requirements, team requirements as well as
individual requirements. While concentrating on the job, a leader would synchronize the
departmental goals with the organizational goals. He would ensure that the employees have the
required skills and competencies for performing the job effectively and efficiently. He would
provide the employees the essential resources for performing the job such as time, knowledge
and equipment. He would ensure that employees have no difficulty in performing the tasks
assigned to them. And finally, an effective leader would review progress and give the employees
feedback of their performance.

When a leader is focusing on people, he must be compassionate and empathic. He should

listen to the employees with understanding. He must respect their views and ideas. He must train
and coach them and make an effort to eliminate unnecessary obstacles from the employees’ work
responsibilities.

Finally, when an effective leader focuses on team, he should coordinate team’s efforts. He
must celebrate team’s success. He should review and promote friendly and social environment.
He should develop a team spirit and achievement sense among the employees as a team.

Task/Activity

Answer the following questions based on your own opinion.

1. Discuss briefly the important objectives of leadership.

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2. Considering the characteristics of a good leader of the Filipinos nowadays, what do

you think is the best leadership style to be adopted?
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TOPIC 2: SELF-AWARENESS

Self-awareness involves being aware of

different aspects of the self, including traits,
behaviors, and feelings. It is the first components
of the self-concept. It becomes woven into the
fabric of who you are and emerges at different points depending on the situation and your
personality.

People are not born completely self-aware however; research also found that infants do
have a rudimentary sense of sense-awareness. Infants possess the awareness that they are a
separate being from others, which is evidences by behaviors such rooting reflex in which an
infant search for a nipple when something brushes against his or her face.

Types of Self-Awareness

(Source:https://medium.com/fhsaplang/the- 1. Public Self-Awareness

importance-of-self-awareness-fc6ed8d897bf)

This type emerges when people are

aware of how they appear to others. Public self-awareness often emerges in situations
when people are at the center of attention, such as giving presentation or talking to a
group of friends.

This type of self-awareness often compels people to adhere to social norms. When
we are that we are being watched and evaluated, we often try to behave in ways that are
socially acceptable and desirable.

Public self-awareness can also lead to anxiety in which people become distresses,
anxious, or worried how they are perceived by others.

2. Private Self-Awareness

This type happens when people become aware of some aspects of themselves, but
only in a private way.

For example, seeing your face in the mirror is a type of private self-awareness.
Feeling your stomach lurch when you realize you forgot to study for an important test or
feeling your heart flutter when you see someone you are attracted.

Self-concept vs Self-awareness

Self-concept is generally thought of our individual perceptions of our behavior, abilities

and unique characteristic. The question that we often heard “who am I?” while self-awareness is
our understanding of ourselves. Our strengths, weaknesses, ideas, thoughts, beliefs, etc.
Importance of Self-awareness

Self-awareness plays a critical role in how we understand ourselves and how we relate to
others. It is our first step to overcome our weaknesses and practice introspection. It will
eventually lead to a meaningful and driven life.
 “In our personal lives, if we do not develop our own self-awareness and become
responsible for first creations, we empower other people and circumstances to shape our lives by
default.”

STEPHEN COVEY

Task/Activity

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on the space provided. Please
take note that there is no right or wrong about your answer. It is only an exercise of assessing
yourself.

1. What am I good at?

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2. What am I so-so at?
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3. What am I bad at?
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4. What makes me tired?
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5. What is the most important thing in my life?
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6. Who are the most important people in my life?
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7. How much sleep do I need?
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8. What stresses me out?
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9. What relaxes me?

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10. What’s my definition of success?

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11. What type of worker am I?
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12. How do I want others to see me?
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13. What makes me sad?
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14. What makes me happy?
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15. What makes me angry?
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16. What type of person do I want to be?
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17. What type of friend do I want to be?

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18. What do I think about myself?
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19. What things do I value in life?
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20. What makes me afraid?
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TOPIC 3: GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

 “We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of almighty God, in order to
build a just and humane society and establish a government that shall embody our ideas
and aspirations, to promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and
secure to ourselves and our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy, under
the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love equality and peace, do ordain
and promulgate this constitution.”

