Example Items

Pre-Calculus
Pre-AP
Pre-Calculus Pre-AP Example Items are a
representative set of items for the ACP. Teachers may use this set of items along
with the test blueprint as guides to prepare students for the ACP. On the last page,
the correct answer, content SE and SE justification are listed for each item.
The specific part of an SE that an Example Item measures is NOT necessarily the
only part of the SE that is assessed on the ACP. None of these Example Items will
appear on the ACP.
Teachers may provide feedback regarding Example Items.
(1) Download the Example Feedback Form and email it. The form is located on the
homepage of the Assessment website: https://assessment.dallasisd.org.
OR
(2) To submit directly, click “Example Feedback – online form” after you click
the Example Items link under ACP Resources on the ACP tab on the
Assessment website.

First Semester
2020–2021
Code #: 1221
 ACP Formulas
Pre-Calculus/Pre-Calculus PAP
2020–2021

Trigonometric Functions and Identities

Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2

30° - 60° - 90° x, x 3, 2x

Special Right Triangles:
45° - 45° - 90° x, x, x 2
sin A sin B sin C
Law of Sines:   Heron’s Formula: A s  s  a  s  b   s  c 
a b c

Law of Cosines: a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos B c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos C

 
Linear Velocity: v  r  v  r Angular Velocity:  
t t

1 1 1
sin   cos   tan  
csc  sec  cot 
Reciprocal Identities:
1 1 1
csc   sec   cot  
sin  cos  tan 

Pythagorean
sin2 q + cos2 q = 1 1 + tan2 q = sec2 q 1 + cot2 q = csc2 q
Identities:
cos(    )  cos  cos   sin  sin  sin(   )  sin  cos   cos  sin 
Sum & Difference
Identities: cos(   )  cos  cos   sin  sin  sin(   )  sin  cos   cos  sin 

sin 2  2 sin  cos  cos 2  cos2   sin2 

Double-Angle
Identities:
cos 2  2 cos2   1 cos 2  1  2 sin2 

Sequences and Series

The nth Term of an The nth Term of a
an  a1  (n  1)d an  a1r n1
Arithmetic Sequence: Geometric Sequence:
Sum of a Finite n
n n
a  (a  an ) Sn  2a1  (n  1)d 
2
k
Arithmetic Series: k 1 2 1

Sum of a Finite n
a1 (1  r n ) a1  an r
Geometric Series: a
k 1
k 
1r
, r 1 Sn 
1r
, r 1

Sum of an Infinite

a1
Geometric Series:
a
n 1
n 
1r
 r 1

 a  b
n
Binomial Theorem:  n C0 an b0  n C1an 1b1  n C2 an  2b2      n Cr an  r br      n Cn a0 bn
n! n!
Permutations: n Pr  Combinations: n Cr 
(n  r )! (n  r )! r !

Projectile Motion
1 2
Vertical Position: y  tv0 sin   gt  h0 Horizontal Distance: x  tv0 cos 
2

Vertical Free-Fall 1 2 ft m
s(t )   gt  v0t  s0 v(t )   gt  v0 g  32  9.8
Motion: 2 sec2 sec2
 ACP Formulas
Pre-Calculus/Pre-Calculus PAP
2020–2021

Conic Sections

Circle: Standard Form: (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2

Standard Form: (x – h)2 = 4p(y – k) (y – k)2 = 4p(x – h)

Parabola: Focus: (h, k + p) (h + p, k)

Directrix: y=k–p x=h–p

 x  h y  k   x  h y  k 
2 2 2 2

Standard Form: 2
 2
 2
 2

a b b a
Ellipse: Foci: (h ± c, k) (h, k ± c)

a, b, c Relationship: c2 = a2 – b2 c2 = a2 – b2

 x  h y  k  y  k   x  h
2 2 2 2

Standard Form: 2
 2
 2
 2

a b a b

Foci: (h ± c, k) (h, k ± c)
b a
Hyperbola: Asymptotes: (y  k )  ± ( x  h) (y  k )  ± ( x  h)
a b
a, b, c Relationship: c2 = a2 + b2 c2 = a2 + b2
c c
Eccentricity: e e
a a

Exponential Functions

Simple Interest: I = prt

nt
 r Continuous Compound
Compound Interest: A  P 1   A  Pert
 n  Interest:
Continuous
Exponential Growth or
N  N0 1  r 
t
Exponential Growth or N  N0ekt
Decay:
Decay:
Coordinate Geometry

Distance Formula: d  ( x2  x1 )2  (y 2  y1 )2

y2  y1
Slope of a Line: m
x2  x1
 x  x2 y1  y2 
Midpoint Formula: M 1 , 
 2 2 
b  b2  4ac
Quadratic Equation: ax2 + bx + c = 0 Quadratic Formula: x 
2a

Slope-Intercept Form of a Line: y  mx  b

Point-Slope Form of a Line: y  y1  m(x  x1 )

Standard Form of a Line: Ax + By = C

HIGH SCHOOL
EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
A polynomial function of degree four is graphed as shown.
1
y
1000

800

600

400

f(x)
200

x
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10

-200

-400

-600

-800

-1000

Based on this graph, which statement is true?

