SHREEYASH PRATISHTHAN’S

SHREEYASH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (POLYTECHNIC),

CHH. SAMBHAJINAGAR

MICRO-PROJECT REPORT

NAME OF DEPARTMENT :- MAGAR KRUSHNA VARDHMAN

ACADEMIC YEAR :- 2023-24
SEMESTER :- FOURTH SEMESTER
COURSE NAME :- DATA COMMUNICATION USING COMPUTER
COURSE CODE :- 22414
MICRO-PROJECT TITLE :- UNGUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA
PREPARED BY :-

1) Krushna Magar EN.NO. 2210920133

2) Abhishek Lad EN. NO. 2210920130
3) Ritesh Janjal EN. NO. 2210920108
4) Saquib Khan EN. NO. 2210920125

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF:- Prof:- Prof. P.S. Brahmane

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr :- Magar Krushna Vardhman of 4th Semester of Diploma in Computer Engineering
of Institute SHREEYASH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CH.SAMBHAJINAGAR……………………………..
has successfully completed Micro-Project Work in Course of Data Communication and Computer Networking
for the academic year 2023-24 as prescribed in the I-Scheme Curriculum.

Date:- Enrollment No:- 2210920133

Place:- Ch.Sambhajinagar Exam Seat No.:- 449591
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to express our profound gratitude to our guide Prof. Prof. P.S. Bramhane who
guided us endlessly in framing and completion of Micro-Project. He / She guided us on all
the main points in that Micro-Project. We are indebted to his / her constant
encouragement, cooperation and help. It was his / her enthusiastic support that helped us
in overcoming of various obstacles in the Micro-Project.
We are also thankful to our Principal, HOD, Faculty Members and
classmates for extending their support and motivation in the completion of this Micro-
Project.

1) Krushna Magar EN.NO. 2210920133

2) Abhishek Lad EN. NO. 2210920130
3) Ritesh Janjal EN. NO 2210920108
4) Saquib Khan EN. NO. 2210920125

)
 Micro-Project Proposal
(Format or Micro-Project Proposal about1-2pages)

Title of Micro-Project:-

Unguided Transmission media

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project (minimum30-50words)

The unguided media is a wireless communication it transmits signal by
broadcasting it throughthe air. Unguided transmission media are methods
that allow the transmission of data without the use of physical means to
define the path it takes. Examples of this include microwave, radio or
infrared.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

 Unguided signals can travel in several ways: sky propagation, ground
propagation, and line-of-sight propagation.
 The electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from 3 kHz to 900 THz, used for
wireless communication.
 The signal is broadcasted through free space (air).

3.0 Proposed Methodology (Procedure in brief that will be followed to do the micro-
project) in about 100 to 200 words).

Firstly, a comprehensive literature review will be conducted to understand the existing

knowledge and research in the field of unguided transmission media, including relevant
technologies, protocols, and applications.

Next, the project will focus on identifying the different types of unguided transmission
media, such as radio waves, microwaves, and infrared, along with their characteristics,
advantages, and limitations.

practical experiments or simulations may be carried out to analyze the performance of

specific unguided transmission media under various conditions, such as distance,
interference, and signal strength.

Finally, the findings will be documented in a comprehensive report, including

methodology, results, analysis, and recommendations for future research or practical
applications in the field of communication technology.
 4.1Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity. The following is for Reference, The Activities
can be Added / reduced / Modified )

Name of
Sr. Planned Planned Responsible
Details of activity
No. Week Start Finish Team Members
date date
1 1 &2 Discussion & Finalization of 13/01/2024 15/01/2024 All Members
Topic
2 3 Preparation of the Abstract 17/01/2024 20/01/2024 Krushna Magar
3 4 Literature Review 20/01/2024 22/01/2024 Abhishek Lad
4 5 Submission of Microproject 23/01/2024 24/01/2024 All membears
Proposal ( Annexure-I)
5 6 Collection of information about 25/01/2024 31/01/2024 Krushna Magar
Topic Ritesh Janjal

6 7 Collection of relevant content / 01/02/2024 06/02/2024 Saquib Khan

materials for the execution of
Microproject.
7 8 Discussion and submission of 10/02/2024 12/02/2024 All Members
outline of the Microproject.
8 9 Analysis / execution of 20/02/2024 25/02/2024 All Members
Collected data / information and
preparation of Prototypes /
drawings / photos / charts /
graphs / tables / circuits / Models
/ programs etc.
9 10 Completion of Contents of 27/02/2024 10/03/2024 Abhishek lad
Project Report
10 11 Completion of Weekly progress 15/03/2024 27/03/2024 Saquib Khan
Report
11 12 Completion of Project Report ( 01/04/2024 08/04/2024 Ritesh Janjal
Annexure-II)
12 13 Viva voce / Delivery of All Members
Presentation

4.0 Resources Required (major resources such asraw material, some machining facility, software
etc.)

Sr. Name of Resources / Materials Specification Qty Remarks

No.
1 Computer System Windows 10 04
2 Smartphone Android 13 04
3

Names of Team Members with En. Nos.

