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Exp - 11 Convex Lens

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ramyasri Kengam
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43 views

Exp - 11 Convex Lens

Uploaded by

ramyasri Kengam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONVEX LENS

Aim:
To determine (a)the focal length of the convex lens by u-v method
(b) the focal length of the convex lens from u-v graph
(c ) the focal length of the convex lens from 1/u – 1/v graph
(d) the focal length of the convex lens by conjugate foci method.
Apparatus:
Convex lens, v shaped wooden stand,screen, illuminated cross wires, optical bench
and meterscale.
Principle:
The distance between the optic centre of the convex lens and the principle focus is
called focal lenght “f” .Let u and v be the distance of the object and its real image from the
u⋅v
optic centre respectively then the focal length 'f' of the lens is given by f = cm
uv
Procedure:
Distance object method:

The convex lens is mounted


in the 'V' groove of the lens stand
with its principal axis horzontally.
The lens is foucssed towards a
distant object like a tall tree or
electric pole through the window of
the laboratory. The postion of the
screen is adjusted on the other side
of the lens until a clear image is formed on it. The distance between the lens and the screen
directly gives approximate focal length of the lens.

u-v Method :
An illuminated wire mesh
fitted to the lamp box is taken as
an object . The lens arranged in
the v-stand is placed at certain
distance from the object.This
distance should be greater than
approximate focal length of the
lens .The screen which is on the
other side of the lens is wire mesh
is obtained on the screen.The distance(u)between the object and the lens and the distance(v)
between the screen and the lens are measured parallel to the axis on the lens. The distance
between the object and the lens is increased in the steps of 5 cm. Every time the screen is
adjusted until a fine image is formed on it and each time 'v' values are noted. The focal
length of the convex lens can be determined from the formula

u-v Graph:
A graph is drawn taking 'u' values on X-axis and v
values on Y-axis with same scale on both axis. It will be a
rectangular hyperbola. A straight line is drawn from from the
orign bisecting the angle between the axis.
Let the staigth line meet the curve a A. From A, drawn the perpendicular AB and AC
towards the X and Y axis respectively. The 'X' or 'Y' coordinate of 'A' is equal to 2f
according to scale.
OAOB
i.e., OA=OB=2f (or) f= cm
4

1 1
-- Graph:
u v
1
A graph is drawn with values on the X-
u
1
axis and values on Y-axis with the same scale
v
on the both axis.It will be straigth line making
intercepts OA and OB on the both axis as shown in
2
the graph. Then f= cm.
OAOB

Conjugate foci method or lens displacement method:


The object stand
O and screen S are
placed on the optical
bench separated by a
distance 'l' greater than
4f. The lens stand is first
placed very close to the
object and then slowly
moved towards the
screen. At a certain
positon P a clear and
magnified image forms
on the screen. After
noting this postion, the lens is again slowly moved towards the screen other position (or)a
real diminished and inverted image is obtained on the screen , the position Q of the lens is
noted. The displacement of the lens d = Q-P for the two images is obtained. The experiment
is repeated for different values of 'l' , every time the displacement of the 'd' is noted and
readings are tabulated.
Observations:
Focal length of a lens in distant object method is................cm
Determination of focal length of a convex lens from u-v method:

S.No Object distance 1 Image distance 1 u⋅v


cm-1 cm-1 f= cm
(u) cm u (v) cm v uv

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Average focal length: …................... cm
The focal length of the convex lens from u, v graph is …..................cm
The focal length of the convex lens from 1/u, 1/v graph is …...........cm
Radius of curvature of the convex lens, R = 2f is …..................cm

Determination of focal length of the lens by conjugate foci method:

S. No Distance First position of Second position d= Q−P cm l 2−d 2


between object the lens(P) of the lens(Q) F= cm
4l
and screen cm cm
(l)cm
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Average focal length f=........................cm

Precautions:
1. The distance are measured only after the formation of well difined amage.
2. Always the distances area measured parallel to the lens axis.
3. The readings are noted with out parallax error.
4. Image distance is measured when clear and well defined image is formed on
the screen.
Result:
1. The focal length of the given convex lens from distant object method =...............cm
2. The focal length of the given convex lens from the u-v mathod =..........cm
3. The focal length of the given convex lens from theu-v graph method =............cm
4. The focal length of the given convex lens from the1/v-1/u graph method=...........cm
5. The focal length of the given convex lens from the conjugate foci method=.........cm
6. The Radius of curvature of the given convex lens=....................cm

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