\Btawchure , Operation ancl Charachertsties of se = Thysiater 41 0 +-dagtned, S-function pnpn pamteonductss “pasitehing darts. ~ Mes 3 tominals — Anode, Gthode anol Gate ic Le SK on unicliectional device. © Schematic oliag nam Circuit Symbol é A a ie Ww ee io k _ he Viadaton Comvises & four layers oy alkunate. p-type # n-type Lilien Jemiconductors forming Hour functions Hh, Te ¢ Ts. ; a “he terminal tennected. te, puler p-viegion goimi einods A, the [Selina eounected fo outer n steflon Gh called gate rapbhode “&’ is ‘the Gate terminal is umally sept rar cattod: terminal T} S0ed ame solid sate oles, Hay ait compact, poster hgh stati al hot dour Loe ue Bo mese : Poscen dardbing Capability Dpoution . 3 E 5 diler has 9 Barke moder sep operation. « 4 types axle mei a f fs Revere blocking mods w Youcerul lecking med \ Yourord Censluction mooleRewer Hocking mole. e the wmotich & epen ( tk, gate oper) -A wt Gathoole vfs rade poritive with ca wierpect to anode « ; 7 . the pupils kh pawpn biased, G . ~ Mh jt 31.59 one aes bai biased Whereas gunchon ae goon 48K cunene W biasex. A imal leakage cuwent lows (ef fhe puley ern mA or #8) Y othe vamenat volings ted , then at Aewerst boreakoloun vollage Var, an avalanche occurs of T4798 + phe nowtrte Quvunt frenanyes vraysllly Fourand Stocking meogle . Here anode 4 perittns with vurpeck to cattiooles, wifi gat chrculk open The thyristor sit satel to dhe pusnd biased. Functions Tr, 73 axe Fetcoard. Biase urhureet junction Ta i vrweorue biased - Gh this mec, a emall current , Calted foward Leakage current fina te he foutord leakage coovent ib vomalts Bem offere a high impedance 7 ‘harafere, 0 adhgrisiet tan be fitafed oa an epen mottch ewan ‘we he fousaid Blocking modlt &‘Sowsanid Gaducton mode. 7 A fhypisten Con be benught from Jeatnand locking mods. fo Aiwarl Conduction meee sty appging ts 1) @ porikive gate pub beimten gale + Cathode . @) iE i by dnermaairy the noo lo Cathode veltape Ahevie. forcoaned co a (ee) ofS, re Afb, this brendalown Happier get turned ites HE hss kK Me Ev characteris of 0 Phynistor. C Cpe Veo - Yousand bireakovey velinge Sb New ~ Revere baeak down Sollee : § ~ Gute owent hitaing cwent (11) Ménteum anode avvunt aequired ite wbuing otha device into Corcluctio Va- Velbage scxees anpek ¢ Cathoole - tolding carent (Lu) Minimum ance govrent veeglined do malatuh fhe device tn a Stoke ‘Dy, should abroags be Bynes Han J, i, QoMu,Thypistos — how on methods f) Fouoand wattage method i) Thermal trlggerig 2 . ae: i) 2M paiggentn - ii) Rooliation / Light fndgpering De aT sa Gate plan toni ggering vi) ousarel vediage MF ae attching Chanachruhe 4 Ser ( ( (€G 0 © OMe eC tees ba tbr + bp bam ~ On Hine by - erst time - Koil fa ~ of Hime bp ~ Sposa frme vee tay fal ~ delay tne bre ~ enorse taconony Aimei 3 wo idee br topabh af sbeing yroitched Jom Jud Blocking tae to prea concluchon State © the tramition prom tutte ile the offen cloned take pdace Teantnnscesly § Ht occupies Dhe pla. puree! of Hime. hE peried Cts known as Prantent period / dransikon tine. ‘ the vantalien a voltage + arin during dunn ON & OFF process fever Ha alyramic wo meh Charactrcres ag BCR Can he turn on *y appl ging ue gate pulse bia Gd ke = bw te See ynottches pam Jrucd blocking to puna conduction sate, Howawen, 7 takes worae Hime: for dacnsition . “Tino Ha 8 divided into P delay time (hd) protess i) sate ma (Ly) ii) gpacool time ( bp) Delay Kime (TA) ae 2 dk mean om the Inatant at echtch gate cawant donches Ae (sor of &) te the Instant at which anode wuvrent Mackes O-1h, C Gt may aloo be defined a4 The Hine during which anode voltage pL pom Va, do 0° Va» < E> Brak volus of ancolt current oO ao ” od * we m he Vay Mirtol » 6 anole voltage “he olelay. Hort tan she bet by opplying igh gate ccoant ¥ mene usone vollnge bho anede § CatheRise Hire (tr) L Fi ds othe Hine taken oly te anode comment ito wim from 01 da te OFl (ak, Oh w Io/ of B) ul Alo Be can dle defined as othe Hine weypired Ty thx Jourorr sblocksng voltage te fall fem 0-4 Va ty Oy Wo. - Sposad Rae (tp) Dh dhs the dime tackcen ay the anode current ko pee prom € COE & 09 & Ww Sa. Alto clidined as time jor the fund blot bing voltage ie gow — fem 011 Va to ib jad om tate yet ohep (Ido 1-5 vole) Tora