1.Krushna Magar EN.NO. 2210920133
2.Abhishek Lad EN. NO. 2210920130
3.Ritesh Janjal EN. NO 2210920108
4.Saquib Khan EN. NO. 2210920125

.
 Micro-Project Report
Format for Micro-Project Report (Minimum 4 pages)

Title of Micro-Project:-

1.0 Rationale (Importance of the project, in about 30 to 50words.This is a modified version of the
earlier one written after the work)

A data Communication and Computer networks has been growing with rapid technological progress.
Computer communication through networking becomes essential part of our life. By considering the
importance of networking in day today life, it is essential for students to know the basic concept of
networks like network classification, network topologies network devices. This course deals with the
important concept and techniques related to data communication and enable students to have an
insight in to technology involved to make the network communication possible.

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:- (In about 50 to 150 words)

The unguided media is a wireless communication it transmits signal by

broadcasting it throughthe air. Unguided transmission media are methods that
allow the transmission of data without the use of physical means to define the
path it takes. Examples of this include microwave, radio or infrared.

2.0 Course Outcomes Achieved (Add to the earlier list if more Cos are addressed)

 Unguided signals can travel in several ways: sky propagation, ground propagation, and
line-of-sight propagation.
 The electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from 3 kHz to 900 THz, used for wireless
communication.
 The signal is broadcasted through free space (air).
 4.0 Literature Review:- ( you can include all the resources which you have used to gather the
information for the Micro-project)
Sample:-
1. "Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice" by Theodore S. Rappaport
2. "Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems" by Dharma P. Agrawal and Qing-An Zeng
3. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
4. IEEE Communications Magazine
5. "Mobile Communications" by Jochen H. Schiller
6. "Principles of Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach" by Kaveh Pahlavan and Prashant Krishnamurthy
7. Journal of Wireless Communication and Mobile Computing
8. Various online resources from reputable sources such as IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Google
Scholar.

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed (Write step wise work done, data collected and its analysis (if
any).The contribution of individual member may also be noted.)

Firstly, a comprehensive literature review will be conducted to understand the existing

knowledge and research in the field of unguided transmission media, including relevant
technologies, protocols, and applications.

Finally, the findings will be documented in a comprehensive report, including

methodology, results, analysis, and recommendations for future research or practical
applications in the field of communication technology.

6.0 Actual Resources Used (Mention the actual resources used).

sr.
Name of Resource/material Specifications Qty Remarks
No.

1 Computer System Windows 10 04

2 Smartphone Android 10 04

7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects

This microproject includes detailed information of all unguided
transmission media .
And also information of their types.
It project will be easy to understand the all types of unguided
transmission media
8.0 Skill Developed/Learning outcome of this Micro-Project

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Project:- (In about 30 to 50 words)

Annexure-IV
MICRO-PROJECT EVOLUTION SHEET

Name of Student:- Magar Krushna Vardhman En. No. 2210920133

Name of Program :- Computer Engineering Semester :- 4th
Course Name:- Data Communication and computer networking Course Code:-_22414

Title of The Micro-Project:- UNGUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Course Outcomes Achieved:-

a) Unguided signals can travel in several ways: sky propagation, ground
propagation, and line-of-sight propagation.
b) The electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from 3 kHz to 900 THz, used for wireless
communication.
 Sr. Poor Average Good Excellent Sub
Characteristic to be Total
No. (Marks1-3) (Marks4-5) (Marks 6-8) (Marks9-10)
assessed
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Convert Below total marks out of 6Marks)

(B)

(A) (B)
Process and Product Individual Presentation/ Total Marks
Assessment (6 marks) Viva (4 marks) 10

Comments/Suggestions about team work/leadership/inter-personal communication (if any)

Name of Course Teacher:- P.S. Bramhane

Dated Signature:-
 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• INDEX ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Sr. No Content Page No.