A f(x) has a total of four roots and three local extrema.

B f(x) has a total of two roots and three local extrema.
C f(x) has a total of two roots and five extrema.
D f(x) has a total of four roots and five extrema.

The formula to calculate the level of sound intensity in decibels (dB) is

2
 I 
  10 log  
 I0 

where  is the number of decibels, I is the sound intensity in watts per square meter (W/m2) of
any sound, and I0 = 10–12 W/m2, which is the intensity of the faintest sound audible to the
human ear. The pain threshold for the human ear is 120 dB. What is the intensity, I, of this
sound?

A 10120 W/m2
B 1012 W/m2
C 100 W/m2
D 10–12 W/m2

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
Which function has a removable discontinuity at x  2?
3
 3x  1, x  2
A f (x)  
 x2 , x  2

x  2
B f (x) 
x2  9

x 2  2x
C f (x) 
x2  4

x2  2x  8
D f (x) 
x2  2x

Newton’s Law of Cooling models the temperature, T, of an object over time, t, in minutes, using
4 the function

T (t )  Tm  (T0  Tm )e  kt

where T0 is the initial temperature of the object, Tm is the temperature of the surrounding
medium, and k is a constant for that particular medium. A cookie was taken from the oven and
placed on a cooling rack with a surrounding air temperature of 20°C. After five minutes, the
cookie cooled to 48°C. If k = 0.35, what was T0 , the initial temperature of the cookie?

A About 25°C
B About 60°C
C About 181°C
D About 276°C

10

5 What is the sum of the arithmetic series

k 3
5k  12 ?

A 38
B 164
C 195
D 205

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
The graph of the function, h(x), is shown.
6

Which graph represents the transformation g(x )  h(x  5)  6 ?

A C

B D

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
What is the sixth term in the expansion of (x  2y )10 ?
7
A –13,440x4y6
B –8,064x5y5
C 8,064x5y5
D 13,440x4y6

x 4  5x  2
8 Which graph represents the function f ( x)   2?
3x 2  12

A C

B D

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
A ball is dropped from a height of 6 feet, and the return bounce is 82% of the previous height.
9 How far has the ball traveled when it hits the ground for the sixth time? Round the answer to the
nearest tenth of a foot.

Record the answer and fill in the bubbles on

the grid provided. Be sure to use the correct
place value.

If f (x)  x 2  2x  1 and g(x)  3x , what is f (g(x)) ?

10
A 3x 2  6 x  1

B 6 x2  2x  1

C 9x 2  2x  1

D 9x 2  6 x  1

Matthew and some friends are going to a concert. They hire a car service for $75 to drive them
11 to a restaurant for dinner and then to the concert. They divide the $60 cost of the dinner
equally. However, since Matthew’s dad provided concert tickets for the group, the friends agree
that Matthew doesn’t have to help pay for the car service. The friends divide this cost equally
among themselves. If each friend spends a total of $25, how many friends went to the concert
with Matthew?

A 4

B 5

C 6

D 7

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
If f ( x)  8x 3 , which graph represents f 1(x) ?
12
y y
10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

x x
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
A C
-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

-8 -8

-10 -10

y y
10 10

8 8

6 6

4 4

2 2

x x
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8 10
B D
-2 -2

-4 -4

-6 -6

-8 -8

-10 -10

For an art project, Analy takes a 22 inch by 28 inch poster board and cuts congruent squares
13 out of the corners. She folds the poster board along the cuts to create a container with no
top. If the volume of Analy’s container is 1,055 in3, what is the approximate height of the
container in inches?

A 1.02 inches

B 2.04 inches

C 2.99 inches

D 3.81 inches

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
Which equation represents a slant asymptote for the graph of the function
14 2 x 3  5x 2  8 x  1
f ( x)  ?
x2  x  5

A y  2x  7
B y  2x  3
C y  x 4
D y  x 6

Which list represents all possible rational zeros of the function f ( x )  3x 3  8 x 2  11x  7 ?
15
A  3,  8,  11,  7

3
B  1,  7,  3, 
7

8 11 7
C  1,  ,  , 
3 3 3

1 7
D  1,  7,  , 
3 3


n 1
16 1
What is the value of the geometric series 48   ?
n0
2

Record the answer and fill in the bubbles on

the grid provided. Be sure to use the correct
place value.

