Chapter 7 - Newton Third Law
Chapter 7 - Newton Third Law
Chapter 7 - Newton Third Law
1.4 Block A in Figure below is sliding down the incline. The rope is massless, and the massless pulley
turns on frictionless bearings, but the surface is not frictionless. The rope and the pulley are among the
interacting objects, but you’ll have to decide if they’re part of the system.
2. A
a. How much force does an 80 kg astronaut exert on his chair? [5.88 x 102 N]
b. How much force does the astronaut exert on his chair while accelerating straight up at 10 m/s2? [1.19 x
103 N]
3. A 1000 kg car pushes a 2000 kg truck that has a dead battery. When the driver steps on the
accelerator, the drive wheels of the car push against the ground with a force of 4500 N. Rolling
friction can be neglected.
a. What is the magnitude of the force of the car on the truck? [3000 N]
b. What is the magnitude of the force of the truck on the car? [3000 N]
4. Blocks with masses of 1 kg, 2 kg, and 3 kg are lined up in a row on a frictionless table. All three
are pushed forward by a 12 N force applied to the 1 kg block.
a. How much force does the 2 kg block exert on the 3 kg block? [5 N]
b. How much force does the 2 kg block exert on the 1 kg block? [8 N]
5. An 80 kg spacewalking astronaut pushes off a 640 kg satellite, exerting a 100 N force for the 0.50 s
it takes him to straighten his arms. How far apart are the astronaut and the satellite after 1.0 min?
[70.086 m]
6. The sled dog in Figure below drags sleds A and B across the snow. The coefficient of friction
between the sleds and the snow is 0.10. If the tension in rope 1 is 150 N, what is the tension in
rope 2? [270 N]
7. A 2.0-m-long, 500 g rope pulls a 10 kg block of ice across a horizontal, frictionless surface. The
block accelerates at 2.0 m/s2. How much force pulls forward on (a) the ice [20 N], (b) the rope? [21
N]
8. The cable cars in Cape Town (Table Mountain) are pulled along their tracks by an overhead steel
cable that moves along at 9.5 mph. The cable is driven by large motors at a central power station
and extends, via an intricate pulley arrangement, for several miles beneath the city streets. The
length of a cable stretches by up to 100 ft during its lifetime. To keep the tension constant, the
cable passes around a 1.5-m-diameter “tensioning pulley” that rolls back and forth on rails, as
shown in Figure below. A 2000 kg block is attached to the tensioning pulley’s cart, via a rope and
pulley, and is suspended in a deep hole. What is the tension in the cable car’s cable? [9800 N]
9. A mobile at the art museum has a 2.0 kg steel cat and a 4.0 kg steel dog suspended from a
lightweight cable, as shown in Figure below. It is found that 𝜃 = 20 when the center rope is
adjusted to be perfectly horizontal. What are the tension and the angle of rope 3? [36°, 67 N]
10. The 1.0 kg block in Figure below is tied to the wall with a rope. It sits on top of the 2.0 kg
block. The lower block is pulled to the right with a tension force of 20 N. The coefficient of
kinetic friction at both the lower and upper surfaces of the 2.0 kg block is 𝜇 = 0.40.
a. What is the tension in the rope attached to the wall? [3.9 N]
b. What is the acceleration of the 2.0 kg block? [2.2 m/s2]
11. The 100 kg block in Figure below takes 6.0 s to reach the floor after being released from rest. What
is the mass of the block on the left? The pulley is massless and frictionless. [99 kg]
12. Figure below shows two strong magnets on opposite sides of a small table. The long-range
attractive force between the magnets keeps the lower magnet in place.
a. Draw an interaction diagram and draw free-body diagrams for both magnets and the table. Use
dashed lines to connect the members of an action/reaction pair.
b. The lower magnet is being pulled upward against the bottom of the table. Suppose that each
magnet’s weight is 2.0 N and that the magnetic force of the lower magnet on the upper magnet
is 6.0 N. How hard does the lower magnet push against the table?
13. Figure below shows a 6.0 N force pushing two gliders along an air track. The 200 g spring between
the gliders is compressed. How much force does the spring exert on (a) glider A [4.1 N] and (b)
glider [3.2 N] B? The spring is firmly attached to the gliders, and it does not sag.
14. While driving to work last year, I was holding my coffee mug in my left hand while changing the
CD with my right hand. Then the cell phone rang, so I placed the mug on the flat part of my
dashboard. Then, believe it or not, a deer ran out of the woods and on to the road right in front of
me. Fortunately, my reaction time was zero, and I was able to stop from a speed of 20 m/s in a
mere 50 m, just barely avoiding the deer. Later tests revealed that the static and kinetic coefficients
of friction of the coffee mug on the dash are 0.50 and 0.30, respectively; the coffee and mug had a
mass of 0.50 kg; and the mass of the deer was 120 kg. Did my coffee mug slide?
15. A Federation starship (2.0 x 106 kg) uses its tractor beam to pull a shuttlecraft (2.0 x 104 kg) aboard
from a distance of 10 km away. The tractor beam exerts a constant force of 4.0 x 104 N on the
shuttlecraft. Both spacecraft are initially at rest. How far does the starship move as it pulls the
shuttlecraft aboard? [99 m]
16. The two blocks in Figure below are sliding down the incline. What is the tension in the massless
string? [0.61 N]
17. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the 2.0 kg block in Figure below and the table is 0.30.
What is the acceleration of the 2.0 kg block? [2.3 m/s2]
18. A 4.0 kg box is on a frictionless 35° slope and is connected via a massless string over a massless,
frictionless pulley to a hanging 2.0 kg weight. The picture for this situation is similar to Figure below.
a. What is the tension in the string if the 4.0 kg box is held in place, so that it cannot move? [19.6 N]
b. If the box is then released, which way will it move on the slope? [-0.48 m/s2]
c. What is the tension in the string once the box begins to move? [21 N]
19. The century-old ascensores in Valparaiso, Chile, are picturesque cable cars built on stilts to keep
the passenger compartments level as they go up and down the steep hillsides. As Figure below
shows, one car ascends as the other descends. The cars use a two-cable arrangement to compensate
for friction; one cable passing around a large pulley connects the cars, the second is pulled by a
small motor. Suppose the mass of both cars (with passengers) is 1500 kg, the coefficient of rolling
friction is 0.020, and the cars move at constant speed. What is the tension in (a) the connecting
cable [8 x 103 N] and (b) the cable to the motor? [4.8 x 102 N]
20. A 50-cm-diameter, 400 g beach ball is dropped with a 4.0 mg ant riding on the top. The ball
experiences air resistance, but the ant does not. What is the magnitude of the normal force exerted
on the ant when the ball’s speed is 2.0 m/s? [2.4 x 10-6 N]
21. The lower block in Figure below is pulled on by a rope with a tension force of 20 N. The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the lower block and the surface is 0.30. The coefficient of
kinetic friction between the lower block and the upper block is also 0.30. What is the acceleration
of the 2.0 kg block? [1.8 m/s2]
22. In Figure below, find an expression for the acceleration of m1. The pulleys are massless and
frictionless. Hint: Think carefully about the acceleration constraint.
23. What is the acceleration of the 3.0 kg block in Figure below across the frictionless table? Hint:
Think carefully about the acceleration constraint. [2.8 m/s2]