Overview 1

Features 2

Functions 3

Function Arrangement 5

Protection Functions 7

Communication 26

Hardware 28

Technical Data 33

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 01
Overview

Overview

PCS-902 is a digital line distance protection with the overcurrent protection, 2 stages voltage protection
main and back-up protection functions, which is designed (under/over voltage protection), broken conductor
for overhead line or cables and hybrid transmission lines protection, pole discrepancy protection, breaker failure
of various voltage levels. protection, frequency protection, thermal overload
protection, and dead zone protection etc. Moreover,
Main protection of PCS-902 comprises of pilot distance a backup overcurrent and earth fault protection will
protection (PUTT, POTT, blocking and unblocking) be automatically enabled when VT circuit is failure. In
and pilot directional earth-fault protection (selectable addition, stub overcurrent protection is provided for one
for independent communication channel or sharing and a half breakers arrangement when transmission line
channel with POTT), which can clear any internal is put into maintenance.
fault instantaneously for the whole line with the aid of
protection signal. DPFC distance protection can perform PCS-902 has selectable mode of single-phase tripping
extremely high speed operation for close-up faults. There or three-phase tripping and configurable auto-reclosing
is direct transfer trip (DTT) feature incorporated in the mode for 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole operation.
relay.
PCS-902 with appropriate selection of integrated
PCS-902 also includes distance protection (3 forward protection functions can be applied for various voltage
zones, 1 reverse zone and 1 settable forward or levels and primary equipment such as cables, overhead
reverse zone distance protection with selectable mho lines, interconnectors and transformer feeder, etc. It
or quadrilateral characteristic), 4 stages directional also supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs,
earth fault protection, 4 stages directional phase LEDs and IEC 61850 protocol.

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 02
Features

Features

The intelligent device integrated with protection, control Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects
and monitor provides powerful protection function, deviation of power frequency component improves the
flexible protection configuration, user programmable protection sensitivity and stability under the condition of
logic and configurable binary input and binary output, load fluctuation and system disturbance.
which can meet with various application requirements.
Advanced and reliable ‘power swing blocking releasing′
High-performance hardware platform and modularized feature which ensure distance protection operate
design, MCU (management control unit)+DSP (digital correctly for internal fault during power swing and
signal processor). MCU manages general fault detector prevent distance protection from maloperation during
element and DSP manages protection and metering. power swing.
Their data acquisition system is completely independent
in electronic circuit. DC power supply of output relay is Flexible automatic reclosure supports various initiation
controlled by the operation of fault detector element, this modes and check modes.
prevents maloperation due to error from ADC or damage
of any apparatus. Multiple setting groups with password protection and
setting value saved permanently before modification.
Fast fault clearance for faults within the protected Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection function
line, the operating time is less than 10 ms for close-up configuration, modify setting and waveform analysis.
faults, less than 15ms for faults in the middle portion of
protected line and less than 25ms for remote end faults.

The unique DPFC distance element integrated in

the protective device provides extremely high speed
operation and insensitive to power swing.

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 03
Functions

Functions

Protection Function • Breaker failure protection

Optional instantaneously re-tripping
• Distance protection One stage with two delay timers
Three zones forward phase-to-ground distance
elements (mho or quadrilateral characteristic) • Thermal overload protection
One pilot zone phase-to-ground distance element
(mho or quadrilateral characteristic) with weak- • Stub overcurrent protection
infeed distance element
One zone reverse phase-to-ground distance • Dead zone protection
element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
One zone settable forward or reverse phase-to- • Pole discrepancy protection
ground distance element (mho or quadrilateral
characteristic) • Broken conductor protection
Three zones forward phase-to-phase distance
elements (mho or quadrilateral characteristic) • Switch onto fault (SOTF)
One pilot zone phase-to-phase distance element Via distance measurement elements
(mho or quadrilateral characteristic) with weak- Via dedicated earth fault element
infeed distance element
One zone reverse phase-to-phase distance element • Backup protection when VT circuit failure
(mho or quadrilateral characteristic) Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
One zone settable forward or reverse phase-to- Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure
phase distance element (mho or quadrilateral
characteristic) • Voltage protection
Blinder for mho characteristic distance element Two stages overvoltage protection
Power swing blocking releasing, selectable for each Two stages undervoltage protection
of above mentioned zones
• Frequency protection
• Deviation of Power Frequency Component (DPFC) Four stages overfrequency protection
distance protection Four stages underfrequency protection
Df/dt block criterion for underfrequency protection
• Current protection
Four stages phase overcurrent protection, • Control function
selectable time characteristic (definite-time or Synchro-checking
inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, Automatic reclosure (single shot or multi-shot (max.
reverse direction or non-directional) 4) for 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR)
Four stages directional earth fault protection,
selectable time characteristic (definite-time or
inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction,
reverse direction or non-directional)

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Functions

• Pilot scheme logic • Clock synchronization

Phase-segregated communication logic of distance – PPS(RS-485)
protection – IRIG-B(RS-485)
Weak infeed logic of pilot distance protection – PPM(DIN)
Weak infeed logic of pilot directional earth fault – SNTP(PTP)
protection – SNTP(BC)
– PPS(DIN)
• Communication scheme of optical pilot channel
(Optional)
Direct optical link Monitoring
Connection to a communication network, support
G.703 and C37.94 protocol • Number of circuit breaker operation (single-phase
Dual-channels redundancy tripping, three-phase tripping and reclosing)
• Channel status
• Frequency
Measurement and Control Function

• Remote control (open and closing) Communication

• Synchronism check for remote and manual closing
(only for one circuit breaker) • 2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC
• Energy metering (active and reactive energy are 60870-5-103 protocol or DNP3.0 protocol
calculated in import respectively export direction) • 1 RS-485 communication rear ports for clock
synchronization
• Up to 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type
Logic of MON plug-in module) conform to IEC 61850
protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103
• User programmable logic protocol over TCP/IP
• Up to 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface
or SC interface, depend on the chosen type of MON
Additional Function plug-in module) conform to IEC 61850 protocol,
DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over
• Fault location TCP/IP
• Fault phase selection • GOOSE communication function (optional NET-DSP
• Parallel line compensation for fault location plug-in module)
• VT circuit supervision
• CT circuit supervision
• Self diagnostic User Interface
• DC power supply supervision
• Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, • Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button
1024 binary events, 1024 supervision events, 256 keypad on the front panel.
control logs and 1024 device logs. • 1 front multiplex RJ45 port for testing and setting
• Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance • 1 RS-232 or RS-485 rear ports for printer
records with waveforms (The file format of • Language switchover: English+ selected language
disturbance recorder is compatible with international • Auxiliary software: PCS-Explorer
COMTRADE file.)

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 04
Function
Arrangement

Function Arrangement

BUS

52

81

85 21D 21 67G 67P 51GVT 51PVT 50BF 49 46BC 62PD FR

59
50G 50P
FL
Data Transmitt/Receive
51G 51P 27

50DZ 50STB (Only for one and a half breakers arrangement)

SOTF 25 79

LINE

Figure 1 Functional diagram of PCS-902

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Function Arrangement

ANSI Function

85 Pilot protection
21D DPFC distance protection
21 Distance protection
67G Earth fault protection
50G Definite-time earth-fault protection
51G Inverse-time earth-fault protection
67P Phase overcurrent protection
50P Definite-time phase overcurrent protection
51P Inverse-time phase overcurrent protection
59 Overvoltage protection
27 Undervoltage protection
81 Frequency protection
46BC Broken conductor protection
50BF Breaker failure protection
49 Thermal overload protection
50STB Stub overcurrent protection
50DZ Dead zone protection
62PD Pole discrepancy protection
SOTF Switch onto fault
51PVT Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
51GVT Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure
25 Synchronism check
79 Automatic reclosure
FR Fault recorder
FL Fault location