1 Micro-project Proposal 5-6

2 Rationale 7

3 Aims/Benefits of the micro-project 8

4 Course Outcome Achieved 9

5 Literature Review 10-17

6 Actual Methodology Followed 18

7 Skill Developed /Learning Outcome Of 19

Micro- Project

8 Application Of Micro-project 20
 1. MICRO - PROJECT PROPOSAL

TITLE:- UNGUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA

1.0 AIMS /BENEFITS OF THE MICRO PROJECT –

The unguided media is a wireless communication it transmits signal by broadcasting it throughthe

air. Unguided transmission media are methods that allow the transmission of data without the use
of physical means to define the path it takes. Examples of this include microwave, radio or infrared.

2.0 COURSE OUTCOMES ADDRESSED –

1. Analyze the functioning of data communication and computer network.

2. Select relevant transmission media and switching techniques as per need
3. Analyze the transmission errors with respect to IEEE standards.
4. Configure various networking devices.
5. Configure Different TCP/IP services. .

3.0 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY:

1. We willfocus on thematerials we need, as well as the instructions and sort it out in a manner which
will expeditedifferent responsibilities of theteam members.
2. We will study the concept of Data Communication and Computer Network.
3. Cross check all the conclusions and answer.
4. Prepare a report on the topic.

4.0 ACTION PLANES:

Sr. Details of Activities Planned Planned Name of

No Start Date Finish Date Responsible
Team
Member
1 Searching the topic for micro-project All

2 Choosing the topic for micro- All

Project
3 Searching the information on the topic All

4 Start work on the selected topic All

5 Making changes and corrections in the report All

6 Prepare the report All

5.0 RESOURCES REQUIRED:

Sr. Name of Resource / Specifications Quantity Remarks

No Material

1 Computer Ram minimum 2GB, i3-i5 1

preferable

2 Operating System Windows 7 / XP / LINUX 1

3 Internet Google Chrome 1

❖ NAMES OF TEAM MEMBER WITH ROLL NO :

1. Krushna Magar
2. Abhishek lad
3. Sakib khan
4. Ritesh janjal

Approved by,
Mrs. P.S.Brahmane
 2 RATIONALE

A data Communication and Computer networks has been growing with rapid technological progress. Computer
communication through networking becomes essential part of our life. By considering the importance of
networking in day today life, it is essential for students to know the basic concept of networks like network
classification, network topologies network devices. This course deals with the important concept and techniques
related to data communication and enable students to have an insight in to technology involved to make the
network communication possible.
 3 AIMS / BENEFITS OF THE MICRO PROJECT
 Aim of this project:-

 Unguided transmission media are methods that allow the transmission of data
without the use of physical means to define the path it takes. Examples of this
include microwave, radio or infrared..
 An unguided transmission sends electromagnetic waves without the need of a physical
medium. As a result, it is sometimes referred to as wireless transmission

 Benefits of Project:-

 The signal is broadcasted through free space (air).

 Unguided signals can travel in several ways: sky propagation, ground propagation, and line-
of-sight propagation.
 The electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from 3 kHz to 900 THz, used for wireless
communication
 4. COURSE OUTCOMES ACHIEVED

 Unguided signals can travel in several ways: sky propagation, ground propagation, and
line-of-sight propagation.
 The electromagnetic spectrum, ranging from 3 kHz to 900 THz, used for wireless communication.
 The signal is broadcasted through free space (air).
 UnGuided Transmission
 An unguided transmission transmits the electromagnetic waves without
using anyphysical medium. Therefore it is also known as wireless
transmission.

 In unguided media, air is the media through which the electromagnetic

energy can flow easily.

Unguided transmission is broadly classified into three categories:

1. Radio wave Transmission

2. Micowave Communication

3. Satellite Communication

4. Infrared Communication
 Radio waves

 Radio waves are the electromagnetic waves that are transmitted in all the
directions of free space.

 Radio waves are omnidirectional, i.e., the signals are propagated in all the directions.
 The range in frequencies of radio waves is from 3Khz to 1 khz.
 In the case of radio waves, the sending and receiving antenna are not
aligned, i.e., the wave sent by the sending antenna can be received by any
receiving antenna.

 An example of the radio wave is FM radio.

 Applications Of Radio waves:

 A Radio wave is useful for multicasting when there is one sender and many receivers.
 An FM radio, television, cordless phones are examples of a radio wave.

