ESO201A Tutorial 4

Tutorial - 4 (ESO201A)
5–28 The diffuser in a jet engine is designed to decrease the kinetic

energy of the air entering the engine compressor without any work
or heat interactions. Calculate the velocity at the exit of a diffuser
when air at 100 kPa and 30°C enters it with a velocity of 350 m/s
and the exit state is 200 kPa and 90°C.
Solution
Air is decelerated in an adiabatic diffuser. The velocity at the exit is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time.
2 Air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats.
3 Potential energy changes are negligible.
4 There are no work interactions.
5 The diffuser is adiabatic.
Properties The specific heat of air at the average temperature of (30+90)/2 = 60°C =
333 K is Cp = 1.007 kJ/kg.K (Table A-2b).
Analysis There is only one inlet and one exit, and thus ṁ1 = ṁ2 = ṁ. We take diffuser as
the system, which is a control volume since mass crosses the boundary. The energy
balance for this steady-flow system can be expressed in the rate form as
Solving for exit velocity,

5-55 Steam enters a steady-flow turbine with a mass flow rate of 13
kg/s at 600℃, 8 MPa, and a negligible velocity. The steam expands
in the turbine to a saturated vapor at 300 kPa where 10 percent of
the steam is removed for some other use. The remainder of the
steam continues to expand to the turbine exit where the pressure is
10 kPa and quality is 85 percent. If the turbine is adiabatic,
determine the rate of work done by the steam during this process.
Solution
Steam expands in a two-stage adiabatic turbine from a specified state to another state.
Some steam is extracted at the end of the first stage. The power output of the turbine
is to be determined.
Assumptions 1. This is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time.
2. Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
3. The turbine is adiabatic and thus heat transfer is negligible.
Properties From the steam tables (Tables A-5 and A-6)
( from Superheated tables)

Analysis We take the entire turbine, including the connection part between the two
stages, as the system, which is a control volume since mass crosses the boundary.
Noting that one fluid stream enters the turbine and two fluid streams leave, the energy
balance for this steady flow system can be expressed in the rate form as
Substituting, the power output of the turbine is

Ẇout = ṁ1(h1 - 0.1h2 - 0.9h3)
= (13 kg/s)(3642.4 - 0.1×2724.9 - 0.9×2225.1) kJ/kg
= 17,776 kW = 17.8 MW
5-81 Refrigerant-134a at 1 MPa and 90°C is to be cooled to 1 MPa
and 30°C in a condenser by air. The air enter: at 100 kPa and
27°C with a volume flow rate of 600 m 3/min and leave at 95 kPa
and 60°C. Determine the mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
Solution
Refrigerant-134a is to be cooled by air in the condenser. For a specified volume flow
rate of air, the mass flow rate of the refrigerant is to be determined
Assumptions
1. This is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time.
2. Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.
3 .There are no work interactions.
4. Heat loss from the device to the surroundings is negligible and thus heat transfer
from the hot fluid is equal to the heat transfer to the cold fluid.
5. Air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats at room temperature.

Properties
The gas constant of air is 0.287 kPa.m3 /kg.K . The constant pressure specific
heat of air is cp = 1.005 kJ/kg·°C .
The enthalpies of the R-134a at the inlet and the exit states are
(From A-13-superheated table)
(From A-11 saturated temp table)
Analysis The inlet specific volume and the mass flow rate of air are
We take the entire heat exchanger as the system, which is a control volume. The mass
and energy balances for this steady-flow system can be expressed in the rate form as
Mass balance ( for each fluid stream):