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

Distance Protection 4. Pilot distance protection

The pilot zone is for PUTT, POTT and blocking scheme.
The device comprises 3 forward zones, 1 reverse zone, The forward direction element is for sending signal for
1 settable forward or reverse zone and 1 pilot zone. POTT and tripping upon receiving permissive signal for
For each independent distance element zone, full both PUTT and POTT scheme. The forward direction
scheme design provides continuous measurement of element for blocking scheme is used to stop sending
impedance separately in three independent phase-to- blocking signal. The reverse direction element is only for
phase measuring loops as well as in three independent POTT scheme with weak infeed condition.
phase-to-ground measuring loops. Selection of zone
characteristic between mho and quadrilateral is available. 5. Load encroachment
Distance protection includes:
It is used to prevent all distance elements from undesired
trip due to load encroachment under heavy load
1. DPFC distance protection
condition especially for long lines.
It is independent fast protection providing extremely fast
speed to clear close up fault especially on long line and 6. Power swing detection (PSD)
thus improves system stability.
7. Power swing blocking releasing (PSBR)
2. Mho phase-to-phase/ground distance protection For power swing with external fault, distance protection
Zone1~3: forward direction is always blocked, but for power swing with internal fault,
Zone 4: reverse direction including origin PSBR will operate to release the blocking for distance
Zone5: settable forward or reverse direction protection.

3. Quadrilateral phase-to-phase/ground distance 8. SOTF distance protection

protection For manual closing or automatic closing on to a fault,
Zone1~3: forward direction zone 2 or 3 of distance protection will accelerate to trip.
Zone 4: reverse direction
Zone5: settable forward or reverse direction

Z4

M P N
EM A B C D EN

Z1、DZ

Z2

Z3

Figure 2 Protected reach of distance protection for each zone

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Protection Functions

Where: The general rule for zone 2 impedance reach setting is

Z1: forward direction zone 1 set to cover the protected line plus 20% of the adjacent
Z2: forward direction zone 2 line. However, the coverage of adjacent line should be
Z3: forward direction zone 3 extended in the presence of additional infeed at the
Z4: reverse direction zone 4 remote end of the protected line to ensure 20% coverage
DZ: DPFC distance protection of adjacent line. This assures the fast operation of zone
2 distance element for faults at the remote end of the
The choice of impedance reach is as follow. (only for protected line since the fault is well within zone 2 reach.
reference) This is important for pilot protection as the impedance
reach of pilot zone is the same as that of zone 2 distance
The zone 1 impedance reach setting should be set to element. In a parallel line situation, a fault cleared
cover as much the protected line as possible but not to sequentially on a line may cause current reversal in the
respond faults beyond the protected line. The accuracy healthy line. If the pilot zone settings are set to cover
of the relay distance elements is ±2.5% in general 50% of adjacent line and the POTT or Blocking scheme
applications, however, the error could be much larger is used, the current reversal in the healthy line could
due to errors of current transformer, voltage transformer cause relay mal-operation. Therefore, current reversal
and inaccuracies of line parameter from which the logic is required and explained in section Current
relay settings are calculated. It is recommended the Reversal.
zone 1 reach is set to 80%~85% of the protected line in
consideration the aforesaid errors and safety margin to The Z3 distance element acts as backup protection for
prevent instantaneously tripping for faults on adjacent protected line and adjacent line but not to over the zone
lines. The remaining 20% of the protected line relies on 2 setting of adjacent line. The zone 3 impedance reach
the zone 2 distance elements. With the pilot scheme is generally 2 times zone 1 reach, i.e. 160% of protected
distance protection, fast fault clearance could also line.
be achieved for end zone faults at both ends of the
protected line.

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

DPFC Distance Protection Where:

Z ZD : the impedance setting of DPFC distance
DPFC distance protection concerns change of current protection.
and voltage at power frequency, therefore, DPFC ZS: total impedance between local system and device
distance protection is not influenced by load current. location.
As an independent fast protection, DPFC distance ZK: measurement impedance.
protection is mainly used to clear close up fault of long Φ: positive-sequence sensitive angle.
line quickly, its protected range can set as 80%~85% of
the whole line. The following figure shows the operation characteristic
of DPFC distance protection on R-X plane when a fault
Since DPFC distance protection only reflects fault occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the –
component and is not influenced by current change Zs as the center and the│Zs+Zzd│ as the radius. When
due to load variation and power swing, power swing measured impedance Zk is in the circle, DPFC distance
blocking (PSB) is not required. Moreover, there is no protection will operate. DPFC distance protection has
transient overreaching due to infeed current from the a larger capability of enduring fault resistance than
remote power supply because it is not influenced by load distance protection using positive-sequence as polarized
current. voltage.

DPFC distance protection may not overreach, and its ZZD

protected zone will be inverse-proportion reduced with F M

Z
N

system impedance behind it, i.e. the protected zone will EM EN

∆I
be less than setting if the system impedance is greater. ZK
The protected zone will be close to setting value if the Z′S
system impedance is smaller. Therefore, DPFC distance
protection is usually used for long transmission line with
jX
large power source and it is recommended to disable
DPFC distance protection for short line or the line with
weak power source. Z's

ZZD
Zzd
M F N
Z
EM EN
∆I Φ R

ZS ZK -Zk

jX
Figure 4 Operation characteristic for reverse fault

Zzd Z' S : total impedance between remote system and

Zk
protective device location
Φ
R
Zs+Zk The operation characteristic of the DPFC distance
-Zs
element on R-X plane when a fault occurs in reverse
direction, which is the circle with the Z′S as the center
and the│Z′S-Zzd│as the radius. The region of operation
is in the quadrant 1 but the measured impedance -Zk is
always in the quadrant 3, the DPFC distance protection
Figure 3 Operation characteristic for forward fault will not operate.

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Protection Functions

Load Encroachment Mho Distance Protection

When distance protection is used to protect long, heavily Zone 1, 2 and 3 of phase-to-ground distance element.
loaded lines, the risk of encroachment of the load
ZZD
impedance into the tripping characteristic of the distance
protection may exist. A load trapezoid characteristic for M F N
Z IN
all zones is used to exclude the risk of unwanted fault EM EN
detection by the distance protection during heavy load I
flow.
ZS ZK
As shown below, if the measured impedance into the
load area, distance elements need to be blocked. jX

jX
ZZD

ZK

Φ
R
φLoad φLoad
Load Area Load Area
R
-2ZS/3

RLoad RLoad

Figure 6 Phase-to-ground operation characteristic for

forward fault

Figure 5 Distance element with load trapezoid Where:

ZZD: the setting of distance protection
Z S : total impedance between local system and
RLoad: the minimum load resistance protective device location
φLoad: the load area angle ZK: measurement impedance
These values are common for all zones. Φ: positive-sequence sensitive angle
Phase-to-neutral positive sequence voltage is used as
polarized signal for phase-to-ground distance protection.

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

Zone 1, 2 and 3 of phase-to-phase distance element Z' S : total impedance between remote system and
protective device location
jX
jX

ZZD
ZZD

ZK
ZK
Φ
R
Φ
R

-ZS/2

Figure 7 Phase-to-phase operation characteristic for Figure 9 Steady-state characteristic of three-phase short-
forward fault circuit fault

jX
Phase-to-phase positive sequence voltage is used as
polarized signal for phase-to-phase distance protection.
ZZD

ZZD

F M N
Z
EM EN
IΦ
ZK ZK
Z′S
Φ
R
jX
Circle C
Z'S
-ZS Circle B
Circle A

Figure 10 Operation characteristic of three-phase close

ZZD up short-circuit fault

Φ
R

-ZK

Figure 8 Operation characteristic for reverse fault

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Protection Functions

Where: The distance protection with such design thoroughly

ZZD: the setting of distance protection (zone x) eliminates the dead zone when three-phase close up
Z S : total impedance between local system and fault occurs. It also has favorable directivity and will not
protective device location operate for a reverse three-phase fault at busbar.
ZK: measured impedance
Φ: positive-sequence characteristic angle When receiving manual closing signal or 3-pole reclosing
Circle A: transient characteristic signal, the operation characteristic of phase to phase
Circle B: steady-state characteristic shifting towards distance protection will always enclose the origin of
quadrant impedance, with no dead zone, i.e. the reverse offset
Circle C: steady-state characteristic shifting towards impedance circle B.
quadrant
jX