PREAMBLE, CONSTITUTION OF THE

PHILIPPINES

Good Citizenship Values from the Preamble

A. Pro – God 1. Faith in Almighty God

2. Respect for Life
3. Order
4. Work
5. Concern for the family and future generation
B. Pro – Country 1. Unity
2. Equality
3. Respect for Law and Government
4. Patriotism
5. Promotion of common good
C. Pro – People 1. Love
2. Freedom
3. Peace
4. Truth
5. Justice
D. Pro – Environment1. Concern for the environment

Task/Activity

I. Identify if the person in the following situation is a Filipino or not. Write your
answer on the line before the number.

___________1. Evangeline Glory was born in the Philippines with Filipino

parents.
___________2. Lucky was born in New York with Filipino parents.
___________3. Jose pledged allegiance to the US during the war.
 ___________4. Pepe was born before January 17, 1973 of American mother but,
Filipino father.
___________5. Grace renounced her Filipino citizenship.
___________6. Ms. Gina married a Swedish national.
___________7. Mr. Ong underwent the process of naturalization.
___________8. Luis served in the armed forces of other country.
___________9. Geneva was expatriated.
___________10. The application of Sherlyn for repatriation was approved.

Task/Activity

Plot of the movie: Miracles from Heaven (2016)

Set in Burleson, Texas, between 2008 and 2012, the film centers on a 10-year-old girl
named Anna (Kylie Rogers), daughter of Christy Beam (Jennifer Garner). One day, Anna starts
to vomit, and when is examined by her doctor, he does not find anything abnormal. On March
20, 2008, Anna wakes up her family at midnight because of an intense stomach pain, severe
enough that her parents decide to take her to the hospital. Doctors find no signs of illness, except
to say it could be either acid reflux, or lactose intolerance, but Christy is not convinced by this.

The following morning, Christy finally finds a pediatrician in the hospital that is able to
diagnose Anna with an abdominal obstruction, and he tells them he must operate immediately or
she will die. After the emergency surgery is performed, the doctor explains that Anna has been
left with pseudo-obstruction motility disorder and she is unable to eat, so feeding tubes are
needed for her nutrition. The doctor then tells the Beams about America's foremost pediatric
gastroenterologist, Dr. Samuel Nurko (Eugenio Derbez), who practices in Boston, but explains it
could take months for them to be seen. In January 2009, Christy and Anna travel
to Boston despite not having an appointment with the doctor.

Dr. Nurko has a last minute opening, and when Anna is subsequently examined at Boston
Children's Hospital, the extent of her chronic illness is found. She then goes through extensive
treatment. During this ordeal, Anna and her mother befriend a local Massachusetts resident
named Angela Bradford (Queen Latifah), as well as Ben (Wayne Peré) and his daughter, Haley
(Hannah Alligood) who has cancer.

On December 29, 2011, Anna, along with her bigger sister Abbie (Brighton Sharbino),
climb up to a very high branch of an old cotton tree. While they are on that branch, it begins to
break. Anna goes to the trunk for safety, whereupon stepping on it, she falls in a hole to the base
of the tree. When Christy finds out what has happened, she desperately calls her husband Kevin
(Martin Henderson), as well as the fire department. Anna is then rescued by the firefighters, who
warn Christy to expect the worst by saying that nobody could fall 30 feet without sustaining a
serious injury; broken bones or paralysis. Once out, Anna is airlifted to a hospital, where a
battery of tests are run on her, and all of the tests come back negative. Other than a minor
concussion, Anna is uninjured.

Sometime after the fall, Anna seems to no longer be affected by her illness. When Christy
and Anna go to an appointment with Dr. Nurko, he tells Christy that Anna is miraculously cured.
Anna then recounts with her parents the experience she had during the fall. She describes how
her soul left her body during the fall, and God promised that she would be cured of her illness
upon her return to Earth. At church, Christy shares the story of how God miraculously healed her
daughter with His love. As Christy finishes her speech, one of the congregation protests, stating
that he does not believe Christy. Ben, who has traveled from Boston upon hearing the story about
Anna, believes her and tells her that Haley died peacefully because Anna gave her faith when in
the hospital, making Anna cry because Hayley was her best friend.
Note:
This movie can be watched on Netflix or you may ask
your instructor to send you the copy of this movie.

Identify the pro-God values that shows on the movie: Miracles from Heaven. Write it on
the space provided below.
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Make a short poem that emphasizes the values included on pro-country. Write your
answer on the space provided.
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Based on the National Security Policy 2017-2022. Identify the pro-people and pro-
environment measures that the government had established. Write you answer on the space
provided.
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