off process “thyptsit fun off means that Ht has changed pom onto ‘ fl , int 4 crpable of leking prod legs snc ee “is dypamte procs 4 08 jon peed etl jab os tale commutation (tom meff prec to Go : Fe pe eke pin Hf Hs guts es i ont “the §CR tan che dune! Of by wreducing Hx anode cornet sbelno holting coment funn off tne Ey) # ~ Duong Hot dy» abl the excess cannons Jao the 4 loychs B ~ ocr bbe vtmened - 2 ’ 3 a al of excess ovorane comgiala smuscsping ork Y fetes Jeom ects Play ¢ elections rm W degen The Carnions atiound the Sanction (Te) Can phe vamrvecl orlip By pettembination . z COC ECU OCE EE Gtk € (Prserse feo Fina. Ube) 4 Ae GuifanE br, enods Curtunt becomes yero ¢ oft +, E bath & te uh the saute olixection + - The vanawon fot sebtansol Of anode current cs olue do the Prennee of condor sitotesl tn Hue four keyed luring tonuction + Tn aiden te tann-tfy ta Hyriitons, thse carries theutil de viemeved . 7 x Reacrr Aacourry oWirent Armonos camntens prom functions Trt 13 Fohueen the fnatants Fr ¢ T8. TM Th, when about bof: of Fhe atfoied changes ane pamoved Sperm te outer ayers, the box ba thant decaying - joke secomery Hime Leg) 3 Ab 13, athe excess Camrions in Ti Sa are stemoveal of they con cibocke pamenye At tha wal 0f To, the mibldle funehiom Ta At has some Preappeot c (oc | ore he the tot Uo unable to lock tie fruvol vet. pe ‘hem Charger cannot poe Hovough external einuit + Gan be | Semone wily iby sucsni bination i ae [Ty = by te G cote © JStructure, Operation | Charackrtities of “Tarac ne TRiooe § AC Bidline ction Phagos bos with tree terminals (HT Me GG) W Tico Hhypisirts conmcte aniiparattely (chy back fo back) AT Mn MT G 4 el : furl PasliirN ~ an ~ Ms fan] - MT. S Wthe doune can cenatsch by oth tha aveckirns , fe demas anade Calf ae not oppltenbl fo dxlac- be Dts thor denminacls Oe seppayenlled as Hr (Hain terminal Je ~ Ha (Main teminal 2) and the gate’ by ~ “the Gale 6 iy naan ferminal HTiqp c bh conctect to NaNiat well ad he, Sotlan by founinal MT) es Connecieol to Px 4 Wai tominad HT2 lb tonnectol to Pr o Wd, “Totiac fan wht homed on in each hol cycle of sthe applied veltege- iy seplging & ppatitive 04 ntgadine voltage fo Fie gale with sypect fo HT. ft cpewits bo 4 mele . w sf Foucmd blockieg wrod ° cL Foucard Conduction moole , % Reverse blocking mode Rewenst Conulaction moolk -- eee S Band om ite basing givin yo the terminals , a ™ i € Mn? -¥® ore reve G Cte PLN, P2LN2 > FB NIP2 _, eg. foe When Gye w+ to ATH, CF Hew Hncugt pe ala finetion madi. & Whe gt, has dngected emipficcent Chaarge th Pe ayer, RE junction we bacaks clown fraie + eifine Filine egpenattn ia epaitoaeat - e Taine new tants coneluctinng frongh Pr Nr Pa Ne days. Under this conetilion , tone vepexates in D quacbant Mr save fo seve Gs ne When pote ferinal i We gour-to ' Mey flows Hhrwugl Po Ns jaenction- Gnittad * Condachion TNT Pe = FB Corn Pevts) CS Snitially » faiae dfants Qnclucting Phowugh PLN) Pa a layers» ~The velinge drop acne Hit path galls but potential of layer bleo CNs nits rewards He anode potential of MTz The potential graslient exitls acrost fa f a of Pets LF fore sagin of PO + higher pobatial doxpil) ‘ Right 8 ow «9 > bowtr -y Ava Coneynente , night hana pork of dine ceihey of PIN Pans Megins te conductoe. 3: HT 2 tye Mr2 :=Me Gore Les, Gye foie P2 to Ng RB jn Ny Prk bxoken Stnally » Px Mr By Na’ ds Houned om completely Py Nx ~ FO No fngeth Ou thle Py says # a Core Ma direlt , RB jy N,P) breaks oloutf + ‘Yuenhalty , Pen) P Ng - 9m - de 4: Mr twe Mra: =e Gi ue Jy flows form Peto Wa + Me ~ Booker 4 snobby PLN) P) Ny — on Static VE Chanackalifics-Power MOSFETS (Metal - oriole -esericonclachn pielol- effect franscito) re . Voldage tontrolled deswice Vnipelan oleuite a2 Const of Btaninale duain(D), Sure (1) and gat (6). - Ligpes < n-channel thhmmement Moseer (mest comme s prchanel enhanerunt Hodrer £ Aymbol baste athuctune (n- channel Maséer) we channel pochannel Ree & | ‘ - = ravool, oe i iam ts deviide, Source 3 ¥ On provabrteat. , two heavily dopesl nit magi ame chigfured + hg Sonatading Ragpes of alton dale (3%0,.) 