The characteristic of the distance protection for a three-

B: 15° C: 30°
phase fault on a system is an impedance circle cross ZZD
the origin, and there is a voltage dead zone around the A: 0°
D
origin. In order to eliminate the dead zone of the distance
protection for a close up three-phase fault memorized
positive-sequence voltage is adopted as polarized R
voltage when the positive-sequence voltage drops down
to 15%Un or below. -ZS

The transient (during process of memory) operation

characteristic is shown as the impedance circle A in the
above figure. The circle takes ZZD and -ZZS as diameter
and thus the origin is within the impedance circle. When Figure 11 Shift impedance characteristic of zone 1 and
three-phase fault happens in reverse direction, the zone 2
distance protection has a clearly defined directionality
and no dead zone during the process of memory. The impedance characteristic of phase-to-ground
distance protection is the circle with line connecting ends
For zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 of the phase-to-phase of ZZD and -2ZS/3 as the diameter and that of phase-to-
distance protection, if distance protection operates with phase distance is the circle with line connecting ends of
memorized polarizing voltage, this means a close up ZZD and -ZS/2 as the diameter.
forward fault. When the memory fades out, the operation
characteristic will be reverse offset a little to enclose the In order to prevent the transient overreach caused by
origin as impedance circle B to ensure keeping operating the infeed power supply from the remote end, the zero-
of distance protection until the fault being cleared. If sequence reactance line D is added. These measures
distance protection does not operate with memorized have enhanced the capacity against fault resistance
polarizing voltage, it will be a close up reverse fault. when using distance protection in short lines.
When the memory fades out, the operation characteristic
will be forward offset not to enclose the origin as
impedance circle C, and the distance protection will not
mal-operate even if voltage is zero.

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

Zone 4 Zone 5

ZZDR ZZDF Zone 5 can be set as forward direction or reverse

direction. When zone 5 is set as forward direction,
F M N
I Z its operation characteristic is as similar as zone 1, 2.
EM EN When zone is set as reverse direction, its operation
characteristic is similar with zone 4, but the difference
ZK
is that the impedance setting in forward direction can
not set and is zero fixedly. In order to ensure that zone
jX 5 reliably operates for reverse three-phase fault and
does not reliably operate for forward three-phase fault,
it adopts the same method as zone 1, 2. When positive-
sequence voltage is smaller than 15%Un, polarized
ZZDF
voltage, forward threshold and reverse threshold
improves the reliability of zone 5 of distance protection.
Φ
R

ZK

ZZDR

Figure 12 Operation characteristic of reverse Z4 distance

protection

Where:
ZZDF: impedance setting of zone 4 in forward direction.
ZZDR: impedance setting of zone 4 in reverse direction.
Φ: positive-sequence characteristic angle.
ZK: measurement impedance.

When a fault occurs on the rear busbar, reverse distance

element is provided to clear it with definite time delay
and is taken as backup protection for reverse busbar
fault.

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Protection Functions

Quadrilateral Distance Element Zone 4

Features available with quadrilateral distance protection When a fault occurs on the busbar at the back, reverse
include 3 forward zones (zone 1~3) phase-to-ground or distance element zone 4 is provided to clear it with
phase-to-phase distance elements, 1 reverse zone (zone definite time delay and is used as backup protection for
4) phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase distance element, reverse busbar fault.
1 settable forward or reverse zone (zone 5) phase-to-
ground or phase-to-phase distance element and 1 pilot jX
zone distance protection. Each zone can respectively C
enable or disable power swing blocking releasing. RZD β O
R
Quadrilateral distance protection will be disabled when φ φ
VT circuit fails. α

Zone 1, 2 and 3 B
θ
ZZD A
Quadrilateral forward distance element characteristic for
zone 1, 2 and 3 is shown as follows:
Figure 14 Zone 4 reverse quadrilateral distance
jX element characteristic

ZZD Where:
θ ZZD: impedance setting of zone 4 in reverse direction
RZD: resistance setting of zone 4 in reverse direction
φ: positive-sequence characteristic angle,
α φ α: the angle of directional line, fixed at 15°
φ
β: the angle of directional line, fixed at 15°
θ: tilted angle of the reactance line AB, fixed at 12°
β R
O RZD

Zone 5
Figure 13 Quadrilateral forward distance element
characteristics Zone 5 can be set as forward direction or reverse
direction. When zone 5 is set as forward direction,
Where: its operation characteristic is as similar as zone 1, 2.
ZZD: impedance setting. When zone is set as reverse direction, its operation
RZD: resistive setting range. characteristic is similar with zone 4.
φ: line positive-sequence characteristic angle.
α: the angle of directional line in the second quadrant,
fixed at 15 °.
β: the angle of directional line in the fourth quadrant,
fixed at 15 °.
θ: downward angle of reactance line.

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

Pilot Distance Zone jX

An independent pilot zone distance protection is used for

PUTT and POTT scheme. There is also a reverse pilot
distance element available as an option for application of 21M.Z_Rev/4

POTT on weak power source system. Φ

R

Pilot.Z_Set_B Pilot.Z_Rev_B

M N
EM A B C D

21M.Z_Rev

Pilot.Z_Rev_A Pilot.Z_Set_A

Figure 15 Protected zone of pilot distance protection jX

B
β 21Q.Z_Rev/4
The operation characteristic of pilot zone is same as that
of zone 2, including mho and quadrilateral characteristic. 21Q.R_Rev o R
α
φ φ
When an internal fault occurs, distance protection at
weak source end may not operate due to small fault
current. Thus, a reverse distance element is provided to
coordinate with the independent pilot distance protection C
θ
to implement weak infeed logic, ensure pilot distance
21Q.Z_Rev
protection can operate to send signal or trip in the weak A
end. The reverse weak infeed distance element is
forward offset with 1/4 of the reverse setting to enclose Figure 16 Pilot reverse weak infeed element
the origin.
Where:
Operation characteristics of pilot reverse weak infeed Φ: positive-sequence characteristic angle.
element distance are shown as below. α: the angle of directional line, fixed at 15°.
β: the angle of directional line, fixed at 15°.
θ: tilted angle of the reactance line AC, fixed at 12°.

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Protection Functions

Power Swing Detection Pilot Distance Protection

Power swing is generally a dynamic process when Pilot distance protection determines whether it will
power system is disturbed. When power swing occurs, send the signal to the remote end according to the
the angle between the generators in parallel operation, discrimination result of the distance element or direction
the frequency of the system, the voltage on the bus, the element. Pilot distance protection can be divided into
current and power of the branch lines are all fluctuating. permissive scheme and blocking scheme according to
Power swing may destroy the normal operation of power whether the signal sent is used to permit tripping or block
systems and even damage electrical equipment, causing tripping. For permissive scheme, it can be divided into
the system to collapse. overreaching mode or underreaching mode according
to the setting of distance element and scheme selected,
furthermore, it will provide the unblocking scheme as
Power Swing Blocking Releasing auxiliary function. For overreaching mode, current
reversal logic and weak infeed logic are available for
Tripping due to operation of the distance measuring parallel line operation and weak power source situation
element during a power swing is generally not allowed. respectively.
Our distance protection adopts power swing blocking
releasing to avoid mal-operation resulting from power Pilot distance protection has the following application
swing. In another word, distance protection is blocked all modes:
along under the normal condition and power swing when
the respective logic settings are enabled. Only when
fault (internal fault or power swing with internal fault) is Zone Extension
detected, power swing blocking for distance protection is
released by PSBR element. When pilot scheme protection is out of service due to
pilot channel failure or no pilot scheme protection is
Power swing blocking for distance element will be provided. The fault outside zone 1 only can be cleared by
released if any of the following PSBR elements operates. zone 2 with a time delay. It can not ensure that all faults
Each distance zone elements has respective setting for within protected line are cleared instantaneously. As a
selection this function. supplement of pilot scheme protection, zone extension
can clear the fault within the whole line instantaneously.
• Fault detector PSBR element (FD PSBR) Different with pilot distance protection, zone extension
• Unsymmetrical fault PSBR element (UF PSBR) can also operate for external close up fault in parallel
• Symmetrical fault PSBR element (SF PSBR) line, but power supply can be restored by AR. So zone
extension should be blocked when AR is out of service
and is not ready.
Distance SOTF Protection
In order to prevent too many lines from disconnecting
When the circuit breaker is closed manually or with system due to zone extension operate when the
automatically, it is possible to switch on to a fault. In this circuit breaker is closed into permanent fault, zone
situation, the fastest possible clearance is required. extension should be blocked when AR operates. For
temporary fault, the line can be into service again after
The distance SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a AR operates successfully. For permanent fault in either
complementary function to the distance protection. With local line or parallel line, distance protection with a time
distance SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a delay will operate.
fault on the whole line, when the line is being energized.
It shall be responsive to all types of faults anywhere Zone extension uses the setting of pilot zone, and its
within the protected line. operation characteristic can be Mho or Quad.