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
Blake is purchasing a new car for $32,000. If the value of the car decreases at a rate of
17 9% per year, approximately how many years will it take for the value of the car to reach
$15,000?

A 5.90 years

B 6.71 years

C 8.03 years

D 8.79 years

  x  2 if x  2
18 
Which graph represents f ( x )  (x  4) if 2  x
2
 3 ?
 6 if x  3


A C

B D

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
x
1
19 The graph of f ( x )    is transformed using the given steps in the order shown.
2

 Reflect across the x-axis

 Vertically stretch by a factor of 3
 Translate 1 unit right
 Translate 2 units down

Which graph represents the transformed function?

A C

B D

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
x
20 What is the domain of the function f ( x)  2
x  3x
?

A (– , –3)  (–3, )

B (– , –3]  [–3, )

C (– , –3]  [–3, 0)  (0, )

D (– , –3)  (–3, 0)  (0, )

Polly was given a rational function.

21
x 3
f (x)  2
4
x  x 6

What discontinuities did Polly discover upon her investigation of this function?

A The graph of f(x) has an infinite discontinuity at x = 2 and a removable discontinuity

at x = –3.
B The graph of f(x) has an infinite discontinuity at x = –3 and a removable discontinuity
at x = 2.
C The graph of f(x) has an infinite discontinuity at x = 4 and a removable discontinuity
at x = 3.
D The graph of f(x) has an infinite discontinuity at x = 0.

The annual growth rate for an investment is found using the function
22
1 P
r  ln
t P0

where r is the annual growth rate, t is the time in years, P0 is the initial investment, and P is
the present value. Five years ago, Helen invested $5,000 at an annual growth rate of 3.7%.
What is the present value of Helen’s investment?

A $5,093.36

B $5,188.47

C $6,016.09

D $31,799.10

Dallas ISD - Example Items

EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP, Sem 1
The first three terms of a sequence are shown.
23
–83, –79, –75, …

What is the sum of the first 51 terms of this sequence?

Record the answer and fill in the bubbles on

the grid provided. Be sure to use the correct
place value.

The number of downloads of a new song grows at a continuous exponential rate during the
24 first week after the song’s release, as shown in the table.

Days, t 0 5
Number of downloads, N(t) 1,200 9,900

Which function is used to find N(t ), the number of downloads after t days?

A N(t )  1,200(1.5251)t

B N(t )  1,200(1.4220)t

C N(t )  1,200e.5251t

D N(t )  1,200e.4220t

Dallas ISD - Example Items

 EXAMPLE ITEMS Pre-Calculus Pre-AP Key, Sem 1

Item# Key SE SE Justification

Analyze the key features of polynomial functions such as relative
1 A P.2I
maximum, relative minimum, zeros.
2 C P.5H Solve logarithmic equations in real-world problems.
Determine various types of discontinuities in the interval (– , ) as they
3 D P.2L
relate to functions.
4 C P.5I Solve exponential equations in real-world problems.

5 B P.5A Evaluate finite sums written in sigma notation.

Graph transformations, including f(x) + d, f(x - c), for specific values of c,
6 C P.2G
and d, in mathematical problems.
Apply the Binomial Theorem for the expansion of (a + b)n in powers of a
7 B P.5F
and b for a positive integer n, where a and b are any numbers.
8 A P.2F Graph rational functions.

9 40.4 P.5E Calculate the nth partial sum of a geometric series.

10 D P.2C Represent a given function as a composite function of two functions.
Analyze situations modeled by functions including rational to solve real-
11 B P.2N
world problems.
Determine an inverse function for a given function over its domain and
12 A P.2E
represent the inverse using multiple representations.
Solve polynomial equations with real coefficients by applying a variety of
13 C P.5J
techniques in real-world problems.
14 B P.2I Determine the key features of rational functions such as asymptotes.
Solve polynomial equations with real coefficients by applying a variety of
15 D P.5J
techniques in mathematical problems.
16 192 P.5A Evaluate geometric series, when possible, written in sigma notation.
Analyze situations modeled by functions, including exponential functions,
17 C P.2N
to solve real-world problems.
18 B P.2F Graph piecewise defined functions.
Graph functions, including exponential, and their transformations,
19 A P.2G including af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), f(bx) for specific values of a, b, c, d in
mathematical problems.
20 D P.2I Analyze the key features of rational functions such as domain.
Determine various types of discontinuities in the interval (– , ) as they
21 A P.2L
relate to functions.
Analyze situations modeled by functions, including logarithmic to solve
22 C P.2N
real-world problems.
Calculate the nth partial sum of an arithmetic series in mathematical
23 867 P.5C
problems.
24 D P.5I Generate exponential equations in real-world problems.