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DNA Fingerprinting

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Jeevan Naik
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3 views

DNA Fingerprinting

Uploaded by

Jeevan Naik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DNA Fingerprinting

### Introduction

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is a molecular biology technique used to identify

individuals based on their unique DNA patterns. It has widespread applications in forensic science,

paternity testing, and genetic research.

### Historical Background

The technique was first developed in 1984 by Sir Alec Jeffreys in the UK. His discovery of variable

number tandem repeats (VNTRs) in DNA provided a method to differentiate individuals based on

their genetic makeup.

### How DNA Fingerprinting Works

1. **Sample Collection**: DNA can be extracted from various biological samples such as blood,

saliva, hair, or skin cells.

2. **DNA Extraction**: Cells are lysed to release DNA, which is then purified.

3. **Amplification**: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is used to amplify specific regions of DNA

that are highly variable among individuals.

4. **Gel Electrophoresis**: The amplified DNA fragments are separated based on size through gel

electrophoresis.

5. **Analysis**: The resulting DNA profile is analyzed, and specific patterns are compared to

determine identity.

### Applications

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DNA Fingerprinting

DNA fingerprinting has several important applications, including:

- **Forensic Science**: Identifying suspects in criminal investigations.

- **Paternity Testing**: Establishing biological relationships.

- **Missing Persons Identification**: Helping to identify victims in disaster situations.

- **Genetic Research**: Understanding genetic diversity in populations.

### Ethical Considerations

The use of DNA fingerprinting raises ethical questions related to privacy, consent, and the potential

for misuse of genetic information. It is important to establish guidelines to protect individuals' rights

while allowing for the beneficial use of DNA technology.

### Conclusion

DNA fingerprinting is a powerful tool that has revolutionized forensic science and genetics. Its ability

to provide accurate and reliable identification has made it indispensable in various fields.

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