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Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

Permissive Underreaching Transfer Trip For blocking scheme, pilot distance protection will
(PUTT) operate when there is an internal fault with abnormal
channel, however, it is possible that pilot distance
Distance elements zone 1 (Z1) with underreaching protection issue an undesired trip when there is an
setting and pilot zone (ZPilot) with overreaching setting external fault with abnormal channel.
are used for this scheme. Current reversal need not be
considered for PUTT is set according to underreaching
mode.There may be a dead zone under weak power Unblocking
source condition.
While pilot channel is blocked, the signaling equipment
will receive neither pilot frequency signal nor high
Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip frequency signal. The signaling equipment will provide
(POTT) a contact to the device as unblocking signal. When the
device receives unblocking signal from the signaling
Pilot zone (ZPilot) distance element with an overreaching equipment, it will recognize channel failure, and
setting as zone 2 distance element is used for POTT unblocking signal will be taken as permissive signal
scheme if selected,Current reversal condition should be temporarily.
considered for it.
Under weak power source condition, the problem of The unblocking function can only be used together with
dead zone at weak power source end is eliminated by PUTT and POTT.
the weak infeed logic.

Current Reversal
Blocking
When there is a fault in one of the parallel lines, the
Blocking scheme takes use of pilot distance element direction of the fault current may change during the
Zpilot operation to terminate sending of blocking signal. sequence tripping of the circuit breaker at both ends;
Blocking signal will be sent once fault detector picks When a fault occurs on line C–D near breaker D, the
up without pilot zone Zpilot operation. Pilot distance fault current through line A-B to D will flow from A to B.
protection will operate with a short time delay if pilot When breaker D is tripped, but breaker C is not tripped,
distance element operates and not receiving blocking the fault current in line A-B will then flow from B to A.
signal after timer expired. The short time delay can This process is the current reversal.
resolve the problem of current reversal and it must
consider channel delay and with a certain margin to set.

M N M N
Strong Weak
A B A B
source source
EM EN EM EN

C D C D

Direction of fault current Direction of fault current

flow before CB‘D’open flow after CB‘D’open

Figure 17 Current reversal

17
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 NR Electric Co., Ltd.

Protection Functions

As shown above, the device A judges a forward fault Once the bilateral cooperation fails, the anticipated
while the device B judges a reverse fault before break D function cannot be achieved. In addition, the blocking
is tripped. However, the device A judges a reverse fault time for sending signals and the tripping circuit after the
while the device B judges a forward fault after breaker reverse element of the device B operates shall be set in
D is tripped. There is a competition between pickup and combination with the channel time delay.
drop off of pilot zones in the device A and the device B
when the fault measured by the device A changes from 2. Considering the pickup and drop off time difference of
forward direction into reverse direction and vice versa for distance elements and the channel time delay between
the device B. There may be maloperation for the device the device A and the device B, the maloperation due to
in line A-B if the forward direction of the device B has current reversal shall be eliminated by setting the time
operated but the forward direction of the device A drops delay. The reverse direction element of the device is not
off slightly slower or the forward direction of the device B required for this method, the channel time delay and
has operated but the forward direction information of the the tripping time of adjacent breaker shall be taken into
device A is still received due to the channel delay (the account comprehensively.
permissive signal is received).
This protection device adopts the second method to
In general, the following two methods shall be adopted to eliminate the maloperation due to current reversal.
solve the problem of current reversal:

1. The fault shall be measured by means of the reverse Weak Infeed

element of the device B. Once the reverse element of
the device B operates, the send signals and the tripping In case of a fault in line at one end of which there is a
circuit will be blocked for a period of time after a short weak power source, the fault current supplied to the fault
time delay. This method can effectively solve the problem point from the weak power source is very small or even
of competition between the device A and the device B, but nil, and the conventional distance element could not
there shall be a precondition. The reverse element of the operate. The weak infeed logic combines the protection
device B must be in cooperation with the forward element information from the strong power source end and the
of the device A, i.e. in case of a fault in adjacent lines, electric feature of the local end to cope with the case.
if the forward element of the device A operates, and the
reverse element of the device B must also operate.

ZPilot

Z1 Zpilot_Rev
M
EM A Fault B EN

Z1 N
Zpilot_Rev

ZPilot

Load

Figure 18 Line fault description

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

CB Echo Earth Fault Protection

A feature is also provided which enables fast tripping to Earth fault protection consists of following three
be maintained along the whole length of the protected elements:
line, even when one terminal is open. The device will
initiate sending a pulse of 200ms permissive signal when 1.Overcurrent element: each stage equipped with one
signal receive condition is met during CB is in open independent overcurrent element.
position. 2.Directional control element: one direction control
element shared by all overcurrent elements, and each
CB Echo logic is only applied to permissive overreach overcurrent element can individually select protection
mode, and it is processed without the device pickup. direction.
This logic will be terminated immediately once the device 3.Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking
picks up. element shared by all overcurrent elements and each
overcurrent element can individually enable the output
signal of harmonic blocking element as a blocking input.
Phase Overcurrent Protection
All 4 stages earth fault protection can be selected as
Phase overcurrent protection consists of following three definite-time or inverse-time characteristic, and inverse-
elements: time operating time curve is as follows.

Overcurrent element: each stage is independent

overcurrent element. Residual Current SOTF Protection

Direction control element: one direction control element Residual current SOTF protection will operate to trip
shared by all overcurrent elements, and each overcurrent three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of 60ms
element can individually select protection direction. when 1-pole auto-reclosing.
Residual current SOTF protection will operate to trip
Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of 100ms
element shared by all overcurrent elements and each when 3-pole auto-reclosing or closing manually.
phase overcurrent element can individually enable the
output signal from harmonic element as a blocking input.
All stages can be selected as definite-time or inverse-
time characteristic, inverse-time operating characteristic
is as follows.