2 grown on fhe purface- : a “this Envnteding layer elcheal in dts de pmbed eta tlie ns ole pomunads te = ne yi metol a ato daportted on 60, Lay po a : one ‘ hath fenninal . . cet in obehuern prounlt + Ten dhe goth of More ve! Tourer Marfets fagyitres hose carmank fer cutrent plow ta : tetlectes qd adpo TF weguices only amall Hp gual. ‘the atiching empeed wy high othe mrattching fra talon of nanoarconds - Poutn Movoto pind appltections t Lacs power high Prequenty Pann cpmbens the tits One &An n-channel enhancement type Modfet pay no phapitead SBewest. (When Vag tvt, an cluced vellage attrach He ehekors rom ~ peorubitant accumulate Hess ak le ayaa Binet the extde age Tee We pnt tan aan 0 vntae tore at threes Volkage Vp» a aniline ambin of 04 an mccain FE JP" wihhal n-channel aval ix tabnbat plouies prim He onan # stpwneey Ir p> = An n-channel depletion - type Heyet A permed on potype ailfcon= toate » “the gab. is Preladed favor he channel shy o thin ontile lays” = ye gwin + vp _ aaa! oo RE RCEN “he gate Ae ounce voting Vgg utd de efthien tut ome q Vaa & negating , dome of Fhe tp ln tte n-channel ane sepelled da diptetion veegton oh creates! beled the crete dapn, havalting tne narrower effeckine thannal 4 av high veritance from dain to soutes Rog ~ “therfore no Quint Hows jor dain to Howne » Ipe=d- x “the value of Ves whtn this happers th tabled prnehe off vedlage fr ‘the Powe Horminals oe called the wubeinate de normallyDuwtiid Gali Bipolar Tranvster (1687) & LGBT so combinakion a both BIT and MOSFET thas £487 ponents Myb Input Impeolance Mike a power ModFEr rd hat bowen ital powen ren ot ba B37 Jurdten, EGBT cs pee port wstont brrakdown problem \uesent oo BIT = Tae1 th alee Known pa metal onicle Mnardated gate Hronsiites A (ostGr) Com eluece? wel - modelntel firéd epfect dranvistor (COMEET) oF gptin modulated FET (BEM EET). “ Alao called as tnruladeol gite fransior (£67) ae Bosic ufruchine - c it 4] pie ta mint EZ I-20. layin E ee The Consfaction of Hoapet Us vvimilar én bHactene as powte sipet except ow thing ‘the paajor ffenonce vi tak nt dayer rebshate ab dit drain tn Power Monpee substitu fn fhe gar oop a pT dagen white pallea collech C+ Th (hat, pt substade dy alten frpecdion Layer ebecnuse it Fijects chats indo mo dayon“ihe wo dayor tall and region S “the fhtckres of wo dagen debermines the voltage bleckag capaci, of £07 “ The play ds called edly of LH8T. Mhe Wt dager fn Aeroon pt tp magcons perues 7 accomodate . Ha depitetion slags Of pr pienction Ch, Te) ior ~ emitter, THB Whaon celtecder os madt poritive eotth, suapect te gel foward piosuel - “ Wim ne volinge bthwtin gal 4 emcttir, foo functions behvenn wo vagion of p Aagion Ca, Fa) ore neneue blued} Ao ne coment. —— Plows from collect: to emitter o Whan gate aa mraole porinve wee’ fe emitter dy voltage Vor, with J gotta valley mort pan He prusheld viltage Vosr of EGET, ~ an n-channel Frversten dagen 8 soured by the upper pert ype Gust pensath He gab) os fn pour Hetfel . - thas ne cBannel dhat chtl the n° seegin with nt emlites seegtoms Fdattions peo nt emitter begin to no to nv dnigh tepion thowig® n-channel» e As 607 i puod braved with collectsr ponitive 4 email, negatives pt coliecter vragen infects holes into nv leigh viepcon * L wel Hibs, Hee injuctin, can hea in wa agen fs gawideaot, {asa verult, Conductivity > We onagion onkanty aye eantty - ‘hens foe, IHOT gee toned on Begins fe Conduck foward twrrent de % SToe9 fotch we thatwae wnattehing chaxachntstes, t © sun on Heme : Ett deginod as whe dime bho the instant @ forward Shooting We pawarel otto + — ; Hire (yg) anal alee Hae Trurn-on time is corporeal of aolay an “ = ima Clan) - Dy bs olepinael ab the tims fri he collector emitter voltage te wget fiat Mee He Dit eR, Vee > Dnbtiod collector emiter vol. we - St ds abo olypined as tha Hine pot athe cetlecher current do slat os httal dleatage cantent Toe to 01 Te. feos final value of odectes “Ref Ce) Tt Gs the time ag | whith colliectts -emiil voltage vette falls pon ey eg to Ol Vow wine Eh is alro difined as the Hime get the collector carrant 10 yu Onde te rt prot value Ze a talked ates Hine en , dic Le 4 Veg falls te amalt rates machin drop = Kes (a derots = dakuratel Value) Tun eff Hime. Be cats op 8 Petals daly time Cbrtg) , athe jolt “done (Ip) and fhial palt hoe , (ly,)- w k, ope bal RaresDelay time day) ; “ie Sa tha Hime ducing whieh