density (p) -rho

measure of the mass

per unit volume

P =

m
units =
kg/ms or
glcm

upthrust (buoyancy
force >

when fluid it is
upthrust.
an
object is
submerged in a
, the upward force acting on

Upthrust

~
-

weight
archimedes principle

displaced by object
weight of
the fluid .
size
of upthrust =

and lomwide What depth of hull in sarge

Gom long
a
a
is
.

Q) A barge -

be under water if its combined mase =

15000 tonnes

⑭
-

upthrust
=
weight
15000 1000 9 81
w =
mg x x .

=
1 -
42x107N

upthrust is
equal
to the weight of volume of water displaced

p = =
m =
VP

upthrust = mxg
>
-

VXPX9

1. 47x107 = Goxloxh x 1000 x 9 81

.

h =
2 5m.
Fluid movement

(streamlineflow) and turbulent flow

.

fluids can move with a laminar flow

in nature water exhibite turbulent

Laminar turbulent

Layers more in same direction move in different directions

don't mix and mix

and
called ↑

lines are
T streamlines

*
viscosity
to flow it
difficulty a fluid exhibits when tried

factors influencing viscosity

>
-

liquids are les virsous than

gas
>
-

temp increase

>
-

gaser get more vircons >

-

temp4
Viscous Drag Force

frictional force blu an object and a fluid which

opposes the motion

and fluid.
blu object
F =
GTTnUY

r = radius

v =
velocity
n = constant (cooficient of viscosity) .

cooficient of viscosity

fluid temp that indicates how much will it resist the flow
.

property of a at a

Vate of flow is
riverly proportional
to coficient of viscosity -

n4 ↓ rate of Flow
 &
Drag force at terminal velocity G
↓ R= w
terminal
velocity + velocity when the forces are balanced
w

Fd (drag)
a upthrust
sphere
>
-

object is a

w = U + Fd

weight =
upthrust + drag

W mxg
weight of sphere
=
=

w
= xg

since mass=density xyNumet

get
We
volume
of W =
upthrust+ drag force
-

Sphere ↓
Stoke's law

it pg = g + Guy
Fd = GiTnW

Gig(P-P
=

terminal
velocity