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Protection Functions

Voltage Protection 2. Stage 1 and stage 2 can be selected as definite-

time or inverse-time characteristic. The inverse-time
Voltage protection has the function of protecting device characteristic is selectable, among IEC and ANSI/IEEE
against undervoltage and overvoltage. Both operational standard inverse-time characteristics.
states are unfavorable as overvoltage may cause 3. Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage can be
insulation breakdown while undervoltage may cause selected for protection calculation.
stability problem. Each voltage protection function has
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for
two individual stages with respective time delay. These
protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any of three phase
voltage protection functions can be switched on or off
voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages)
separately. Selectable definite-time characteristic and
multiple inverse-time characteristics are available.
For stage 1 and stage 2 of undervoltage protection,
operating characteristic can be chosen from definite-time
characteristic and twelve inverse-time characteristics.
• Overvoltage Protection

Phase overvoltage protection has following functions:

Frequency Protection
1. Two-stage phase overvoltage protection with
independent logic, voltage and time delay settings. • Underfrequency Protection
2. Stage 1 and stage 2 can be selected as definite-
Underfrequency protection consists of four stages (stage
time or inverse-time characteristic. The inverse-time
1 to stage 4).
characteristic is selectable, among IEC and ANSI/IEEE
standard inverse-time characteristics.
In order to prevent possible maloperation of
3. Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage can be underfrequency protection in conditions of high
selected for protection calculation. harmonics, voltage circuit failures and so on, such
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for blocking measures are carried out as follows:
protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any of three phase
voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages) 1. Blocking in undervoltage condition
If the positive voltage U<0.15Un, the calculation of
For stage 1 and stage 2 of overvoltage protection, protection is not carried out and the output relay will be
operating characteristic can be chosen from definite-time blocked.
characteristic and 12 inverse-time characteristics.
2. df/dt blocking element
If-df/dt is larger than a setting, the calculation of
protection is not carried out and the output relay will
• Undervoltage Protection
be blocked. The blocking element will not be released
Phase undervoltage protection has following functions: automatically until the system frequency recovers to be
less than the setting [81U.f_Pkp].
1. Two-stage phase undervoltage protection with 3. Frequency abnormality condition
independent logic, voltage and time delay settings.
When f<40Hz or f>65Hz, underfrequency protection will
be blocked

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

• Overfrequency Protection When both the phase-segregated tripping contact from

line protection and the corresponding phase overcurrent
Overfrequency protection consists of four stages (stage element operate, or both the three-phase tripping
1 to stage 4). contact and any phase overcurrent element operate,
breaker failure protection will send three-phase tripping
In order to prevent possible maloperation of overfreqency command to trip local circuit breaker after time delay and
protection in conditions of high harmonics, voltage circuit trip all adjacent circuit breakers after time delay.
failures and so on, such blocking measures are carried
out as follows: When the protection element except undervoltage
element within this device operates and issues tripping
signal, breaker failure protection will also be initiated.
1. Blocking in undervoltage condition
If the positive voltage U<0.15Un, the calculation of Taking into account that the faulty current is too small for
protection is not carried out and the output relay will be generator or transformer fault, the sensitivity of phase
blocked. current element may not meet the requirements, zero-
2. Frequency abnormality condition sequence current criterion and negative-sequence
current criterion are provided in addition to the phase
When f<40Hz or f>65Hz, overfrequency protection will
overcurrent element for breaker failure protection
be blocked.
initiated by input signal from generator and transformer
protection. They can be enabled or disabled by logic
settings respectively.
Breaker Failure Protection
For some special fault (for example, mechanical
The instantaneous re-tripping function, after receiving
protection or overvoltage protection operating), maybe
tripping signal from other device and the corresponding
faulty current is very small and current criterion of
phase overcurrent element operating, is available and
breaker failure protection is not met, in order to make
provides phase-segregated binary output contact,
breaker failure protection can also operate under the
which can ensure the circuit breaker is still tripped in
above situation, an input signal is equipped to initiate
case the secondary circuit between the device and the
breaker failure protection, once the input signal is
circuit breaker is abnormal, to avoid undesired tripping
energized, normally closed auxiliary contact of circuit
of breaker failure protection and the expansion of the
breaker is chosen in addition to breaker failure current
affected area. Instantaneous re-tripping function does
check to trigger breaker failure timer. The device takes
not block AR.
current as priority with CB auxiliary contact (52b) as an
option criterion for breaker failure check.

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Protection Functions

Thermal Overload Protection The characteristic curve of thermal overload model is

shown as follows.
Thermal overload protection has following functions:

• Provides a thermal overload model which is based t Refer to IEC60255-8

on the IEC60255-8 standard
• Two stages for alarm purpose and two stages for
trip purpose Ip
P=—
• Thermal accumulation can be cleared by external IB
input signal

P = 0.0
The thermal overload formulas are shown as below. P = 0.6
P = 0.8
P = 0.9
1. Criterion of cooling start characteristic:

I2
T = τ × ln
I 2 − (k × I B ) 2
kIB I
2. Criterion of hot start characteristic: Figure 19 Characteristic curve of the thermal overload
model
I 2 − I p2
T = τ × ln The hot start characteristic is adopted in the device. The
I 2 − (k × I B ) 2 calculation is carried out at zero of Ip, so users need not
to set the value of Ip.

Where: Tripping outputs of the protection is controlled by

current, even if the thermal accumulation value is greater
T = Time to operate (in seconds) than the setting for tripping, the protection drops off
= Thermal time constant of the equipment to be instantaneously when current disappears. Alarm outputs
protected. of the protection is not controlled by current, and only
IB = Full load current rating. if the thermal accumulation value is greater than the
I = The RMS value of the largest phase current setting for alarm, alarm output contacts, which can be
IP = Steady state pre-loading before application of the connected to block the auto-reclosure, will operate.
overload
k = Factor associated to the thermal state formula.
ln = Natural logarithm

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

Stub Overcurrent Protection Pole Discrepancy Protection

Stub overcurrent protection is mainly designed for Pole discrepancy protection determines three-phase
one and a half breakers arrangement. When line breaker pole discrepancy condition by its phase
disconnector is open and transmission line is put into segregated CB auxiliary contacts. In order to improve
maintenance, line VT is no voltage. Distance protection the reliability of pole discrepancy protection, the
is disabled, and stub overcurrent protection is enabled. asymmetrical current component can be selected as
It is used to protect stub section among for two circuit addition criteria when needed.
breakers and line disconnector. Usually, stub overcurrent
protection is enabled automatically by normally closed
auxiliary contact of line disconnector. Broken Conductor Protection

Broken-conductor fault mainly is single-phase broken or

Dead Zone Protection two-phases broken. According to the ratio of negative-
sequence current to positive-sequence current (I2/I1), it
The criterion for dead zone protection is: when dead is used to judge whether there is an broken-conductor
zone protection is enabled, binary input of initiating dead fault. Negative-sequence current under normal operating
zone protection is energized (by default, three-phase condition (i.e. unbalance current) is due to CT error
tripping signal is used to initiate dead zone protection), if and unbalance load, so the ratio of negative-sequence
overcurrent element for dead zone protection operates, current to positive-sequence current (amplitude) is
then corresponding circuit breaker is tripped and three relative steady. The value with margin can then be used
phases normally closed contact of the circuit breaker as the setting of broken conductor protection. It is mainly
are energized, dead zone protection will operate to trip used to detect broken-conductor fault and CT circuit
adjacent circuit breaker after a time delay. failure as well.

CT1 CT2

Bus Bus

To the device

Line Line

Figure 20 Breakers arrangement

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Protection Functions

Synchrocheck When external auto-reclosure is used, the device can

output some configurable output to initiate external AR,
For double circuit breakers mode, the device will provide such as, contact of initiating AR, phase-segregated
indenpendent synchrocheck function for CB1 and CB2 tripping contact, single-phase tripping contact, three-
respectively. Both synchrocheck functions have the phase tripping contact and contact of blocking AR.
same logic. According to requirement, these contacts can be
selectively connected to external auto-reclosure device
The synchronism check function measures the to initiate AR.
conditions across the circuit breaker and compares them
with the corresponding settings. The output is only given For phase-segregated circuit breaker, AR mode can be
if all measured quantities are simultaneously within their 1-pole AR for single-phase fault and 3-pole AR for multi-
set limits. phase fault, or always 3-pole AR for any kinds of fault
according to system requirement. For persistent fault
The dead charge check function measures the amplitude or multi-shot AR number preset value is reached, the
of reference voltage (Uref) and synchronism voltage device will send final tripping command. The device will
(Usyn), and then compare them with the live check provide appropriate tripping command based on faulty
setting and the dead check setting. phase selection if adopting 1-pole AR.