gale volings jolla fom Vay 2 ~ Hioushetd veltinge Vas ~ & Vere jath te Veer duainng bah, he catleetes Ouvank falls prom ~ Lp 09 Te. . Ab othe orl of lap , teltectes= emcthin velinge wbigins fo wert - Hnat pode there (tps) © ~Uefined as athe Hine cluring which Te Ralls from gotedey. fe fe value Te . ~ also depinesl as the ime ring whick Voge Hens from Mees GH ol Veg ere “Final Jol He (42) . » deptraal os the bine doving which fe falls Jom ao to of of % ~elie aipinad ax the Hor duoing which Veg nin fiom O-1Ve_ te final volue Veg. V bm | |“fact (thigrated gat Cmmutated Thr bites) ~ The PHCT integrates a gale commutated thyrator CECT) toirh, “a prucllflagerad prinkal ceuit bonsiol gate obfuce Ered The Go tha hard aroticked G70 with a wen fast wl laxpe ate coor pulst ai Lange at tia full atid currants Had dwt cout all fhe cowent from dhe cathools into the gate tn about “ala deo enrre a joxt fon = off» the faternal abuckin gf equivalint elneadt of a ocr ane wintlen sts Mat of a Biro. Sw Chat weckion of ZacT wlth a revere olioale WTP LE LLL LLL A [ret | e fin TOCT may atvo thane an Indeprated viverse olivol, as vou dog the tnt p function on the walght ade og Bhan LHCT Atuechiow ~ Sinton fo a GTO, an MTo (HBB hon-obg Hgaliters) ¢ an £T0 Cmittin turn-off thyristors), tha nl buffer slayer enone eu the cottage wits akon dhe nm va, teluces the thdeknews of on” Layer, a the on-atete Conduction desta, d maker Me olewler abymmutiieThe anode p-layer ts made thin 4 dightly oleped do alte x Wty venereal of changer fom Vix anedi -dtidle clung turn oF” wun - OM, Similar to 90, the TOCT 3 turned an by applying ceaenee a fo (6 gate . b a pipadeel The DHCT GO turned off by a multliayersd gate abiath can supply a fast siting turn-off pudet » Dus dea very -uthert aturation pube, tht prally vvemlacesl and hn gati-dnlne energy conmtmpiron a ind mined - “The gate -obwve power raguinamont 2 ved by a facies of M2 lLompared with that of te GIP - To apply a dost Aising + hgh gat tuvrent < The £6r0T pointer a wipectal effort to vreduca fhe inluctonce of the 7 : Je Cee ee ec aeaecye Creuiby 01 dow as porstile. “this featira abe mecenary dor gate drive cincuili of 04 Efo. E ( a biete t ee ec eBFate fun off thyristor (aT0) Adu df GID: ents £08 ¢ . Comenttorad Hhyslateas (Ta) tan be cavity es by ay poe oF . “he gate Aes vis contol one ff comes do On-dtale : ‘the OTs tan pow Le homnesl off by eapentive ¢ bully Cnmuctehion realty. “there obrowrtacks Beol did to ithe ghucdrpment Y tos AG Utke an SOR can dhe sooner en ly spplyrng et gel vlonal - Howenen, a Gf can che tanneal off by a —we Gob wigret: ~ A a Ga nen latching olevice + Can che bectlt cxPth Ch 4 vet Fotings viintlan te these of an ECR» A GID can ibe fwirel om hy applychy a short tue pulse F Funned off by a dhe vt pale to fH gate: Sg alhtch-on olevie, but to afeo a sateh opp ctwlee-A Gio & papn, thre dtrminal device with anode (A), is Cattele (kK) + gate (4) Compared fo a CT, HH hor an additional n° dagen rea the anak Hab ferme a dowry eke Bir a LK Gh UM with I Reser ee ws ha Gf has a Aighly tna aligted gate atachas Leith ne tggernecis fo, e a As cornequance, a ange Initial gate dodggen pale t4 ragpcned to dunt on Gree the Give os fumed on, foward gote curvent maa be na continues for the whol of Hs conduction period fo enter he device Aemains in Condu chon - wee tha olavice Garnet tumain x conduction tuning ie, pete ‘the on-state gate cy howkd Be akdeart 17h of the tuan-on pulse fo ~ erkunt that the gate detinot dale. we Turn- off sia racniy pans gle di, fae tlh wr, ws “ton ee The tua eff paces gh a Giro, egal tg eovrent bs applied ocr gate-cathodt termined . 