 Advantages Of Radio transmission:

 Radio transmission is mainlyused for wide area networks and mobile cellular phones.
 Radio waves cover a large area, and they can penetrate the walls.
 Radio transmission provides a higher transmission rate.

 Dis-advantages Of Radio transmission:

 imited bandwidth, but you can enhance this by directional antennas, also with
satellites
 eavesdropping, so the communication line isn’t secure, but this can be fixed by
encryption and obfuscation
 interference, which can be reduced by spread spectrum and directional antennas,
also by obfuscating the signal
 Microwave Communication

 Terrestrial Microwave transmission is a technology that transmits the

focused beam of a radio signal from one ground-based microwave
transmission antenna to another.

 Microwaves are the electromagnetic waves having the frequency in the

range from 1GHz to 1000 GHz.

 Microwaves are unidirectional as the sending and receiving antenna is to

be aligned, i.e., the waves sent by the sending antenna are narrowly
focussed.

 In this case, antennas are mounted on the towers to send a beam to

another antenna which is km away.

 It works on the line of sight transmission, i.e., the antennas mounted on the
towers are the direct sight of each other.
 Characteristics of Microwave:

 Frequency range: The frequency range of terrestrial microwave is from 4-6

GHz to 21- 23 GHz.

 Bandwidth: It supports the bandwidth from 1 to 10 Mbps.

 Short distance: It is inexpensive for short distance.
 Long distance: It is expensive as it requires a higher tower for a longer distance.
 Attenuation: Attenuation means loss of signal. It is affected by
environmental conditions and antenna size.

 Advantages Of Microwave:

 Microwave transmission is cheaper than using cables.

 It is free from land acquisition as it does not require any land for the installation of
cables.
 Microwave transmission provides an easy communication in terrains as the
installation of cable in terrain is quite a difficult task.

 Communication over oceans can be achieved by using microwave transmission.

 Disadvantages of Microwave transmission:

 Eavesdropping: An eavesdropping creates insecure communication. Any

malicious user can catch the signal in the air by using its own antenna.

 Out of phase signal: A signal can be moved out ofphase byusing microwave
transmission.
 Susceptible to weather condition: A microwave transmission is susceptible
to weather condition. This means that any environmental change such as
rain, wind can distort the signal.

 Bandwidth limited: Allocation of bandwidth is limited in the case of

microwave transmissio
 Satellite Communication
 A satellite is a physical object that revolves around the earth at a known height.
 Satellite communication is more reliable nowadays as it offers more
flexibility than cable and fibre optic systems.

 We can communicate with any point on the globe by using satellite communication.
 The satellite accepts the signal that is transmitted from the earth station, and it
amplifies the signal.The amplified signal is retransmitted to another earth station.
 Advantages Of Satellite Microwave Communication:

 The coverage area of a satellite microwave is more than the terrestrial microwave.
 The transmission cost of the satellite is independent of the distance from
the centre of the coverage area
 It is used in a wide variety of applications such as weather forecasting,
radio/TV signal broadcasting, mobile communication, etc.

 Disadvantages Of Satellite Microwave Communication:

 Satellite designing and development requires more time and higher cost.
 The Satellite needs to be monitored and controlled on regular periods so
that it remains in orbit.

 The life of the satellite is about 12-15 years. Due to this reason, another
launch of the satellite has to be planned before it becomes non-functi
 Infrared
 An infrared transmission is a wireless technology used for
communication over short ranges.

 The frequency of the infrared in the range from 300 GHz to 400 THz.
 It is used for short-range communication such as data transfer between two
cell phones, TV remote operation, data transfer between a computer and
cell phone resides in the same closed area.
  Characteristics Of Infrared:

 It supports high bandwidth, and hence the data rate will be very high.
 Infrared waves cannot penetrate the walls. Therefore, the infrared
communication in one room cannot be interrupted by the nearby rooms.

 An infrared communication provides better security with minimum interference.

 Infrared communication is unreliable outside the building because the
sun rays will interfere with the infrared waves

 Advantages

 It is a very high speed transmission.

 It has a large bandwidth.
 It is very cheap.
 It can be simple to create.
 It provides a wireless connection between two systems.
 There is no license needed to facilitate it.

 Disadvantages
 It cannot permeate the barrier.
 It cannot use it for long-range communication.
 Conclusion

In This microproject we learn about UNGUIDED TRANSMISSION MEDIA and

how it is used in communication .
We also learnt about its various types like radio wave , Micro wave and Infrared
Communication Media
 Reference

www.google.com
www.wikipidia.com
www.geekforgeeks.com