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Experiment 3 2024

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24 views

Experiment 3 2024

Uploaded by

Zülal Zülalma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINEERING FACULTY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS


ENGINEERING

EEM 206 ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS LABORATORY


EXPERIMENT #3

APPLICATION ON RLC CIRCUITS

FLASHING CIRCUIT
Flashing Circuit Design
Flashing circuits, commonly used in electronics, generate periodic on-off signals that control the blinking of
LEDs, lights, or other devices. These circuits are widely utilized in a variety of applications, such as visual
indicators, alarm systems, decorative lighting, and timing systems. By employing components like 555 timers
or transistors, flashing circuits offer a simple yet effective solution for signaling, timing, and attention-
grabbing tasks in both consumer and industrial products. Their versatility makes them integral to numerous
fields, including automotive, aerospace, communication, and home automation.

The IC 555
The standard 555 timer IC is used in variety of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications. Applications
of this circuit include security systems, corridor lights and bathroom lights among others. The 555 can act as
either a simple timer to generate single pulses for time delays, or as a relaxation oscillator producing
stabilized waveforms of varying duty cycles from 50 to 100%. The IC 555 timer generally operates in 3 modes:

Astable Mode

In this mode, the 555 work as a free running mode. The output of astable multivibrator will continuously
toggle between low and high, there by generating a train of pulse, which is why it is known as pulse
generator. It is a best example for a perfect square wave generator. They are used as an inverter and selecting
a thermistor as a timing resistor allows the use of the 555 in a temperature sensor.

Monostable Mode
In this mode, as the name suggests, it stays in its stable state until and unless an external trigger is applied
and functions as a “one-shot” pulse generator. The best application of a monostable is to introduce a time
delay into a system. Applications comprise timers, bounce free switches, touch switches as well as frequency
dividers, capacitance measurements and pulse-width modulations (PWM).

Bistable Mode
In the bistable mode, the IC 555 acts as a flip-flop as it has two stable states. It can be used to store 1-bit of
data. It is not a great choice for implementing a flip-flop.

Pin Configuration of 555 Timer


The 555 Timer is available in 8-pin metal can package, 8-pin mini dual in line package (DIP) and 14-pin DIP.
The 14-pin IP is IC 556 which consists of two 555 timers.
The 8-pin DIP is most commonly used. The pin out diagrams of 555 Timer in the 8-pin packages is shown
below.

Pin 1 – Ground (GND)


Ground reference voltage (low level 0V). All the voltages are measured with respect to this terminal.
Pin 2 – Trigger Terminal (TRIG)
It is responsible for SET and RESET transitions of the flip-flop. The amplitude of the external trigger pulse will
influence the output of the timer. The output goes high, and the timing interval starts when the input at
trigger pin falls below half of Control voltage (i.e. 1/3 of the VCC).

Pin 3 – Output Terminal (OUT)


Output driven waveform is available at this pin. It is driven to 1.7 V below VCC. Two types of loads can be
connected to the output. One is Normally OFF load, which is connected between Pins 3 and 1 (GND) and the
other is Normally ON load, which is connected between pins 3 and 8 (VCC).

Pin 4 – Reset Terminal (RST)


A negative pulse on this pin will disable or reset the timer. The timer will begin only when the voltage on this
pin is above 0.7 V and hence it is normally connected to VCC when not used.

Pin 5 – Control Voltage (CV)


It controls the threshold and trigger levels and hence the timing of the 555. The width of the output pulse is
determined by the control voltage. The output voltage can be modulated by an external voltage applied to
this pin. Generally, it is connected to ground through a 10µF capacitor when not in use in order to eliminate
any noise.

Pin 6 – Threshold Terminal (TRH)


The voltage applied at this terminal is compared with a reference voltage of 2/3 VCC. When the voltage at
this terminal is greater than 2/3 VCC, the flip-flop is RESET and the output falls from High to Low.

Pin 7 – Discharge (DISC)


It is connected to the open collector of the internal NPN transistor which discharges the timing capacitor.
When the voltage at this pin reaches 2/3 VCC, the output toggles from high to low.

Pin 8 – VCC or Supply (VCC)


A supply voltage in the range of 5V to 18V is applied to this terminal.

See the datasheet of NE555 in given link below:


https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/ne555.pdf?ts=1726811027002&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.
google.com%252F
EXPERIMENT 3- REPORT Name : ………...…………….
Table No : ………...…………….
APPLICATION ON RLC CIRCUITS Group : ………...…………….
Grade : ………...…………….

Equipment: Dual channel oscilloscope, Function generator, DC power supply, bread board, and cables.
Materials Required: 1x NE555, 2x 330Ω res, 1x red, 1x blue LEDs. (Note: Select appropriate values of C1,
R1 and R2 based on your calculations. Use the closest capacitor and resistor values from your components.
If needed, combine existing components in series or parallel to match the required values.)
Task in this experiment: Design a 555 astable multivibrator circuit to generate a square wave with an
approximate 50% duty cycle, aiming for both high and low pulse durations of around 500ms (within a
tolerance of ±75ms).

Calculate appropriate R1, R2, and C1 values, ensuring the frequency is close to 1Hz and both pulses meet the
desired timing criteria. Show all your calculations about the output high-level duration, low-level duration
and period in this page. You can use circuit elements at hand (or most of them).

Connect the circuit in Figure 3.1.

E SU LY 5
330

330

NE555
1 ND CC
C1

1
LED1

LED2

2 T I DISC

2
3 UT T H 6

ST C 5

Figure 3.1 Astable mode connection

Calculations;

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