Synchrocheck in this device can be used for auto-

reclosing and manual closing for both single-breaker and Transfer Trip
dual-breakers.
Transfer trip can be controlled by local fault detector by
If both reference voltage and synchronism voltage are
logic settings. In addition, the transfer trip initiation binary
live, the synchronism check element operates if voltage
input is always supervised, and the device will issue an
difference, phase angle difference and frequency
alarm and block transfer trip once the binary input is
difference are all within their setting values.
energized for longer than 4s and drop off after resumed
to normal with a time delay of 10s.
When used for double busbars arrangement and 1½
breakers arrangement, voltage switching is supported in
this function module.
Trip Logic

This module gathers signals from phase selection and

Automatic Reclosure protection tripping elements and then converts the
operation signal from protection tripping elements to
The auto-reclosing logic can be used with either
appropriate tripping signals. The device can implement
integrated device or external device. When the auto-
phase-segregated tripping or three-phase tripping, and
reclosure is used with integrated device, the internal
may output the contact of blocking AR and the contact of
protection logic can initiate AR, moreover, a tripping
initiating breaker failure protection.
contact from external device can be connected to the
device via opto-coupler input to initiate integrated AR
function.

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 05
Protection
Functions

Protection Functions

VT Circuit Supervision resistance. Both double-end fault location and single-end

fault location are available in line differential relay, but
VT circuit supervision can detect failure of single-phase, only single-end fault location is provided in other relays.
two-phase and three-phase on protection VT.

Under normal conditions, the device detect residual • Mutual Compensation

voltage greater than 8% of Unn to determine single- When an earth fault occurred on a line of parallel lines
phase or two-phase VT circuit failure, and detect three arrangement, a distance relay at one end of the faulty
times positive-sequence voltage less than Unn to line will tend to underreach whilst the distance relay at
determine three-phase VT circuit failure. Upon detecting the other end will tend to overreach. Usually the degree
abnormality on VT circuit, an alarm will comes up after of underreach or overreach is acceptable, however, for
1.25s and drop off with a time delay of 10s after VT cases where precise fault location is required for long
circuit restored to normal. lines with high mutual coupling, mutual compensation
is then required to improve the distance measurement.
VT (secondary circuit) MCB auxiliary contact as a binary Practically, the mutual effect between the parallel lines is
input can be connected to the binary input circuit of the insignificant to positive and negative sequence and thus
device. If MCB is open (i.e. [VTS.MCB_VT] is energized), the mutual compensation is only for zero sequence
the device will consider the VT circuit is not in a good
condition and issues an alarm without a time delay. If
the auxiliary contact is not connected to the device, VT
circuit supervision will be issued with a time delay.

CT Circuit Supervision

Under normal conditions, CT secondary signal is (Actual distance of the fault)

continuously supervised by detecting the residual current
and voltage. If residual current is larger than 10%In The residual current from the parallel line should be
whereas residual voltage is less than 3V, an error in CT added to the device. It should be connected to terminal
circuit is considered, the concerned protection functions 08 and star point of the parallel line CT connected to
are blocked and an alarm is issued with a time delay of terminal 07 as shown in the following figure. Please note
10s and drop off with a time delay of 10s after CT circuit the connection diagram and the terminal numbers are for
is restored to normal condition. reference only. The final connection terminals are subject
to the device configuration at site.

Fault Location

• Function Description

The fault location is an essential function to various

line protection devices, after selecting faulty phase, it
measures and indicates the distance to the fault with
high accuracy. Thus, the fault can be quickly located for
repairs. The calculation algorithm considers the effect
of load currents, double-end infeed and additional fault

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 06
Communication

Communication

RS-485 Interface IEC60870-5-103 Communication

This protective device provides two rear RS-485 The IEC specification IEC60870-5-103: Telecontrol
communication ports, and each port has three terminals Equipment and Systems, Part 5: Transmission Protocols
in the 12-terminal screw connector located on the back Section 103 defines the use of standards IEC60870-
of the relay and each port has a ground terminal for the 5-1 to IEC60870-5-5 to perform communication with
earth shield of the communication cable. The rear ports protective device. The standard configuration for
provide RS-485 serial data communication and are the IEC60870-5-103 protocol is to use a twisted pair
intended for use with a permanently wired connection to EIA RS-485 connection over distances up to 500m.
a remote control center. It also supports to use an Ethernet connection. The
relay operates as a slave in the system, responding to
commands from a master station.
EIA RS-485

Master 120 Ohm

120 Ohm
IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Serial Port
Slave Slave Slave The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485)
is a master/slave interface with the protective device as
the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.
Figure 21 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements
The protective device conforms to compatibility level 2;
compatibility level 3 is not supported.
Ethernet Interface
The following IEC60870-5-103 facilities are supported by
Each device is connected with an exchanger via this interface:
communication cable, and thereby it forms a star • Initialization (reset)
structure network. Dual-network is recommended in • Time synchronization
order to increase reliability. SCADA is also connected to • Event record extraction
the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so • General interrogation
the every equipment which has been connected to the • General functions
exchanger will play a role of slave unit. • Disturbance records

SCADA

Switch: Net A

Switch: Net B

……

Figure 22 Ethernet communication structure

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Communication

IEC60870-5-103 Interface over Ethernet Please note that gateways can be considered as clients
and servers subject to the communication object.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over Ethernet is a master/ When retrieving data from IEDs within the substation,
slave interface with the relay as the slave device. It is the gateways are considered as servers whereas
properly developed by NR too. All the service of this transmitting data to control centers, the gateways are
relay is based on generic functions of the IEC60870-5- considered as clients.
103. The following table lists all the group number of this
relay. And this relay will send all the relevant information • Peer-to-peer
about group caption to the SAS or RTU after establishing This is a non-connection-oriented, high speed type of
a successful communication link. communication usually between substation equipment,
such as protection relays. GOOSE is the method of peer-
to-peer communication.
Messages Description for IEC61850
Protocol • Substation configuration language (SCL)
A substation configuration language is a number of files
The PCS-978 series relays support IEC 61850 server used to describe IED configurations and communication
services over TCP/IP communication protocol stacks. systems according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-
The TCP/IP profile requires the PCS-978 series relays to 7. Each configured device has an IED Capability
have an IP address to establish communications. Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description
(CID) file. The substation single line information is stored
• MMS protocol in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing entire substation configuration is stored in a Substation
Message Specification (MMS) at the upper (application) Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the
layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has combination of the following items: individual ICD files,
been in existence for a number of years and provides SSD file, communication system parameters (MMS,
a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within GOOSE control block, SV control block), as well as
a substation LAN environment. IEC 61850-7-2 abstract GOOSE/SV connection relationship amongst IEDs.
services and objects are mapped to actual MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.

• Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication.
The connection and communication activity is initiated
and controlled by the client. Substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software are
considered as IEC61850 clients. Substation equipment
such as protection relays, meters, RTUs, instrument
transformers, tap changers, or bay control units are
considered as servers.