8 Aro Re mut che sbrought out of etadunadion Jo, Ba usiuld whift to ackne veaglon fae euerdually cherncelf the Gio.eye Sowing Charackristtn op 60. : Yer fening-on a 67D, Beak goonatater Tee i tense @ + this in tan cliches en Tea fe apply a rue galt-oh polt to hanmon GP» Zs i furning off the air, The few -tpf okt -thould be capable of Fubpulting @ sigh peal cy. ha denna proce ib tatatedl by preg Hayrtrtes Tr + pian HB ny 6 Cony -we gate current pac jon of the te Jake turn-on the gate dunncom Hime of GTO A made up o delay tims, vue Hh, and spasad time lke CT Youher,fwn-on fit ih Jersrel fa TD dan be veel % Bing ‘gate cunt as tn @ thyristor . , AA sAdegp - preted gat polos Grodin, torneo thie fo 6 & applad to funn-em GTOGate dafar can be vemouedl Mme aroct Ch exceeds datching Y count + * However, ome manugactouns aclvie that eusn aftr oto © on, a teniinuons galt ch calles! back porch ch Eph whould be ~ apphad during the entire on-penced ef GTP . ~ his de dont de owsdl ony posribility og unuonted turn 8 of whe GD + ie Tm 2 bg aty t bp = Gale hun off Beforu the inlfiation of - tnn-off process, & G7 canes te — daly ewrodnt Ie. : “the dofal Aun off Hine by Ly snbeliveled Orbe Hiseo iff poricas ; namely ithe eetage period (by), te palt period Cig) ane Fie teil posted (y). Ss time (ts . Han cue gots conan Us appliod « Ge Qala He hee Gy pAvcesa as ink During ithe afrogs demain tonstant ot a Termination of Pht aferoge prtod at frelieated by a RREE ne period » noel: ch fay anode voltage - fa 4 noe de Va. Dantng by, the -ve gale ch vaulter to & Portlulan vader 4 pruprnzs Ha GID fot HMOs by Hashing out ht atioiad carmiontya Atty fa, Jolls B a ortein vat ¢ tan abuupity changes Ch vate of poll - Fatt Hime (4) ‘he oval aaring whith jalls napilly & called bpd is fa orden of vette Mee Ett te Hime be kyt lp, thane ta ple tn vadign he « biupk tn anede . satel ‘ thats volnes te, Ta d Va. Heep moving Hrusarcls ten ih Spa time by (tall tne’) ae Ofte by, Ex peaches pono volun £ Va unulorpers a trantect owheot das te ithe prasance of Res + Han ufabiliges off-site value 2quat fo He youre vellage applied to the anode cH. Here Ry $ Ge one The Aewlbes Chreeilt parameters - “the tomn-iff prcen o complete when fail ch wtachts goreRewer transistor - BIT : A bipolax dronistry ho 3 logon, # fi npn @1) p Ader device « ~ With one p-nagion dandioiehel by te nenegiens y npn frenvete. bb np esemicondde ‘ Wit one renege a _ ep Pe A BIT han @ feowminall cothetes (C05 emitter Cé)¢ base (6), pmo franatators pnp - taanetstet ~ c Symnbot Le Ze £ Z Fey an Nem type, the emibien eviole n= clayon & paads ustele, whe pobase Ub Ratdiew, ancl Me collector rhe ndagon Cs Paknow and panucly deped « Yor a PNP. type , He emiitey stiole p-layer bs mole wide, He n=bose Db nawioc, & fhe Collect, sole plage Reread heawily doped «“he base + cettectes camsant flew rough M0 proc Wel path, aorotiing tn a flow on-state colbectet- emillin vertfance , kee Com).~ Pouen trannies of n _ pe type ane ey to manufactrine phe cheaper alo + a harefere, Use of power nep-h duonstes 4b voy wide in igh votkage + high - Gamant oppulications | The ane penilile chk ponptgwrations for a doanbistes , CF) ce, + ce- Bure, thde , Ce confqowhin A mate cominen in vositohing applications : = “thet Gre 3 epenating sugiens of a daansisdor = Cub off» AON @ patunaton Cube, vguen Gn Uh vugion, othe townsisies D off on the cnnagh de juan Hon 4 bo junta ane puanerae Hos ~ base event LF Ree Aciive region as Gn shia vapiin, the tramcies wel Gh an emplifion where ~ Yhe bose count ts ampdtiiad bg a gain + sthe collectet— enaillar voteape bs with He bare cb. form ~ "Ue Cotlectet ~ bart + ok Re + baseremillr jy tb PB - senna, Biagton the Devt He a egal en “The ase of ads vupptcently digh ae that Me collector - emit voltage hh low 4+ He tanritie act as ae unctich . zt Both jus (e-8 fa + BE Gn) ore Jrucd biaved « a dn Ha eagion , Be fronriter acts Uke a mnoltch.Le ZIP Chonactenintes Grek gaan Bp & | Fouoard Cement gan we ke | Te Relation Behutnn 4 5B we At fe > Sak pe a bath by Vo Ame e F Petey Ga Suto d > cat off 4 Sat - > gr Ve 20 Pp Verret, + OX Le zo T, = - We ode lee VeeSuoieching Chansetnistin of power BFF PS litan bore covunt, b applad , Pranvite dente dunn on instantly Ble? of fhe presence of fain capeantne When lp vettage Vp do base cher Er. made “Yer ad boy” fe EB gy B Rte Wye aM the a a a : c Ab by, Hp vel vy bo made td fa Alber to Foy. — die tiki len fo win Jem od Veg Sani big6 | Aplin roma Hina clelay yt, caleal olny Hoe the Te ihe | be ot dens Vee jolts Jom Voc fe 074 Vee +” “ha calay Hine Bs meyuined fo charge Ha base ~ emitter | Gpeatianes fe aes 27% Thus delay How (Hl) ds defined as the tine dlaveing which |i ie Pees Jom Of Oey Y the fale port Veo # oFlee, Ala ta» Te wtses foo 0° Loy to O° Len + Veg padle & | fOr 04 Vee fo oF