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30 views

301 SHO 1 Ss

Uploaded by

ahmetgorkem.kose05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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METU / SFL Fall 2024

DBE
Speaking Handout 1
301 GROUP
Presentation Guidelines

This term, you are expected to deliver a classroom presentation. The aim of this handout is to offer
you some guidelines for this presentation. You will have 3-5 minutes. In order to prepare an effective
presentation, you need to follow a step-by-step process. The six steps to follow for a successful
presentation are:

1) Choosing your topic: It is best to choose a topic that interests you as well as your listeners in order
to ensure a successful presentation. Sometimes, however, you may be assigned a certain topic to
work on.

2) Analyzing your audience: Before you start to prepare your presentation, you need to think about
your audience, its level of interest in, and knowledge on your topic.

3) Narrowing down your topic: Presentations are covered in a limited period of time, and it is not
possible to say everything about a topic when time is limited. Therefore, you must narrow down your
topic to a particular aspect of it. A topic that is narrowed down successfully is specific.

4) Gathering information: To gather information about your topic, you can use one or more of the
following ways:
• search tools: search the Internet using key words
• advocacy groups: find an Internet advocacy group that has taken a stance on your topic
• newspapers and magazines
• books and references: use library card catalogs and/or online reference sources
• government sources: check out websites for the various branches of government

5) Organizing your speech: Determine the order the subtopics that you want to present. Use
signposting language
e.g., I’ve talked about X, and now let me move on to…
The second issue I would like to mention is…

6) Preparing visual aids: Use visual aids because they make a presentation clear and interesting. Use
them at the most appropriate time. Visual materials:
• add variety
• help your audience focus on what you are saying
• show relationships among ideas
• help to explain the points you make more clearly
• help the audience remember what you have said

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In addition, a presentation that uses visual aids effectively is more persuasive and professional.
Make sure your visuals are attractive, informative, and convenient to use. Some examples of visual
aids are the use of white board, posters, pictures, and power point presentations. Make sure you
choose your visuals carefully. Avoid offensive images. Always remember to write the sources of the
visuals.
You may prepare a slide show.
• Make sure your slides are not overloaded with long sentences or too many sentences. Use
keywords, phrases or short sentences.
• Never combine too many fonts so that your presentation does not look messy. Use at most
two: one for headings and one for text.
• It is also essential to choose colors that help the reader understand. You should have
contrasting colors between the font and the background.
• Always remember to write the sources of the information.

After the initial preparation:


a) Choose a title: The title of an oral presentation should prepare your audience for the content
you will present. In this way, from the beginning of the presentation, your audience will know
what you will be talking about.
b) Prepare the body of your presentation: Arrange the points of your presentation in a clear,
logical manner. The organizational pattern you choose will depend on your topic and must
enable your audience to follow what you are saying easily.
c) Prepare a preview: After deciding on the organizational pattern, you need to prepare a
preview. You should tell your audience what you are going to cover before you actually begin
the body of your presentation.
e.g., My purpose today is to tell you what to do in the event of a hurricane. I will cover three
major areas:
o First, how to prepare for a hurricane.
o Second, what safety measures to take during a hurricane.
o Third, what to do after the storm is over.
d) Prepare an attention-getting opener: At the beginning of your presentation, it is very
important to attract your listeners’ attention. Here are four possible ways to do so:
• Ask your audience a series of (rhetorical) questions
• Tell a story/anecdote
• State a surprising fact
• State a well-known quotation
• Show a picture and ask a question
e) Determine your style of speech: Determine the style in which you will present your topic. Style
basically refers to your choice of words, the length, and structure of your sentences, and the
tone, or attitude you express towards your audience. Here are some tips for creating an
effective style:
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• Use short, simple sentences to express your ideas clearly.
• Avoid using excessive jargon and abstract words, and be sure to explain any important
words your audience may not be familiar with.
• Design your presentation with planned repetition. This will enable your audience to
understand the points more clearly and help them catch points that they might have missed
in your first mention of them.
• Announce each main point as you come to it. In this way, your audience will know when
you have completed one topic and are beginning the next one.
• Do not memorize your presentation, and do not write out your whole presentation.
Otherwise, your speech will sound as if you are reading it. Use brief notes, written on one
page or on cards.

f) Pay attention to nonverbal communication:


• Use your voice well. Speak clearly and at the right volume. Pay attention to pronunciation
and intonation. Check the pronunciation of certain words in your slides or speech. Practice
saying them out loud beforehand.
• Remember that eye contact and effective use of body language are important for successful
presentations:
o Establish eye contact the entire audience for the presentation to be a hit. Avoid
focusing on only one or two people, such as your teacher.
o Body language is very effective in keeping the audience interested. Use your body
language in a way that suits your context.
e.g., When you are mentioning a serious issue, a serious look on your face would be
appropriate.
You can point at your visual aids.
Maintain a good posture.
g) Optionally, prepare a summary: Optionally, you can make a summary of the main points that
you have made throughout your presentation.
h) Rehearse your presentation until you feel comfortable.
• Keep time while rehearsing.
• You may not be sure about the correct pronunciation of certain words in your slides or
speech. Check their pronunciation and practice saying them out loud beforehand.
IMPORTANT! DO NOT READ YOUR SCRIPT FROM YOUR NOTES, SLIDES, OR YOUR MOBILE PHONE! A
quick glance at your notes or slides is acceptable, but make sure you do not read whole sentences.
At the end of your presentation:
a) Ask the audience if they have any questions: Once the presentation is over, you should make
sure that what you have talked about has been understood. Encourage your audience to ask
questions, which will indicate whether you have achieved this objective.
b) Reflect on your performance as a speaker, think about the strengths and the weaknesses of
your presentation, and how you can improve your next presentation.
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USEFUL LANGUAGE YOU CAN USE FOR PRESENTATIONS

Greeting
* Good afternoon.
Introducing your presentation
* I’d like to talk about ...
* I’m going to present the recent history ...
explain Turkey’s position on ...
inform you about ...
describe a little-known phenomenon...

subject talk is…


* The focus of my presentation is…
topic

Introducing the outline/main parts of your presentation


* I’ve divided my presentation into four parts/sections.
* The subject can be looked at under the following headings: ...
* We can break this area down into the following fields: …

Ordering your ideas


* Firstly/first of all ...
* Secondly/then/next ...
* Thirdly/ and then we come to ...
* Finally/lastly/last of all ...

Questions
* I’d be glad to answer any questions at the end of my talk.
* If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt.
* Please interrupt me if there’s something that needs clarifying. Otherwise, there’ll be time for questions at the end.
Signaling the end
* That brings me to the end of my presentation.
* That completes my presentation.
* That covers all I wanted to say today.

Closing
* Thank you for your attention.
* Thank you for listening.
* I hope you have gained an insight into ...

Inviting questions
* Do you have any questions?
* Does anyone have a question?
* I’d be glad to answer any questions.

Sources:
Comfort, J. (1995). Effective Presentations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carney, Josh and Karabağ E, Ayşen, Reading, Listening, Speaking, 2007, METU
http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/exams/speaking-exams/oral-presentation
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