Oral Communication  Chronological

 Comparison/ contrast
Principles of Speech WRITING
 Problem-solution
 Outline – hierarchal list that shows the
relationship of your ideas. If your
outline is ready, two thirds of your
speech is ready.
 Table Format:

 Audience Analysis – entails looking into

the profile of your target audience
 Demography - age range, male
female ratio, educational
background and affiliations or
degree program taken,
nationality, economic status,
academic or incorporate
designations  Body – provides an explanation,
 Situation – time, venue, example, or any details that can help
occasion and size you deliver your purpose and explain
 Psychology – values, beliefs, the main idea of your speech.
attitudes, preferences, cultural  Strategies to highlight your main idea:
and racial ideologies and needs  Present real-life or practical
 Purpose of writing and delivering the examples
speech  Show statistics
 To inform – provides audience  Present comparisons
clear understanding of the  Share ideas from the experts or
concept or idea practitioner
 To entertain – provides  Introduction – the foundation of your
audience with amusement speech. The primary goal is to get the
 To persuade – provides attention of your audience and present
audiences with well-argued the subject or main idea of speech.
ideas that can influence their  Conclusion – restate the main idea of
own beliefs and decisions. your speech. Provides summary,
 Topic – main point, which can be emphasizes the message and call for
determined once you have decided your action.
purpose  Strategies for good conclusion.
 Narrowing down a topic –  Restate your message
making your idea more specific  Use positive examples,
and focused encouraging words of
 Data Gathering – collect ideas, memorable lines from song
information, sources and familiar to audience
references relevant or related to  As series of question that can
your specific topic make audience reflect.
 Writing patterns – structures  Editing/Revising your written speech –
that will help you organize the involves correcting errors in mechanics,
ideas related to your topic. such as grammar, punctuation,
 Biographical capitalization, unity, coherence and etc.
 Categorical/ topical
  Edit for focus - “So, what’s the  Beeve and Beeve (1997) – an
point? What’s the message of efficient public speaker crafts
the speech?” artfully and creatively a
 Edit for clarity - “I don’t message while relying upon
understand the message time.
because the examples or
Principles pf speech delivery
supporting details were
confusing.”  Articulation
 Edit for concision - “The speech  Modulation
was all over the place; the  Stage Presence
speaker kept on talking  Facial expressions, gestures, and
endlessly as if no one was movement
listening to him/her”  audience rapport
 Edit for continuity - “The
speech was to difficult to
follow; I was lost in the middle.”  Articulation – refers to the clear
 Edit for variety - “I didn’t enjoy pronunciation or diction and speech
the speech because it was which is essential in effectively
boring.” transmitting the message; also includes
 Edit for impact and beauty - proper breathing techniques together
“There’s nothing really special with correct production of sounds that
about the speech.” make up words contribute to effective
articulation
 Rehearsing – opportunity to identify  Modulation – refers to capability of the
what works and what does not work for vocal tone to adjust to the resonance
you and your target audience. and timbre of the voice. (Something
 Some Guidelines in Speech Writing: that sounds flat, high pitch and
 Keep your words short and screeching to listen to.)
simple.  Stage Presence – ability of the speaker
 Avoid jargon, acronyms or to “own the stage,” meaning to be able
technical words. to fill the space and project his/her
 Make your speech more personality to audience.
personal. Use the personal  Stage Fright – considered the
pronoun “I” and “We”. topmost fear in the world of
 Use active verbs and public speaking
contractions.  Facial expressions, gestures, and
 Be sensitive to your audience. movements – the message of the
 Use metaphors and other speech is being reinforced by the
figures of speech to effectively _______, _______, and _________ of
convey your point. the speaker. These principles emphasize
 Manage your time well. certain points.
 Facial Expression should change
Principled of Speech Delivery according to the content of the
speech
 Public speaking –  Gestures and movements
 process of imparting ideas, highlight the points being
sharing insights and giving clarified and direct the audience
information to broaden one’s to follow every word and
comprehension and experience. important details the speaker
 Kind of communication matter has to say.
that involves a speaker  Audience Rapport – the speaker will
delivering a prepared speech to have an idea on speech materials that
an audience through both oral would appeal to the audience or
and visual symbols. listeners; with this data on hand, the
 speaker would know how to deliver the others. Observe your mannerisms and
message to the audience and strike learn how to avoid them when speaking
them or connect with his/her listeners in public.
at a deeper level. 11. Avoid having a poker face or a highly
animated face - These facial expressions
Tips for effective speech delivery
appear distracting and may even be
1. Use conversational style - this is more annoying. Instead, follow the most
natural; audiences do not like the highly suggested tip: smile. However,
speaker to sound unnatural and make sure that the meaning of your
exaggerated. This style is used with speech reflects in your facial
family and friends expressions; do not smile if you are
2. Look at the audience eye to eye – make talking about something sad.
audience feel that they are part of the 12. Dress properly and appropriately -
speech. It also keeps the attention of Wearing the proper attire will make you
your audience and enhance delivery look more confident and professional.
3. Adjusting volume based on size of Make sure not to overdress, as this may
audience and venue - When addressing distract your audience.
a large audience, modulate your voice 13. Observe ethics by coming prepared,
in such a way that you speak loudly being honest with your words, being
without sounding like shouting or polite, avoiding offensive words and
yelling. back-biting or talking negative things
4. Vary rate or speed – to keep audience about other people, or copying
interested to avoid monotone patter. someone’s work without proper
Audience might get bored if too slow, documentation.
and get confused if too fast. 14. Breathe in and out to relax before your
5. Mater voice and find pitch level – if speech. Most importantly, have fun.
high pitch, move it down. If have low
pitch, move it up. Performance will be
affected if you do not modulate.
6. Use pauses to emphasize most
important words, phrase, or sentences
– you pause should not last for 3
seconds. Otherwise, it will result in
dead air or moment of awkward silence.
7. Pronounce and enunciate words
correctly - You will confuse the
audience if you mispronounce words,
and it could distract them and affect
your credibility.
8. Avoid fillers or expressions that
substitute actual words - instead of
using them the next time you deliver a
speech, simply stop and pause.
Examples of fillers are “like,” “um,” “ah,”
“uh,” and “er.”
9. Start your speech by standing straight –
this balance your weight. This will give a
positive first impression.
10. Use precise movements - Avoid
distracting mannerisms like swaying
back and forth, leaning on the podium,
licking or biting your lips, playing with
your wristwatch or jewelry, scratching
parts of your body, frowning, and