Vee tn time brs “the hist Howe by oir olefined 08 He Bina haring. wove Te |uclies pom -1Tey do 0'9Vee + Vee godds prom P-Tec fo OF Ver ba depends upon tyancertes pry capacitances thay tak tn fe [Fons | AL Hime tes fp veh Ug te hast Cer evened prom ly, to Va. At the same Hime, bar courant changes pom Joy 4 ~Tes Nepattie dete ch ton vitae excceet carrion farm the baw. | “the He by waysiad Jo tone Heese Gace canard 2 cabled atrcoge Holle omy afte bo, Joy bugins eV He yee Hy ab defined as fhe Hine deviley wht Fe pelle From The fo 09 Tes & Veg mists ftom’ ogg fo 0'!Vee « “bet dime (Gp) alegre as the pine daring cM fom 09 Ty te ole + Vos sebes on 0-1 Mee th O°, | thas bof = ft Ep wrhiek€ Gat. triggenning ete. é a t «Ce | Fale) Byte) HH) ua Pais a deniggnn cer ding power He prvotods Chl yy tl OE, fy ot GM yo grb vouner vellege Gy ge i. Wy ~ gule-cathode voting po = sounte Seesutane — de tuck, | Yhe Paternal taritone Ry of tigger sommes Ahokol | shat oh (Rate) & net Aanmpud to Hie vroun ee at well on do the | got car whan See heel 2+ ~ | Be case Ry bs ola, an enteral oul dy denier with Re mark she Connected 3 A wetritance Q fi ahe Connecteal ReheH poh cathode denmiradtt So 240), wo at te preity an dary path te tie feo of aakagye chy othe Bee Hminals | Bn + Vpn ane the in gts OF gate ol b Heme $ce, than TO unin pom GB tae th Forage Ry & Vga they 4 | dha, Higgan viewer voltage Be & pheen ly - | Bas (get See) + Yn -i been, és é ef both Avice tha denies. dh vine of the, fot velecking the penalty pe for the ob [eye tb, a hood fine of He gale Monee vattaze ej toned drawn as AD i pic. Here 0D = tnigger cbt chink chedt eh = GIR. Lek ws donvicler a thyristor hore Uy. channceealite O ipicen by uvent 9 Padvvechon a tend tO tm cine 8 gio eperattng PE as | Thus por #eR , 9% vel PL + gate oy = OP. | pan fo tris tony He ge unnedincle bernom, th load stan phanee operating pl &, which may change pum de tods mur be aa clon to Ha Pyaw carne ad posible At the Asma fine, the seporating pt 8 ait init commes (4 2 “the gradient oy Me Lond’ dine ADE oA/oD) us ge | reputed gat source Htittfenes Res “the minim Vober of ga snes wonder rertidanee Us Hboined shy abrauetry 0 de he famgert fo fpr aust Lk within HeGate diay Agpnements fn dooms Of tondtnuioues ce vi ye | tan bt whtotrol fom pe 8. | Howser, 9 Te csrumuon Me war a pele bo sigaen a. Hyatt | hyriiin tt couidened te she @ charge emnetiot devia haus -Aigher the magathade 2 gate ey puter , rear o & Hint fo lyect fhe vuegsuinad charge fot fuonuiy on A pnt Thurston, BR tow en hime can abt sutdaceal ty tering 8 poy Ge . Sh aheuld dhe erred Hak poole wollth Oo nffiedint fo ~ aller? che anode cy bo exseedl ntchiny OF « En prmchie, gate pute wholth Lh wmiatty daanazapel ts 8 gnoata than, SCR twin-on Hime . loli joule truggentig, grenkin amount of pooken divsiporion [debe atlowed 5 ths shone, dwsever be dan Han te peak Fetbontons ph os aianipaion Papas hr - ts Yaspamay of Jeriag for tnigges pues con she ob tnned Ay _ faring pune of GD Orpelttude Farm (1) pub urfolth 4 Ceo porioolicityT) ~ Pon T = or foan Tre tan we ee Rie Bee stom ey | to hyd Bly Gn) Ppl Ah AIRE , | Bathe vit cut, Yow oe, oh fF * Baw cee © aTaa Patra Gate lien i Trstead q applying G Goeition PC) gat abut , the puteol ~ gate alone bb wszal « - “he gale vol doh one appilitd ch the poam of Aiph pray probate — the Frey, Y Hem pels a upto 10 kity, Heno tha wtth of the pulse tan she upto (oo Hace - ss he pulted gat drive i appdid foi Follewiy asasons . . i) The GOR shar mall turn-on Fir (a, upto 6 Hacc) - Hence a purlre of grt obecwe ahs sinffetant to turn on the HR ) Gre SER rui-on, there Os ho nted HY gate abalye « i Hence gat drine in Ma fosm of putas 8 vniltable ws iil) Ye De gat ved $ ch My alenes tn Me ger. Picksed gale cbse has reduced fevs - I. ~ N) the putred gute diving can che eanely parsed a i elahen transformers Ho Hola SORA Tag ear % Reyuinement oy Gale dive. ~ 1) "The mam gute pewen should not dhe excraded by gat obaive ,ebe SR will she . ) the pot veld eh akeuld ibe wlthiy phe Limits apeclped by pe Chanae fo ehcderpud fwur-on — ) The gate abet toatl he prepoatly pulsed « - ny) Ue wielth of hu puulre vrhtubll be Sufficient to turn-on Ber aceceay ty Y) The pati obue should