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Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is a Filipino academic and former politician who was the 14th President of the

Philippines from 2001 until 2010. She recently held the position of the speaker of the House of the
Representatives of the Philippines and came her the first woman to hold the position from 2018 up to
2019 then she retired.

- National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology
- science and technology's role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted
- created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology which came up with the first Science and
Technology Master Plan or STMP
- Executive Order No.128 abolished R.A. No. 3859, also known as the “Philippine Inventors Incentive Act.”
- gave assistance to Filipino inventors through giving financial aid, patent application assistance,
legal
assistance, and to help inventors market their products domestically and abroad
- R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988 opened doors to free education up to the
secondary level

First ever national innovation summit 2007 the national innovation called Filipinnovation was presented
to the president to increase the productivity from science and technology more over the term
Filipinovation Contagiously picking the Philippines to be one that produce innovator in Asia. President
Aroyo took off from the ground. Work science and technology, plans and policies in accomplishment.
Filipinnovation took the essence of achievement making the technology the foundation of future
Economic development

Is Objective: national innovation strategy plan by president arroyo

Arroyo Administration (2001–2010): During Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's presidency, science and
technology (S&T) were focused on developing innovation systems and encouraging entrepreneurship.
Policies aimed to create a National Innovation System to boost scientific research and improve the
commercialization of technology. The Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010
emphasized technological development to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in sectors like
agriculture, industry, and services
Asian Scientist Magazine

Aquino III Administration (2010–2016): Under Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino III, there was a strong
emphasis on disaster risk reduction and inclusive growth. Technologies such as LiDAR mapping and the
development of microsatellites (e.g., Diwata-1) were pivotal for disaster preparedness and environmental
monitoring. The Harmonized National Research and Development Agenda was established to align
research priorities with the country's socioeconomic needs(
Asian Scientist Magazine
Duterte Administration (2016–2022): Rodrigo Duterte's administration focused on practical science-
based policies, especially in renewable energy, industrialization, and faster internet access. His
administration also pushed for space technology development with the creation of PhilSA (Philippine
Space Agency). Another focus was improving climate change adaptation, disaster science, and agricultural
technology to boost food security(
Asian Scientist Magazine

Marcos Jr. Administration (2022–Present): Although Ferdinand Marcos Jr.'s term is ongoing, early
policies show continuity in prioritizing technological advancements, especially in renewable energy,
climate resilience, and digital transformation. There's also attention to fostering innovation ecosystems
to stimulate economic growth, improve digital infrastructures, and leverage research in healthcare and
agriculture(
PHL CHED Connect

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Administration (2001–2010): The Arroyo administration aimed to enhance


the country's competitiveness through the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) 2004–
2010, which emphasized technological innovation. Arroyo focused on creating a National Innovation
System to foster collaboration between academic institutions, private enterprises, and government
bodies. Key initiatives included supporting biotechnology for agriculture, promoting information
technology, and entrepreneurship. The administration also worked on improving the research and
development (R&D) ecosystem, focusing on sectors like healthcare, infrastructure, and industrial
technology(
Asian Scientist Magazine

Benigno Aquino III Administration (2010–2016): Aquino’s administration took significant strides in
disaster risk reduction, reflecting the country’s vulnerability to typhoons and other natural disasters.
Aquino oversaw the creation of the Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards), a
disaster prevention and mitigation initiative that combined cutting-edge LiDAR technology, advanced
weather monitoring, and flood risk mapping. The launch of Diwata-1, the country’s first microsatellite,
marked a milestone in the Philippines' efforts to monitor weather and environmental conditions(
Asian Scientist Magazine

Rodrigo Duterte Administration (2016–2022): Duterte’s administration placed emphasis on renewable


energy, climate change adaptation, and space technology development. The creation of the Philippine
Space Agency (PhilSA) in 2019 was a significant achievement, signaling the country’s growing focus on
space exploration and technology. Additionally, Duterte's administration worked to improve internet
connectivity by supporting ICT infrastructure projects, aiming to provide fast and affordable internet
across the country. Duterte’s science policy agenda also highlighted industrialization and agricultural
modernization, alongside investments in healthcare research
Asian Scientist Magazine

Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Administration (2022–Present): Although Marcos Jr.’s administration is still in its
early years, its science and technology agenda continues to prioritize climate resilience, digital
transformation, and the development of innovation ecosystems. The administration has shown a focus
on building the energy sector, specifically on renewable sources, and sustainable agriculture through
technology integration. Continued efforts to strengthen the Philippine Space Agency and develop satellite
technology reflect the country's growing ambitions in space science(
PHL CHED Connect

Contributions of Key Figures in Science:


1. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543):
o Heliocentric Theory: Copernicus revolutionized astronomy by proposing that the Earth
and other planets orbit the Sun, challenging the long-standing geocentric model that
placed Earth at the center of the universe. His model was detailed in his landmark work,
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres).
o Legacy: Copernicus’ ideas laid the groundwork for the Scientific Revolution and were
foundational for later scientists like Galileo, Kepler, and Newton. Though his theory was
controversial at the time, it eventually became widely accepted and reshaped how
humanity understood the cosmos

2. Johannes Kepler (1571–1630):


o Laws of Planetary Motion: Kepler discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits rather
than perfect circles, formulating three fundamental laws that describe the speed and path
of planetary movements. His laws clarified the relationship between a planet’s distance
from the Sun and its orbital period.
o Harmonices Mundi: Kepler’s study extended beyond astronomy into mathematics,
particularly in his work Harmonices Mundi (The Harmony of the World), where he
explored the geometrical basis of planetary orbits.
o Legacy: Kepler’s laws helped confirm the heliocentric theory and were later used by
Newton to develop his theory of gravitation

3. Isaac Newton (1642–1727):


o Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation: Newton’s work in Philosophiæ Naturalis
Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) introduced his
famous three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation, explaining the forces
that govern motion both on Earth and in the cosmos.
o Optics and Calculus: Newton also made groundbreaking contributions to the field of
optics by studying the nature of light and color. His development of calculus
(independently from Leibniz) provided the mathematical framework necessary for
modern physics.
o Legacy: Newton is often regarded as one of the most influential scientists in history, laying
the foundation for classical mechanics and influencing nearly every branch of science

4. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642):


o Telescope Discoveries: Galileo was the first to use a telescope for systematic
astronomical observations. He discovered the moons of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and
the details of the Moon’s surface, providing strong evidence for the heliocentric theory.
o Mechanics and Motion: Galileo’s experiments in physics, particularly his studies on the
motion of falling objects and his formulation of the principle of inertia, directly influenced
Newton's later work.
o Conflict with the Church: Galileo's support of the heliocentric model led to conflict with
the Catholic Church, culminating in his trial and house arrest. Despite this, he is often
called the "father of modern observational astronomy"

These pioneers not only reshaped our understanding of the universe but also advanced the scientific
method, helping move science away from philosophical speculation and toward empirical observation
and mathematical reasoning.

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