1lecture 1

Environmental Engineering and
Science (HS103C)
Credit: 2
Dr. JYOTI KAINTHOLA
Course Faculty
Dr. Jyoti Kainthola Dr. Ritika Saini

(jyotikainthola@gmail.com) (ritika@iiitnr.edu.in)
Teaching Assistant
Rishika Baghel
Need of the course
S upreme Court Directive
The S upreme Court of India has issued several directives emphasizing the need for sustainable development and
environmental protection. These directives aim to ensure environmental balance and prevent ecological damage
caused by development activities.
Need of the course
Environmental Engineering in India/Developing

Countries
1 Resource Demand 2 Environmental Impact 3 Sustainable Solutions
Developing countries like India face Unplanned development activities Environmental engineering provides
significant challenges due to rapid often result in environmental solutions to address these challenges
urbanization, industrialization, and degradation, including air and water by implementing sustainable practices
population growth. These factors lead pollution, deforestation, and loss of and technologies that minimize
to increased demands for natural biodiversity. Environmental environmental damage while
resources, such as water, land, and engineering plays a crucial role in promoting development.
energy. mitigating these impacts.
Need of the course
Demand for R es ources and
Development Activities
1 R es ource E xtraction
Development activities require significant resources, such as minerals, timber, and
fossil fuels. These activities can have a detrimental impact on ecosystems and
biodiversity.
2 Infras tructure Development

Building roads, bridges, and other infrastructure projects often involve land clearing
and disruption of natural habitats. It's essential to minimize environmental damage
during these projects.
3 Indus trial Growth

Industrial activities can generate significant waste and pollutants, impacting air and
water quality. E nvironmental engineering plays a crucial role in reducing these
emissions.
Need of the course
B alanced Approach with Minimum

E nvironmental Impact
S us tainable Practices
Implementing sustainable practices like waste management, renewable energy
sources, and eco-friendly construction techniques helps minimize environmental
impact.
E nvironmental Impact As s es s ment

Conducting thorough environmental impact assessments before initiating
development projects allows for identifying potential risks and mitigation strategies.
Policy & R egulations

Strict environmental regulations and policies ensure compliance with sustainable
development goals and minimize the negative impacts of development activities.
UNIT I
Content
Earth Systems: A Symphony of Interactions
1 Lithosphere
The solid, rocky outer layer, including mountains, soil, and rocks, plays a crucial role in
shaping Earth's surface.
2 Hydrosphere
The interconnected water bodies, from oceans to rivers and glaciers, drive weather patterns
and support life.
3 Atmosphere
The gaseous layer surrounding Earth, protecting us from harmful radiation and regulating
climate.
4 Biosphere
The living world, including all plants, animals, and microorganisms, interacting with the other
spheres.
UNIT II
Content
Natural Resources: Sustaining Life

Renewable Resources Non-Renewable Resources Resource Management
Resources that can be replenished Ensuring sustainable use of

naturally within a human lifespan, Resources that are formed over resources by balancing consumption
such as solar energy, wind power, geological timescales and are finite, with the ability of natural systems to
and forests. including fossil fuels, minerals, and regenerate.
land.
UNIT III
Content
Ecosystems: Interconnected Webs of Life

1 Ecosystem Concept 2 Food Webs and Trophic Levels
A community of living organisms interacting with their The flow of energy through an ecosystem, with
physical environment, forming a complex web of producers, consumers, and decomposers playing
relationships. specific roles.
3 Biogeochemical Cycles 4 Major Ecosystems

The movement of essential elements, such as carbon, Diverse ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, aquatic
nitrogen, and phosphorus, through living and non-living environments, and deserts, each with unique
components of the ecosystem. characteristics and species.
UNIT IV
Content
Biodiversity: The Rich Tapestry of Life
Factors Influencing Biodiversity
Climate, habitat diversity, and evolutionary history all contribute to the variety of life in a region.
Types of Biodiversity
Biodiversity encompasses genetic diversity within species, species diversity within ecosystems, and
ecosystem diversity across the planet.
Importance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity provides ecosystem services, such as pollination, food production, and climate regulation.
Threats to Biodiversity
Habitat loss, pollution, invasive species, and climate change pose significant threats to biodiversity.
UNIT V
Content
Environmental Pollution: A Global
Challenge
Air Pollution
The presence of harmful substances in the air, impacting human health and the environment.
Water Pollution
Contamination of water bodies by pollutants, affecting aquatic life and human health.
Soil Pollution
The contamination of soil by pollutants, hindering plant growth and posing risks to human health.
UNIT VI
Content
Human Population and the
Environment: A Complex
Relationship
Population Demographic Population
Growth Transition Explosion
The increase in The shift in birth A rapid increase

human and death rates in population
population over that occurs as size, often
time. societies exceeding the
develop. carrying capacity
of the
environment.
UNIT VII Content
Social Issues and Sustainable
Development
Sustainable Development
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
Urban Challenges
Urban areas face unique challenges, including energy consumption, transportation,
and waste management.
Environmental Ethics
E thical frameworks that guide our relationship with the environment and determine our
responsibilities.
Environmental Legislation
Laws and regulations designed to protect the environment and ensure sustainable
resource use.
UNIT VIII
Content
Green Computing
Energy Efficiency
Reducing energy consumption of computers and data centers.
Sustainable Practices
Using recycled materials and minimizing waste in computer manufacturing.
Cloud Computing
Using cloud services to reduce the need for individual computers.
Suggested reference book
Marks distribution
Attendance- 5%
Quiz-1 15%
Quiz-2 15%
Quiz-3 15%
Quiz-4 (Supplementary)
End term 50%
THANK YOU

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Environmental Engineering and

Dr. Jyoti Kainthola Dr. Ritika Saini

S upreme Court Directive

Environmental Engineering in India/Developing

2 Infras tructure Development

3 Indus trial Growth

B alanced Approach with Minimum

E nvironmental Impact As s es s ment

Policy & R egulations

Natural Resources: Sustaining Life

Resources that can be replenished Ensuring sustainable use of

Ecosystems: Interconnected Webs of Life

3 Biogeochemical Cycles 4 Major Ecosystems

The increase in The shift in birth A rapid increase

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