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 07
Hardware

Hardware

Front/rear panel

Figure 23 Front panel Figure 24 Rear panel

Dimensions

482.6

291 465.0
101.6
177.0

465.0
101.6

179.0

4-Ф6.8

450.0

Figure 25 Dimensions (unit:mm)

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Hardware

Typical Wiring

Conventional CT/VT (For reference only)

NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1504 NR1521A NR1521C NR1521C NR1521F NR1301
MON module

PWR module
DSP module

DSP module
CH Module

BO module

BO module

BO module

BO module
AI module

BI module

Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1

PCS-902 (conventional CT/VT and conventional binary input and binary output)

Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1

Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301

MON AI DSP CH BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR

PCS-902 (conventional CT/VT and GOOSE binary input and binary output)

Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1

Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1301

NET-
MON AI DSP CH BI PWR
DSP

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Hardware

Power supply supervision 0801

CH-TX

CH-RX BI_01 + 0802

Dedicated Channel
Or or

*BI plug-in module can be independent common terminal

Telecom Equipment

…
CH-TX

CH-RX BI_06 + 0807

Fibre Optic Not used 0808

FC/PC Type (Rear)
BI_07 + 0809
0201
0202 Ia

…
0203
0204 Ib BI_12 + 0814
0205
To parallel line Ic Not used 0815
0206
0207 BI_13 + 0816
From parallel line 0208 IM0

…
0213
Protection Voltage

0214 Ua BI_18 + 0821

0215
Ub - 0822
0216
0217
Uc 1101
0218
Controlled by fault

BO_01
detector element

1102
1103
0219
Synchronism Voltage

BO_02 1104
0220 UB1
…

1121
0221 BO_11
UL2 1122
0222
0223
UB2 1201
Signal Binary Output

0224 BO_01 1202

1203
PWR+ P110 BO_02
External DC power Power 1204
supply Supply
…

PWR- P111 1221

P107 BO_11 1222
OPTO+
Power supply for
opto-coupler (24V) P108
OPTO- 1301
Signal Binary Output

P102 BO_01 1302

BO_FAIL
(option)

P103 BO_ALM 1303

P101 BO_02 1304
COM
…

P105 BO_FAIL 1321

P106 BO_11 1322
BO_ALM
P104 COM
1501
A 0101 BO_CtrlOpn1 1502
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial

B 0102
Signal Binary Output (option)
COM

1503
SGND 0103 BO_CtrlCls1 1504
0104
…

SYN+ 0101 1517

BO_CtrlOpn5
Clock SYN

SYN- 0102 1518

SGND 0103 1519

BO_CtrlCls5 1520
0104
1521
RTS 0105 BO_Ctrl
PRINTER

1522
PRINT

TXD 0106
Multiplex 0012
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front)
0225
Grounding
Bus

Figure 26 Typical wiring (conventional CT/VT)

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 07
Hardware

Hardware

ECT/EVT (For reference only)

NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1161 NR1136 NR1503 NR1521A NR1521C NR1301

NET-DSP Module
MON module

PWR module
DSP module

DSP module
CH Module

BO module

BO module
BI module

Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1

PCS-902 ECT/EVT, GOOSE binary input and binary output

Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1

Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1301

NET-
MON DSP CH BI PWR
DSP

PCS-902 ECT/EVT, conventional binary input and binary output

Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1

Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
NET-
MON DSP CH BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR
DSP

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Hardware

CH-TX BI_01 + 0801

*BI plug-in module can be common negative

- 0802
CH-RX
Dedicated Channel
Or or BI_02 + 0803
Telecom Equipment
CH-TX - 0804

terminal
CH-RX BI_03 + 0805

Fibre Optic FC/PC Type (Rear) - 0806

…
BI_11 + 0821
Phase A RX
FO interface for SV channel

SV from
ECT/EVT - 0822
MU

Phase B
(LC Type)
Up to 8

Phase C TX 1101
Controlled by fault

BO_01
detector element

1102
…

1103
BO_02 1104

…
1121
BO_11 1122

PWR+ P110
External DC power Power
1201
Signal Binary Output

supply P111 Supply

PWR- BO_01 1202
OPTO+ P107
Power supply for 1203
opto-coupler (24V) P108 BO_02 1204
OPTO-
…

1221
P102 BO_FAIL BO_11 1222
P103 BO_ALM
P101 COM 1501
P105 BO_FAIL BO_CtrlOpn1 1502
P106 BO_ALM
Signal Binary Output (option)

1503
P104 COM BO_CtrlCls1 1504

A 0101
…

B 0102 1517
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial

BO_CtrlOpn5 1518
SGND 0103
0104 1519
BO_CtrlCls5 1520
SYN+ 0101 1521
Clock SYN

SYN- 0102 BO_Ctrl 1522

SGND 0103
0104 IRIG-B

RTS 0105
PRINTER

0012
PRINT

TXD 0106
Multiplex
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front) 0225 Grounding
Bus

Figure 27 Typical wiring (ECT/EVT)

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Electrical Specifications

• AC Current Input

Phase rotation ABC

Nominal frequency (fn) 50±5Hz, 60±5Hz
Rated current (In) 1A 5A
0.05In~40In (It should measure current without beyond full scale against 20
Linear to times of related current and value of DC offset by 100%.)
Thermal withstand
-continuously 4In
-for 10s 30In
-for 1s 100In
-for half a cycle 250In
Burden < 0.15VA/phase @In < 0.25VA/phase @In
Number Up to 7 current input according to various applications

• AC Voltage Input

Phase rotation ABC

Nominal frequency (fn) 50±5Hz, 60±5Hz
Rated voltage (Un) 100V~130V
Linear to 1V~170V
Thermal withstand
-continuously 200V
-10s 260V
-1s 300V
Burden at rated < 0.20VA/phase @Un
Number Up to 6 voltage input according to various applications

• Power Supply

Standard IEC 60255-11:2008

Rated voltage 110Vdc/125Vdc/220Vdc/250Vdc
Permissible voltage range 88~300Vdc
Permissible AC ripple voltage ≤15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage
Burden
Quiescent condition <30W
Operating condition <35W

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Technical data

• Binary Input

Rated voltage 24Vdc 48Vdc

Rated current drain 1.2mA 2.4mA
Pickup voltage 16.8-28.8Vdc 33.6-57.6Vdc
Dropoff voltage <12Vdc <24Vdc
Maximum permissible voltage 100Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input ≤1ms
Number Up to 36 binary input according to various hardware configurations

Rated voltage 110Vdc 125Vdc 220Vdc 250Vdc

Rated current drain 1.1mA 1.25mA 2.2mA 2.5mA
Pickup voltage 77-132Vdc 87.5-150Vdc 154-264Vdc 175-300Vdc
Dropoff voltage <55Vdc <62.5Vdc <110Vdc <125Vdc
Maximum permissible voltage 300Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input ≤1ms
Number Up to 36 binary input according to various hardware configurations

• Binary Output

- Tripping/signaling contact
Output mode Potential free contact
8A@380Vac
Continuous carry 8A@250Vdc
8A@125Vdc
Pickup time (Typical) <8ms (3ms)
Dropoff time <5ms
0.65A@48Vdc
0.30A@110Vdc
Breaking capacity (L/R=40ms) 0.30A@125Vdc
0.15A@220Vdc
0.15A@250Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input ≤1ms
Burden 300mW

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Maximal system voltage 380Vac

250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min
10A@3s
15A@1s
Short duration current
20A@0.5s
30A@0.2s
Durability (Loaded contact) 10000 operations
Number Up to 55 binary output according to various hardware configurations

- Fast signaling contact

Output mode Potential free contact
5A@380Vac
Continuous carry
5A@250Vdc
Pickup time <1ms
Dropoff time <5ms
1.0A@48Vdc
Breaking capacity (L/R=0ms) 0.9A@110Vdc
0.4A@220Vdc
380Vac
Maximal system voltage
250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min

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Technical data

Mechanical Specifications

Mounting Way Flush mounted

Chassis color Silver grey
Weight per device Approx. 15kg
Chassis material Aluminum alloy
Location of terminal Rear panel of the device
Device structure Plug-in modular type @ rear side, integrated frontplate
Protection class
Standard IEC 60255-1:2009
Front side IP40, up to IP51 (With cover)
Other sides IP30
Rear side, connection terminals IP20

Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range

Standard IEC 60255-1:2009

Operating temperature -40°C to +70°C (Readability of display may be impaired below -20°C)
Transport and storage temperature range -40°C to +70°C
Permissible humidity 5%-95%, without condensation
Pollution degree 2
Altitude <3000m

Communication Port

• EIA-485 Port

Baud rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s

Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997
Maximal capacity 32
Transmission distance <500m
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
Twisted pair Screened twisted pair cable

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• Ethernet Port

Connector type RJ-45 ST (Multi mode)

Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Transmission standard 100Base-TX 100Base-FX
Transmission distance <100m <2km (1310nm)
Protocol IEC 60870-5-103:1997, DNP 3.0 or IEC 61850
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