ple frolalid Hechitally from the ce The aver amy dlawag, fo Phe tniggen chr of i Case See cog a W) The gate drive ukeutd excead permistcble ie fll Porrectctte ~we gale fp tat ve, oHewire Sch & . . Va) Wiha gate dive cht rheubl aot inte ch ouk of Mt Jk age devi-onTevwouer grade ICR nde = he ScR1 which have tour off Hoe rss Phan 27a ae Cableol overter grace cer. Bach Stes ane cere in Insentens, choppers of < Gruerkr pod ses he g °, ‘ 7 SCR, hei angen hoon -ogf Hines (ty, 7 26-8) ave cattsol teenies grade seer. Such $c ams wid in tonbolled nackpin, Ac voltage chip ete, ‘the yak vel (Vp) & plotied wrwrho gate CY) th fhe = cheat + G tonact) > Hane gate Oh Haat can flee Harsugi sc0 tt . out damaging H+ - apemed > na pu at he oer ~ vg oni ) AT ia) Hin gate wt +H, 7 vphudol et : Gorin) < G «Gow £ - yoni vg <0) " hea Ge dha cane for constant gait power LI) . shan joe elias hrnen, the ip, 2 PE mart die te Hada oven elon whieh goo ctr! De tunna-on ek onsccepspully « - Note that wpurious vil} eh Apher at He gate punt A sles Han Mp onde) be & (oeln ) ae awed pole biggrin x SCR - “the gate shown shana ane bet DC values y pat vel t tbeA duty cycle ts leflnad 24 the aco 9 puclee -on penind fe & poricolic Hu of pulic » CO Nghe pny amin tpt * galego sets Vn Th AGC)» pale - on period & T ¢ partbdce Hime un. co Tharafere , duty qyele § oh gour by. ber 2 fT. Beg i {oe & Fyn 0 Ip. tm | hms Haber, the fusler of $y) aw modulated de gee” ~ a ttn pubes aa rhewn tn fi Ce). ; . ~ a technique q pody ithe ihyaindet bs called Aigh-praguene mer aq we ee wantgeh tijd ys matad fig #8 1 jana cbewtr faking, seeduceol cLimensons ¢ Hherafere Ore pyerafl econorleal (aeMign of tig pulse hanfotmtr ranked Jot fookatng athe slow proven cht fom tha man pan che Heh om SR yt Zp ane pectpiad suparately . he maprihte of gute ved gale ch por driggerty On See |fnvcucly preperdonak te jn den |FCCC ote ca The poring et shoul produce fhe triggering pts for euery Physio at appropriak fastents - ‘the iggy poles genvraled hy Ohl ch pasa to he amplified # passed Haouph the cwlation ce ~~ the triggerig pulses gerrated by ch ce t + have very etmald =” path. - Hons their power dr fed by pul amplifies « “the posing cn opel at tre vet devel (8 40 20 vale), wo wets), rdrel Be fhyrds operas at Aigh vol devel CF Hens there must she elected Erolabiny ble yindry cor tyra hes Ee provider! by Hen pobre Framsformes O71 Op coupler .Rm 2 Wed to ikintt Ty vos Prost value . ats = Snrtne ooh G (oom). ko tale liging wes - ~ hes whould nor exceed Vy (mdi) , Cbre Pyrls will denna alive chty « ; R-> yaniatle vers + de hig 7 Tt Z fi mar. Rt, ange Me = Reo, We Hggoty angh 1s i ‘the Van + Gane inphase Hence the Agger ang of Tr Cannot Be stint git sv of i te eet “i will make T qo ON. es Disedy w= V5 & # ply dlependent on Seki H own) - : Jeep clepenent> os : do of tan Be varrked fo dot (0 ae Plytan be 1 oy a During ve Saif cele + rade te bashed 7) vel te £8 g oo Th - off. oAc fring cht / Half esome Re gory cht , oe \% i)-ve half cyche = Gap! ehangts te Me e Haough BD, fo - enpply vol» i) ae bal yoke of atvcanges (2, charges fosnad 9) Hanegh @ daring He ge hall eqelt of fhe veppy “the Feyais T tigges when sue capaci, ved appecnig to gale BT - changes dp valus > Vy tmin} ss p, prevents Kon bt vonied jen do Ato" Ree Ee ao fa depply fray - Sines prugyaning a conbolied brty wy one half eyehe of the vetpply > his okt es Called Aang coat Re foriy chk By vorfog the can he varud from Oro /F0‘ell wame RO* Jihing chee S Supply do 7 & given Fhcough tncmbotled ne chifien « Hence both half cycles dre tee halt weld te Ty» he ‘cl atonts Charging ‘in be waaay half cyte at the aginning : - Whanewts the Ve vueaches ¥ Vgtminy, Th fun on, 1 Ye ty clamped do gere, AU pect Sol ty of» he Eoin halt chang fom gi “the of ~3 Of po , _ talggeriiy tom hotled tn go cycles, - One Fi -om ROP OFT aS anf Hout s of& Bite ihe: nen whan weRe wee "the lalehing caiment fe Pyiteter eke & hy Bs SOMA, The olunation ft ficag prclue ts oar. LER fhe Hhaytator get jinedl } - . Ay the @cq telggonad, He auvnt i le WU AL eeponanitally in the fndaceatve cht « “i 4 jay: Kfi-e™) eo ee ~ oH whee te 4 g . : Glen b= 05H Te a 2 0-025 sec = gema re rd ow kp. | a BO RL V= tov. RM (Boxe) = too (re