3 Python Basics Part 2

Python Basics
Lesson 2
Outline:
1. Input/Print Function
2. Output Formatting
3. Import Function
4. String Operations
5. List Methods
6. Slicing
7. Operators and Basic Mathematical Function
8. Built-in Functions
Input/Output (I/O)
The purpose of a program is to get an input,

process it, optionally store it, and display the
results afterwards. Python has functions that
allow the programmer to get user input and
display messages.
Input Function
• The input() function takes input from the user

and returns it.
• To store a value, it can be assigned to a
variable using the syntax below.
<variable> = input(<message>)
Example:
value = input("Enter a value: ")
Input Function
Example:
number = input(“Enter a number: “)
Enter a number: 10
10
Note that the inputted value 10 is a string. You need to

convert this into a number. Use int() or float() functions.
Input Function
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
the value must be compatible when in comes of

conversion
Print Function
• In order to display something,

the print() function can be used.
Example:
value = input("Enter a value: ")
print(value)
Output Formatting
Sometimes we would like to format our output to

make it look attractive. This can be done by
using the str.format() method. This method is
visible to any string object.
Output Formatting
For example:
x = 5; y = 10
print(“The value of x is {} and y is {}”.format(x,y))
Output:
The value of x is 5 and y is 10.
The curly braces {} are used as placeholders.

Output Formatting
Another example:
print(‘ I love {0} and {1} ‘ .format(‘bread’, ’butter’))
print( ‘ I love {1} and {0}’ .format(‘bread’, ’butter’))
Output:
I love bread and butter
I love butter and bread
The curly braces {} are used as placeholders. We can specify the

order in which they are printed by using numbers (tuple index).
Output Formatting
We can also use keyword arguments to format
the string.
print(‘Hello {name}, {adj}’.format(adj =

‘Handsome’, name = ‘John’))
Result:
Hello John, Handsome
Output Formatting
Another way to format:
Example:
x=5
y = 10
print(f“The value of x is {x} and y is {y}”)
Output: The value of x is 5 and y is 10

Output Formatting
Example:
x=5
y = 10
total = x + y
print(f"The sum of the two integer is {total}")
Output: The sum of the two integer is 15

Output Formatting
How input() works in Python
Example 1:
#Get input from user

inputString = input(“ ”)
print('The inputted String is:', inputString)
Or:
print(f“The inputted String is: {inputString}”)
Example 2:
#Taking two integers from users and adding
them.
#Taking num1 from user as int
num1 = input('Please Enter First Number:')
num1 = int(num1)
#Taking number 2 from user as int
num2 = input('Please Enter Second Number:')
num2 = int(num2)
addition = num1 + num2

print(addition)
Example 2:
#Taking two integers from users and adding them.
#Taking num1 from user as int

num1 = int(input('Please Enter First Number:'))
#Taking number 2 from user as int

num2 = int(input('Please Enter Second Number:'))

print(addition)
Example 3:
#Taking two integers from users and adding them.
#Taking num1 from user as float

num1 = float(input('Please Enter First Number:'))
#Taking number 2 from user as float

num2 = float(input('Please Enter Second Number:’))
#to round off float, use round() Function
print(round(addition,2))
Import in Python
• Definitions inside a module can be imported

to another module or the interactive
interpreter in Python.
• We use the import keyword to do this.
Example:
import math
print(math.pi)
Import in Python
import math
pi = math.pi
print(f"The value of pi is {pi}.")
result = math.factorial(5)
print(f"5 factorial: {result}")
Import in Python
import math
pi = math.pi
print("The value of pi is", pi)
result = math.factorial(5)
print("5 factorial: ", result)
Import in Python
• We can also import some specific attributes

and functions only, using the from keyword.
Example:
from math import pi
pi
Import in Python
Example:
from statistics import mean, median
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
average = mean(numbers)
middle = median(numbers)
print(f"The mean is: {average}")

print(f"The median is: {middle}")
Import in Python
Math Module:
https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html
String Operations
String Operations
NOTE: Applicable on strings only.

String Operations

String Operations

String Operations
the strip() method is a string method that returns

a copy of the string with leading and trailing
whitespace removed.
String Operations
the upper() method is a string method that

returns a copy of the string with all characters
converted to uppercase.
String Operations
the lower() method is a string method that returns

a copy of the string with all characters converted
to lowercase.
String Operations
the capitalize() method is a string method that

returns a copy of the string with the first character
converted to uppercase and all other characters
converted to lowercase.
String Operations
the title() method is a string method that returns a

copy of the string with the first character of each
word capitalized and the remaining characters in
lowercase.
String Operations
String Operations
List Methods
List can be modified by adding or removing

a value.
Other methods can also be applied to

further manipulate its contents.
List Methods
inventory = [] # create a list
# Add a new item

inventory.append("screw")
# insert a new item at a specific index

inventory.insert(0, "hammer")
List Methods
inventory = [“hammer", “screw"]
# remove at specific index

inventory.pop(1)
# remove the first occurrence

inventory.remove(“hammer")
List Methods
inventory = [“hammer", “screw”]
# count total occurrences

count = inventory.count("hammer")
print(f"Occurrence: {count}")
# get index of first occurence

index = inventory.index("screw")
print(f"Index: {index}")
# get the total items in the list; using

len() function
print(len(inventory))
List Methods
inventory = [“hammer", “screw”]
# change value on specific index

inventory[1] = "screw driver"
# access value on specific index

print(inventory[1])
List Methods
inventory = [“hammer", “screw driver”]

more_items = ["pliers", "tie wire"]
# extend list with more items

inventory.extend(more_items)
# clear all contents

inventory.clear()
Slicing
What is Slicing?
A way to get values in an ordered sequence.
NOTE: Applicable on Strings, Lists, and Tuples only