• Optical Fibre Port

♦ For Station Level

Characteristic Glass optical fiber
Connector type ST
Fibre type Multi mode
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Transmission power Min. -20.0dBm
Minimum receiving power Min. -30.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB

♦ For Process Level

Characteristic Glass optical fiber
Connector type LC
Fibre type Multi mode
Transmission distance <2km
Wave length 1310nm
Transmission power Min. -20.0dBm
Minimum receiving power Min. -30.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB

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Technical data

♦ For Pilot Channel

Characteristic Glass optical fiber
Connector type FC ST
Fibre type Single mode Multi mode
Wave length 1310nm 1550nm 850nm
Transmission distance Max.40km Max.100km Max.2km
Transmission power -13.0±3.0 dBm -5.0 dBm±3.0 dBm -12dBm~-20 dBm
Minimum receiving power Min.-37 dBm Min.-36 dBm Min. -30.0dBm
Optical overload point Min.-3 dBm Min.-3 dBm Min.-8 dBm

♦ For Synchronization Port

Characteristic Glass optical fiber
Connector type ST
Fibre type Multi mode
Wave length 820nm
Minimum receiving power Min. -25.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB

• Print Port

Type RS-232
Baud Rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Printer type EPSON® 300K printer
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

• Clock Synchronization Port

Type RS-485
Transmission distance <500m
Maximal capacity 32
Timing standard PPS, IRIG-B
Safety level Isolation to ELV level

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Type Tests

• Environmental Tests

Dry cold test IEC60068-2-1:2007

Dry heat test IEC60068-2-2:2007
Damp heat test, cyclic IEC60068-2-30:2005

• Mechanical Tests

Vibration IEC 60255-21-1:1988 Class 1

Shock and bump IEC 60255-21-2:1988 Class 1

• Electrical Tests

Standard IEC 60255-27:2005

Dielectric tests Test voltage 2kV, 50Hz, 1min
Standard IEC 60255-5:2000
Impulse voltage tests Test voltage 5kV
Overvoltage category 3
Insulation resistance measurements Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC

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Technical data

• Electromagnetic Compatibility

IEC 60255-22-1:2007
1MHz burst disturbance test Common mode: class 3 2.5kV
Differential mode: class 3 1.0kV
IEC60255-22-2:2008 class 4
Electrostatic discharge test For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
IEC 60255-22-3:2007 class 3
Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80~1000MHz
Radio frequency interference tests Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz
Radiated pulse-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=900MHz
IEC 60255-22-4:2008
Fast transient disturbance tests Power supply, I/O, Earth: class 4, 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: class 4, 2kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns
IEC 60255-22-5:2008
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class 4, 1.2/50us
Surge immunity test
Common mode: 4kV
Differential mode: 2kV
IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Conducted RF Electromagnetic Disturbance
Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class 3, 10Vrms, 150 kHz~80MHz
IEC 61000-4-8:2001
Power Frequency Magnetic Field Immunity
class 5, 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
IEC 61000-4-9:2001
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity
class 5, 6.4/16μs, 1000A/m for 3s
IEC 61000-4-10:2001
Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity
class 5, 100kHz & 1MHz–100A/m
Auxiliary power supply performance IEC60255-11: 2008
- Voltage dips Up to 200ms for dips to 40% of rated voltage without reset
-Voltage short interruptions 100ms for interruption without rebooting

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Terminals

Connection Type Wire Size

Crimp terminals, 1.5mm2~4.0mm2 lead
AC current If using 4.0mm2 lead, only dedicated terminal cable lug provided by NR can
be adopted.
AC voltage Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Power supply Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Contact I/O Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm2 lead
Grounding (Earthing) Connection BVR type, 2.5mm²~6.0mm2 lead

Measurement Scope and Accuracy

Item Range Accuracy

Phase range 0° ~ 360° ≤±3°
Frequency fn±3 Hz ≤ 0.02Hz
Currents from protection measurement current transformers
≤ 2.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In)
Current 0.05~5.00In
≤ 2.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In)
≤ 1.0% of rating (0.05~1.00Un)
Voltage 0.05~1.50Un
≤ 1.0% of applied quantities (1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Active power (W)
0.05~5.00In ≤ 3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Reactive power (VAr)
0.05~5.00In ≤ 3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Apparent power (VA)
0.05~5.00In ≤ 3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Energy (Wh)
0.05~5.00In ≤ 3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
0.05~1.50Un ≤ 3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
Energy (VAh)
0.05~5.00In ≤ 3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)

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Technical data

Management Function

• Control Performance

Control mode Local or remote

Accuracy of local control ≤ 1s
Accuracy of remote control ≤ 3s

• Clock Performance

Real time clock accuracy ≤ 3s/day

Accuracy of GPS synchronization ≤ 1ms
External time synchronization IRIG-B (200-98), PPS, IEEE1588 or SNTP protocol

• Fault and Disturbance Recording

Maximum duration 10000 sampled points (24 sampled points per cycle)
Recording position 10 cycles before pickup of trigger element

• Binary Input Signal

Resolution of binary input signal ≤ 1ms

Binary input mode Potential-free contact
Resolution of SOE ≤ 2ms

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Protective Functions

• Fault Detector

- DPFC Current Element

Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater

- Residual Current Element

Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater

- Overvoltage Element
Setting range Un~2Unn (V)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater

• Distance Protection

Setting range (0.000~4Unn)/In (ohm)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.1Ω/In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000~10.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms

• Phase Overcurrent Protection

Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for current between 1.2
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) and 20 multiples of pickup)

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Technical data

• Earth Fault Protection

Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for current
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) between 1.2 and 20 multiples of pickup)

• Overvoltage Protection

Setting range Un~2Unn (V)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for voltage
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) between 1.2 and 2 multiples of pickup)

• Undervoltage Protection

Setting range 0~Unn (V)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for voltage
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) between 0.5 and 0.8 multiples of pickup)

• Overfrequency Protection

Setting range 50.00~65.00 (Hz)

Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~100.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times frequency setting)

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Technical data

• Underfrequency Protection

Setting range 45.00~ 60.00 (Hz)

Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000s ~ 100.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms (at 0.8 times frequency setting)
df/dt blocking setting range 0.200~20.000 (Hz/s)
Accuracy ≤ 0.02Hz/s

• Breaker Failure Protection

Pick-up time <20ms

Drop-off time <20ms
Setting range of phase current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Setting range of zero-sequence current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Setting range of negative-sequence current 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
Time delay (first) 0.000~10.000 (s)
Time delay (second) 0.000~10.000 (s)

• Thermal Overload Protection

Base current setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
Line thermal time constant 0.100~100.000 (min)
Thermal overload coefficient for trip 1.000~3.000
Thermal overload coefficient for alarm 1.000~3.000
Resetting ratio 95%
Drop-off time <30ms
≤2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater (for current between 1.2
Time accuracy and 20 multiples of pickup)

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Technical data

• Stub Overcurrent Protection

Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~10.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)

• Dead Zone Protection

Setting range 0.050In~30.000In

Accuracy ≤2.5% or 0.02In whichever is greater
Time delay 0.000~10.000s
Accuracy ≤1%Setting+30ms

• Pole Discrepancy Protection

Setting range (zero-sequence current) 0.050In~30.000In (A)

Setting range (negative-sequence current) 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~600.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)

• Broken Conductor Protection

Setting range (I2/I1) 0.20~1.00

Accuracy ≤2.5% of setting
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~600.000 (s)
Accuracy ≤1% of Setting+30ms

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Technical data

• Auto-reclosing

Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)

Accuracy 2.0Deg
Voltage difference setting range 0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
Frequency difference setting range 0.02~1 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.01Hz
Operating time of synchronism check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of auto-reclosing ≤1%Setting+20ms

• Transient Overreach

Tolerance for all high-speed protection ≤2%

• Fault Locator

Accuracy for multi-phase faults with single end feed < ±2.5%
Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with ≤2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
high ground resistance.

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