vod) bem. zo = R99 ml fy loss than the given Gar the colewlated Cheuit cwount value akehing ch vad Of De Fen, 1 coll net get pines The cht ahoum te Yi Ama, wwbtain the . fumn-on deat aidth of Die gaiteg goalie raqlinad te peperty = the aca. i oan rf Gin cel bauapenting OF # Vow E> pulse “votaltl los PeAme ~ Tha ChE tan Gs Ved oe alt oe ot v . Tndegpasiog om boli wiles, b= £ I “tha He nun wiolth oy rie(3c 3. Griputer ithe speak turenae voltage of Hyrdd fot connected. tn three phase, 6 pul Alelge ext dauring Hp wattage Of AIS V Vedbape Aafely jock Bat, i wW kit Ph = TE Vin Vp Ye Vol pagel fache £ € 2 YG KAIEK Be] - = 1232-49 ( co Cec cect d c EgTwo tranrster mood yo thy rlitor he vane a tatehirg aotion ou do a ye feedback Gan he olemonateated 4 whey a heb-tnansittes moolot 4 thyristor « . 2 Agert, A thyniates rede Convidered pa hoo tomplumentany Heres me prp-dranititer @) % othe npne transfor, Ax (0) “thypater (2) & (2) Tivo tranetster model of a thypithr. tchematic diagram Ty off eth, Ze ty wedaled to Tp ay 6 — Common base tumiant Te + Ig +2ceo ge hoa - Commén base Leakage C4, ter Ba, Ig ehh | Lee Fer Wr Oy, Fey Far Tee, + O 4, = Comman-base ep gain of Bs ego: = Commion- bait Aenkage ch of Bi Maly PG, dey = ot Bet Sean —-@ M2 = Comenen bare Ch gain of Or Teeor = Common bart diakege ch y & Dp. > Fmittin ch Of Gee Tey + Fen : ay Sy = 1 Tat Neo) + M2 ke +Ica02 5 @ When gati ay L oppdied , than e+ ,@ + My nee +2 ce02 at 4 ' ag 4% * Tevet + eapt 1 1 (v4, +62) an “edt ch gets eb soy tia i in De, of obutleli op rapidly « “nth ye oh 98th thy, Py (ots + 42) & vey bw. Under Hare corded» He bent gp ahews that food Heteg orewhak more Hor (Zcoo + Jeeox) Hee" 14 aby om means Be Af bas trina tan be fel bo agen do tty go tala. fla deen te dann on. al aus ent Of S ree’ CTranstater aausttch: Tranttiter eporatis asa unaitch when tr & eperatid fn SabunaFion (en) Cut-off wteton fp rowhint Oe on the tool Ling. Poe ideal corr, . faansiy, operats ak pala Ain ay ate as olasel ooh cA with Vex =o 4 ab point & th fhe oubeff ate aa an open witch wih Ty, 20. «sate Sa prach’pe or lange Ta » the fronp oll we ANTI aboph 1A hth Salt: Veg onset wel olnee” When, the base ch & raduced dp pro, te dries 4 off 4 Ue operated fn cut off raptor (oprraton ali 2 © / te Applying kyL, Va 4p Pa ~ Yaw =° Ta = Ve-Vee Ro, Abe Vee = Vee + eke Vee = Me - Leke But pede Veg 2 Mee Ble Re, te . - te F stat ie, ho Veé * Veat Vor Vea = Vee Vor& Vows & the Colltcter Emitttr tat VX, Han tally of Tey fd gover bs ¢ Zog-= Yeo — Vers Ra + che corrcepening minimum bast Cotunt , that proolaces wey fag = Tes. 2B. Edy < Loy, Ban BT espera oo achive dagen ¥ Zp >Tas , than Ves & almatt afte te, hes flows Phat Te at fod vremains ecditantialiy const. 3 ue ted» even Af Tn @ 5 . : - : vied. Bery wtih te >See, hand dione of trans obtat we en-atate domes will f° Dyive tector (02°). & . one = Je (opr wilt be aahigh ad dort). e Ovex - 2 Bee Bes < vasa! op gar 2 pred co pein Pe = YYhe dofal power ders ee a Pr = Var te * Ve Union wah aint, both fry exe Power trans 4 FB,= th a dhatnsctine phenemanen, vert pm tha of How © a ammalt portion of the base, producing pocaliged hotspot « TZ rhe enmngy a tae Act spob bs wagftetint, the poecepine ecabigesl Heating ming Hlamage the doanviater » Yhe 2° breakdown ts camel by Hhermad duurmaay , penilli- from high oh concenbradtond » Yhe ch Concentration rraiy oe caused fy efecks 2 fhe Piansestor wabracckane « the 86 eco at contain combinations Of V2 & tme Bory he me G anvolwed , the 88 Bs bosteably an enti, deporotent phanomenen « Prucard Bfosed tape Sporating dun (FBSA) During don & emeatate comdni, fa ang di the pouin shandling Copobility of franstetor The prada chucens upuadly prove te. PERO ce! Eason inclicatey the ba Veg dimes the Jo outtasle op ation of tha fransatoe mat ret be sathye gpa pow désipation than that shew by FBBoA cue» Hemp 486 Line bonito 9 hed %Revense- biaseol ape Operating Aren (f8s0a) Dale tags lel eb GAO Tae neitiot he transtator, t most tases with fhe ban to emitttrr fi Pomerse blared “he Celecns im tty wellage mush de hold to a rape Lovet at (0) Below, a apeckfied valve Y Colter povant, his WE pactuncr provide Be Le~Vor Limiks olaning pues - bared turn-off a4 RBSOA. FRIOA R&SOA