Principles of Speech Writing - Chronological

- Comparison/contrast
- Problem-solution
- Think  Outline
- Write - Table format
- Edit - List format
- Polish

Speech Writing Process

The Writing Stage
- Conducting audience analysis
 Introduction
- Determining the purpose of the speech
- Foundation of your speech
- Selecting a topic
- Gets the attention of your audience
- Narrowing down a topic
 Body of the speech
- Gathering data
- Provides explanation, examples, or
- Selecting a speech pattern
details
- Preparing an outline
- Should only have one central idea
 Conclusion
- Creating the body of the speech
- Restates the main idea of your speech
- Preparing the introduction
- Provides a summary
- Preparing the conclusion
- Emphasizes the message

- Editing and/or Revising

- Rehearsing
The Editing Stage

 Editing/revising your written speech

Prewriting Stage
involves correcting errors in mechanics,
 Audience Analysis such as grammar, punctuation,
- Demography capitalization, unity, coherence, and
- Situation others.
- Psychology - Edit for focus
 Purpose - Edit for clarity
- To inform - Edit for concision
- To entertain - Edit for continuity
- To persuade - Edit for variety
 Select - Edit for impact and beauty
- Select a general topic  Rehearsing
 Narrow - Gives opportunity to identify what
- Make the topic specific works and what does not
 Gather - Reading your speech aloud helps
- Gather and collect data
 Writing pattern
- Biographical Guidelines in Speech Writing
- Categorical/topical
- Causal - Keep your words short and simple
 - Avoid jargons and technical terms 3. Manuscript
- Make your speech more personal - Speaking with advanced preparation
- Use active verbs and contractions - Planned and rehearsed speech
- Be sensitive to your audience - Reading aloud a written message
- Use metaphors and other figures of 4. Memorized
speech - Speaking with advanced preparation
- Manage your time well - Planned and rehearsed speech
- Reciting a written message word-for-
word from memory
Speech Delivery

Delivery for Different Situations

 Insights on Public Speaking
1. Speaking to a specific audience
- Aside from the speech content, delivery
- Audience size depends on the venue
is also essential.
size + you can determine your approach
- Good delivery means being able to
with your audience: more intimate and
present your message in a clear,
personal for a smaller size; more formal
coherent, and interesting way (Stephen
for a large size
Lucas, 2011)
- This can be challenging and intimidating
Types of Speech According to Purpose - Ask for organizers about the estimated
number of audience so you can adjust
1. Informative Speech your delivery
- Provides the audience with a clear - Practice your speech
understanding of a concept or idea. 2. Speaking in an open-air venue or
2. Entertainment Speech outside a building
- Is one whose sole purpose is to have - examples are open courts or grounds ,
the audience enjoy the presentation. football fields, farm, etc
3. Persuasive Speech + you will feel more relaxed due to the
- Seeks to provide the audience with atmosphere of the venue
favorable or acceptable ideas that can - you will encounter a lot of
influence their own ideas and decisions. communication barriers
- you might be forced to make
adjustments, especially in voice
Types of Speech According to Delivery projection
1. Extemporaneous - check the venue prior to your speaking
- Speaking with limited preparation engagement
- Guided by notes or outline - ask the organizers about the
- Delivered conversationally availability of equipment
- Most popular type - challenge yourself on how you can get
2. Impromptu and maintain the attention of your
- Speaking without advanced preparation audience
- Unrehearsed speech
- Spoken conversationally
3. Speaking in different venue Tips for Effective Speech Delivery
- speaking venue that vary according to
size.
+ you will be exposed to different 1. appearance
venues, which will add to your public - The speaker’s appearance should be
speaking experience appealing to the audience. The
- you have to make big adjustment in audience in fact likes speakers who are
terms of your nonverbal cues: volume similar to them.
of voice, body language, facial
expression, etc. 2. Movement
- check the venue days - All the movements on the stage should
- for large venue speak more slowly be voluntary and warranted.
4. Speaking with a microphone Nervousness can cause involuntary
- clarify the pronunciation and movements which can distress both the
enunciation of words speaker and the audience.
+ with a microphone can easily get the 3. Posture
attention of your audience because of - A confident speaker stands straight with
the loudness of your voice. his arms well relaxed. Nervous speakers
- using a microphone can be challenging sprawl on the podium and lean against
because there is a tendency to under or the wall. There is always fear and
overuse it tension.
- check the microphone if it functions
well, check your voice in microphone, in 4. Facial expressions
a small venue you may not use - The expression on the speaker’s face
microphone determines the audience’s closeness to
5. Speaking with a podium or lectern him. Warm smile and confident look
- a podium or lectern is a reading desk take the audience close to the speaker.
with a stand a slanted top 5. Eye contact
+ notes can be placed on the slanted - It is one of the most important
top, and will word best for gestures. It not only increases the
extemporaneous and manuscript speaker’s direct contact with the
speeches audience but also increases their
- the lectern can be used as a means to interest in their speech.
hide or cover nervousness or stage 6. Articulation
fright - It is the right pronunciation of all the
- some may have the tendency to hide words. The people who suffer stage
their hands behind the podium. fright commit the mistake of deletion,
- stand straight, as good posture exudes addition, adding extra parts towards
confidence slurring.
- avoid gripping the edges of the 7. Volume
podium with both hands; aside from - It is confirmed by the number of the
this, also avoid hiding them behind audience but it should be loud enough
podium for the speech to reach everybody.
8. Time
- Time is an important factor in Speech
delivery. At the outset, the speaker
should know the amount of time given
for his speech and prepare accordingly.
9. Language
- The speaker should use the language
well suited for the audience. Too much
of scientific terms may not go well with
the common public.
10. Use Short stories, Anecdotes and
Quotations according to the need. It is
always good to start the speech with a
small story as stories normally arouse
interest. But remember, too much of
anything is good for nothing.