Slicing
Slicing
Operators and
Basic
Mathematical
Function
What are operators in python?
• Operators are special symbols in Python that

carry out arithmetic or logical computation.
• The value that the operator operates on is
called the operand.
Example:
a=2+3
Output: 5
Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators are used to perform
mathematical operations like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, etc.
Note: we can also use this:
Example x = 15
y = 4 a = x + y
print(f"x + y = {a}")
print('x + y =',x+y)
# Output: x + y = 19
print('x - y =',x-y)
# Output: x - y = 11
print('x * y =',x*y)
# Output: x * y = 60
Example x = 15
y = 4
print('x / y =',x/y)
# Output: x / y = 3.75
print('x // y =',x//y)
# Output: x // y = 3
print('x ** y =',x**y)
# Output: x ** y = 50625
Increment
age = 5
age += 1 # increment
print(age)
Output: 6
Comparison operators
Comparison operators are used to compare values.
It returns either True or False according to the
condition.
Note: we can also use this:
Example x = 10
y = 12 a = x > y
print(f"x > y = {a}")
# Output: x > y is False
print('x > y is',x>y)
# Output: x < y is True

print('x < y is',x<y)
# Output: x == y is False
print('x == y is',x==y)
Example x = 10
y = 12
# Output: x != y is True
print('x != y is',x!=y)
# Output: x >= y is False

print('x >= y is',x>=y)
# Output: x <= y is True

print('x <= y is',x<=y)
Assignment operators
Assignment operators are used in Python to assign
values to variables.
Assignment operators
Logical Operators in Python
Python logical operators are used to combine
conditional statements, allowing you to perform
operations based on multiple conditions.
Logical Operators in Python
Link for Operators in Python
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/python-operators/
Sample Program
1.Compute the area of a triangle given
the length of its three sides: a,b,c
with formulas:
Sample Program NOTE:
In the str.format method, the
import math last placeholder has a value
of :0.2f, was used to format
a = int(input ('Side a: ')) the number of decimal places
b = int(input ('Side b: ')) to be displayed. It follows this
c = int(input ('Side c: ')) syntax:
{<index>:<format-specifier>}
s = (a + b + c) / 2
A = math.sqrt(s*(s-a) * (s-b) * (s-c))
print(f"The area of a triangle given the length of three

sides:\
\na = {a}\nb = {b}\nc = {c}\nis: {A:0.2f}")
Sample Program
2. Calculating the Area and Perimeter of a Rectangle
Sample Program
w = int(input ('Width: '))

l = int(input (‘Length: '))
A = w * l
print(f"The area of a rectangle is {A}")

Sample Program

l = int(input ('Length: '))
P = 2 * (w + l)
print(f"The perimeter of a rectangle is

{P}")
Sample Program
l = int(input ('Lenght: '))
A = w * l
P = 2 * (w + l)
print(f"Area of the rectangle: {A}\

\nPerimeter of a rectangle: {P}")
Built-in Functions
These are pre-loaded "commands" that

simplifies the work of any programmers.
Built-in Functions
Built-in Functions
NOTE: Used on strings that

are numeric in nature.
Built-in Functions
NOTE: Used on Strings,
Lists, Tuples, and Sets
NOTE: Used on Lists,

Tuples, and Sets containing
numeric values only.
THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS!

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Python Basics

The purpose of a program is to get an input,

• The input() function takes input from the user

Note that the inputted value 10 is a string. You need to

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

the value must be compatible when in comes of

• In order to display something,

Sometimes we would like to format our output to

The curly braces {} are used as placeholders.

The curly braces {} are used as placeholders. We can specify the

print(‘Hello {name}, {adj}’.format(adj =

Another way to format:

Output: The value of x is 5 and y is 10

Output: The sum of the two integer is 15

#Get input from user

addition = num1 + num2

#Taking num1 from user as int

#Taking number 2 from user as int

addition = num1 + num2

#Taking num1 from user as float

#Taking number 2 from user as float

• Definitions inside a module can be imported

• We can also import some specific attributes

print(f"The mean is: {average}")

NOTE: Applicable on strings only.

NOTE: Applicable on strings only.

NOTE: Applicable on strings only.

the strip() method is a string method that returns

the upper() method is a string method that

the lower() method is a string method that returns

the capitalize() method is a string method that

the title() method is a string method that returns a

List can be modified by adding or removing

Other methods can also be applied to

inventory = [] # create a list

# Add a new item

# insert a new item at a specific index

inventory = [“hammer", “screw"]

# remove at specific index

# remove the first occurrence

# count total occurrences

# get index of first occurence

# get the total items in the list; using

inventory = [“hammer", “screw”]

# change value on specific index

# access value on specific index

inventory = [“hammer", “screw driver”]

# extend list with more items

# clear all contents

A way to get values in an ordered sequence.

NOTE: Applicable on Strings, Lists, and Tuples only

• Operators are special symbols in Python that

# Output: x < y is True

# Output: x >= y is False

# Output: x <= y is True

print(f"The area of a triangle given the length of three

w = int(input ('Width: '))

print(f"The area of a rectangle is {A}")

w = int(input ('Width: '))