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Real Time Data

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83 views

Real Time Data

Uploaded by

Hemant Gautam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real Time Data

Real-time data refers to information that is made available for use as soon as it is generated.
Ideally, the data is passed instantly between the source and the consuming application but
bottlenecks in data infrastructure or bandwidth can create a lag. Real-time data is used in
time sensitive applications such as stock trading or navigation and it powers real-time
analytics, which brings in-the-moment insights and helps you quickly react to changing
conditions.

Real-Time Data Processing


To realize the full potential of data in real-time, you’ll need a broad cloud architecture. To
consume, store, enrich, and analyze data as it is generated, you can use stream processing
systems like Apache Kafka and “off-the-shelf” data streaming capabilities from a number of
cloud service companies. However, you may encounter issues when working with your
legacy databases or systems. Thankfully, you can also build your own custom data stream
using a robust ecosystem of tools, some of them open source.
Below we describe how real-time data processing works and the data streaming
technologies you need for each of the four key steps. What’s remarkable is that this entire
process takes place in milliseconds.
Real-Time Data Architecture

1. Aggregate Your Data Sources


Typical real-time data sources include IoT/sensors, server logs, app activity, online
advertising, and clickstream data. Connect all these data sources from your
transactional systems or your relational databases to a stream processor using a CDC
streaming tool.
2. Implement A Stream Processor
Using a tool such as Amazon Kinesis or Apache Kafka you then process your
streaming data on a record-by-record basis, sequentially and incrementally or over
sliding time windows. To keep up with fast moving big data, your stream processor
will need to be fast, scalable, and fault tolerant. You will also integrate it with
downstream applications for presentation or triggered actions.
3. Perform Real-Time Queries (Or Store Your Data)
Now your infrastructure needs to filter, aggregate, correlate, and sample your data
using a tool such as Google BigQuery, Snowflake, Dataflow, or Amazon Kinesis Data
Analytics. You can query the realtime data stream itself as it’s streaming using a
streaming SQL engine for Apache Kafka called ksqlDB. And, if you choose, you can also
store this data in the cloud for future use. For storage, you can use a database or cloud
data warehouse such as Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, or Google Storage.
4. Support Use Cases
Now your real-time is ready to support whatever use case you have in mind. A real-
time data analytics tool lets you conduct analysis, data science, and machine learning
or AutoML without having to wait for data to reside in a database. These tools can
also trigger alerts and events in other applications. Here are some specific use cases:
 Trigger events in other applications such as in ad buying software that buys
online advertising based on predefined rules or in a content publishing system
which makes personalized recommendations to users.
 Update data and calculations in time-sensitive apps such as stock trading,
medical monitoring, navigation, and weather reporting.
 Produce interactive data dashboards and visualizations that deliver alerts and
insights in real time.

Real-Time vs Batch
Today's data environments are too fast-moving for traditional batch processing. Batch
involves preconfigured, historical data sets which may support BI reporting but not real-
time decisions and actions. However, you may choose to employ both a batch layer and a
real-time layer to support the range of your data processing needs. Below is a side-by-side
comparison:
Real Time Batch
Data Ingestion Continual sequence of Batches of large data sets.
individual events.
Processing Processes only the most Processes the entire data
recent data event. sets.
Analytics Analysis of dynamic, time- Analysis of static, historical
sensitive data. data.
Query scope Only the most recent data The entire data set.
record.
Latency Low: data is available in High: data is available in
milliseconds or second. minutes to hours.

Real-Time Data vs Streaming Data


 Real-time data is defined by requirements of maximum tolerance of time to response–
typically sub-milliseconds to seconds. For example, a stock trading app requires
instant data updates.
 Streaming data is defined as continuous data ingestion and doesn’t specify time
constraints on time to response. For example, a sales dashboard for management
could use streaming data but be fine with near real-time updates.

Benefits
Real-time data is applied in nearly every industry today. This is because of the rapid pace of
modern business, high customer expectations for immediate personalization and response,
and the growth of real-time applications, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Here are the key benefits:
 Make Faster, Better Decisions
Using a real-time analytics tool, you can have in-the-moment understanding of what’s
happening in your business. This tool can automatically trigger alarms, develop
dashboards and reports, and other actions in response to realtime data. These timely
insights help you optimize your business faster than competitors. For example, your
revenue operations team will be able to spot revenue risks before they progress.
 Meet Customer Expectations
Customers today rely on applications that deliver time-sensitive data–such as
weather, navigation, and ride-sharing apps–and they expect this level of instant and
personalized service in all aspects of their life. Leveraging data in real time allows you
to provide your customers the information they need instantly.
 Reduce Fraud, Cybercrime, and Outages
Issues such as fraud, security breaches, production problems, and inventory outages
can escalate quickly and result in significant losses for your organization. Realtime
data lets you monitor every aspect of your business so that you can respond and
prevent these issues before they become critical.
 Reduce IT Infrastructure Expense
Working with data in real time allows you to better monitor and report on your IT
systems and take a more proactive approach to troubleshooting servers, systems, and
devices. Plus, realtime data is usually stored in lower volumes which results in lower
storage and hardware costs.

Challenges
There are a number of challenges in implementing real-time data in your organization. Most
are due to the character of the streaming real-time data itself, which flows continuously at
high velocity and volume and is often volatile, heterogeneous and incomplete.
 Latency
Real-time data quickly loses its relevance and value so your real-time data processing
usually can’t afford more than a second of latency.
 Fault Tolerance
Real-time data is continually flowing and your downstream applications often rely on
this constant flow to perform. So, your data pipeline must prevent disruptions while
managing data flows in a variety of formats from many sources.
 Scalability
Your data volume can spike quickly and vary greatly over time so your system should
be engineered to handle these fluctuations.
 Event Ordering
To support your downstream applications and resolve data discrepancies, you need
to know the sequence of events in the data stream.
 Cost
Your legacy systems will not support the demands of data processing in real-time. So,
you’ll need to invest in a new set of tools that can perform instant analysis on
continually flowing data. However, the benefits of implementing a real-time data
architecture result in a positive ROI over the long term.

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