5-112 A 2m3 rigid insulated tank initially containing saturated
water vapor at 1 MPa is connected through a valve to a
supply line that carries steam at 4000C. Now the valve is
opened, and steam is allowed to flow slowly into the tank until
the pressure in the tank rises to 2 MPa. At this instant the tank
temperature is measured to be 3000C. Determine the mass of
the steam that has entered and the pressure of the steam in the
supply line.
Solution: Steam flowing in a supply line is allowed to enter into an insulated tank
until a specified state is achieved in the tank. The mass of the steam that has entered
and the pressure of the steam in the supply line are to be determined .
Assumptions
1. This is an unsteady process since the conditions within the device are changing
during the process, but it can be analyzed as a uniform-flow process since the
state of fluid entering the tank remains constant.
2. Kinetic and potential energies are negligible.
3. Take 1initial state of system, 2 final state of system; i incoming steam
entering tank
The initial and final properties of steam are obtained from the steam table:
P1= 1MPa=1000kPa
x1=1 (since saturated vapour: given)
V1=0.19436m3/kg
U1=2582.8kJ/kg
• P2= 2 MPa (2000kPa), T1=3000 C
• v2= 0.12551 m3/kg, u2=2773.2 kJ/kg
Analysis
• We take the tank as the system, which is a control volume since mass crosses the
boundary. Noting that the microscopic energies of flowing and nonflowing fluids
are represented by enthalpy h and internal energy u, respectively, the mass and
energy balances for this uniform-flow system can be expressed as
Mass balance
• min-mout=Δmsystem so mi= m2-m1
• Energy balance: Ein-Eout=ΔEsystem
• mihi=m2u2-m1u1 (Since Q=KE=PE=0)
• m1=Vtank/v1=2/0.19436=10.29kg
• m2=Vtank/v2= 2/0.12551=15.94kg
• mi=m2-m1=15.94-10.29=5.645kg
• Therefore, mihi=m2u2-m1u1
• 5.645hi=(15.94*2773.2)-(10.29*2582.8)
• So, hi=3122.7kJ/kg
(also given that Ti=4000C, so superheated state)
Look @ superheated tables for which P hi is coming
close to calculated value at 4000C
So, Pi=8931kPa (determined from EES)
5-134 An insulated vertical piston-cylinder device initially contains
0.8 m3 of refrigerant- 134a at 1.4 MPa and 120°C. A linear spring at
this point applies full force to the piston. A valve connected to the
cylinder is now opened, and refrigerant is allowed to escape. The
spring unwinds as the piston moves down, and the pressure and
volume drop to 0.7 MPa and 0.5 m3 at the end of the process.
Determine (a) the amount of refrigerant that has escaped and (b) the
final temperature of the refrigerant.
Solution
An insulated piston-cylinder device with a linear spring is applying force to the piston. A valve at
the bottom of the cylinder is opened, and refrigerant is allowed to escape. The amount of
refrigerant that escapes and the final temperature of the refrigerant are to be determined
Assumptions
1. This is an unsteady process since the conditions within the device are changing during the
process, but it can be analyzed as a uniform-flow process assuming that the state of fluid
leaving the device remains constant.
2. Kinetic and potential energies are negligible.
Properties
The initial properties of R-134a are (Tables A-11 through A-13)
Analysis We take the tank as the system, which is a control volume since mass crosses the
boundary. Noting that the microscopic energies of flowing and nonflowing fluids are
represented by enthalpy h and internal energy u, respectively, the mass and energy balances
for this uniform-flow system can be expressed as
The initial mass and the relations for the final and exiting masses are
Noting that the spring is linear, the boundary work can be determined from
where the enthalpy of exiting fluid is assumed to be the average of initial and final enthalpies of
the refrigerant in the cylinder. That is,
Final state properties of the refrigerant (h2, u2, and v2) are all functions of final pressure
(known) and temperature (unknown). The solution may be obtained by a trial-error approach
by trying different final state temperatures until Eq. (1) is satisfied. Thus, we obtain

ESO201A Tutorial 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ESO201A Tutorial 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ESO201A Tutorial 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Tutorial - 4 (ESO201A)

5–28 The diffuser in a jet engine is designed to decrease the kinetic

Solving for exit velocity,

( from Superheated tables)

Substituting, the power output of the turbine is

1. This is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time.

2. Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible.

3 .There are no work interactions.

5. Air is an ideal gas with constant specific heats at room temperature.

(From A-13-superheated table)

(From A-11 saturated temp table)

Mass balance ( for each fluid stream):

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.