MATHS – IB

LOCUS
1. Find the equation of locus of a point, the difference of whose distance from (5, 0) and (-5,0) in
8.
2. Find the equation of locus P, if A= (2, 3), B=(2,-3) and PA+PB = 8
3. Find the equation of locus of P, if the line segment joining ( 2, 3) and (-1, 5) subtends a right
angle at P.
4. The ends of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle are (0,6) and (6,0). Find the equation of
locus of its third vertex
5. A (1,2), B (2,3) and C (-2,3) are three points. A point ‘P’ moves such that PA2 + PB 2 = 2PC 2 .
Show that the equation of the locus of P is 7 x − 7 y + 4 = 0
6. A (5,3) and B (3, -2) are two fixed points. Find the equation of locus of P, so that the area of
triangle PAB is 9 sq units.
7. A (2,3), B (3,4) are two given points. Find the equation of locus of P, so that the area of PAB
is 8.5 sq.units.
8. Find the equation of locus of a point P if the ratio of the distance from P to ( 5, −4 ) and ( 7,6)
is 2 : 3.
9. Find the equation of the locus of a point P such that the distance to P from the origin is twice
the distance of P from A (1, 2).
10. Find the equation of locus of P, if A=(4,0), B=(-4, 0) and PA − PB = 4 .
11. Find the equation of locus of a point, the sum of whose distances from (0,2) and (0,-2) is 6
units
12. Find the equation of locus of a point P, if the distance of P from A (3,0) is twice the distance of
P from B (-3, 0)

TRANSFORMATION OF AXES
13. When the origin is shifted to the point (2,3), the transformed equation of a curve is
x2 + 3xy − 2 y 2 + 17 x − 7 y − 11 = 0 . Find the original equation of the curve.

14. When the axes are rotated through an angle , find the transformed equation of
4
3x + 10 xy + 3 y = 9
2 2


15. When the axes are rotated through an angle , find the transformed equation of
6
x + 2 3xy − y = 2a ,
2 2 2

16. When the axes are rotated through an angle 450 , the transformed equation of a curve is
17 x2 − 16 xy + 17 y 2 = 225 . Find the original equation of the curve.
1  2h 
17. Show that the axes are to be rotated through an angle of Tan −1   so as to remove the
2  a−b
xy term from the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 , if a  b and through the angle  / 4 , if a =b.
18. When the axes are rotated through an angle  , find the transformed equation of
x cos + y sin  = p .
19. When the origin is shifted to (-1,2) by the translation of axes, find the transformed equation of
x2 + y 2 + 2 x − 4 y + 1 = 0

Page 1
 STRAIGHT LINE
20. Find the circumcentre of the triangle with the vertices (-2, 3), (2, -1) and (4,0)
21. Find the circum centre of the triangle whose vertices are (1,3), (0,-2), and (-3, 1)
22. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices (-2, -1), (6,-1) and (2, 5)
23. Find the orthocenter of the triangle with the vertices (-5,-7), (13, 2) and (-5,6)
24. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are 3x − y − 5 = 0, x + 2 y − 4 = 0 and
5x + 3 y + 1 = 0
25. Find the circumcentre of the triangle whose sides are x + y + 2 = 0,5 x − y − 2 = 0 and
x − 2y + 5 = 0
26. Find the orthocenter of the triangle formed by the lines x + 2 y = 0, 4 x + 3 y − 5 = 0 and
3x + y = 0
27. If the equations of the sides of a triangle are 7 x + y − 10 = 0, x − 2 y + 5 = 0 and x + y + 2 = 0 .
Find the orthocenter of the triangle.
28. If Q (h,k) is the image of the point P ( x1, y1 ) w.r.t the straight line ax +by +c = 0. Then
h − x1 k − y1 −2(ax1 + by1 + c )
= = and find the image of (1,-2) w.r.t. The straight line
a b a 2 + b2
2x − 3y + 5 = 0 .
29. If Q, (h, k) is the foot of the perpendicular from P ( x1, y1 ) on the line ax + by +c =0, then prove
h − x1 k − y1 − ( ax1 + by1 + c )
that = = . Also find the foot of the perpendicular from (-1,3) on
a b a 2 + b2
the line 5 x − y − 18 = 0 .
30. If p and q are the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin to the straight lines
x secα + y cosecα = a and x cos − y sin  = a cos2 , prove that 4 p2 + q2 = a2
31. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point of intersection of the lines
3x + 2 y + 4 = 0, 2 x + 5 y = 1 and whose distance from (2, -1) is 2.
32. Find the incenter of the triangle formed by the straight lines y = 3x , y = − 3 x and y = 3
( )
33. Find the incentre of the triangle whose vertices are 1, 3, ( 2,0) and ( 0,0 ) .

Short Answer Questions :

34. Transform the equation 3x + y = 4 into (a) slope-intercept from (b) intercept form and (c)
normal form.
x y
35. Transform the equation + = 1 into the normal form what a > 0 and b > 0. If the
a b
1 1 1
perpendicular distance of straight line from the origin is p, deduce that 2
= 2+ 2.
p a b
36. A straight line through Q ( )
3 , 2 makes an angle  / 6 with the positive direction of the X-
axis. If the straight line intersects the line 3 x − 4 y + 8 = 0 at P, find the distance PQ
37. Find the points on the line 3 x − 4 y − 1 = 0 which are at a distance of 5 units from the point (3,
2)
38. Find the value of k, if the angle between the straight lines 4 x − y + 7 = 0 and kx − 5 y − 9 = 0 is
450 .
39. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point (-3, 2) and making an angle of
450 with the straight line 3x − y + 4 = 0 .

Page 2
40. Find the equation of straight line making non-zero equal intercepts on the coordinate axes
passing through the point of intersection of lines 2 x − 5 y + 1 = 0 and x − 3 y − 4 = 0 .
41. Find the point on the line 3 x + y + 4 = 0 which is equidistant from the point (-5, 6) and (3, 2)
42. A straight line forms a triangle of area 24 sq. units with the co-ordinate axes. Find the equation
of that straight line if it passes through (3,4).
43. Find the value of k, if the line 2 x − 3 y + k = 0,3x − 4 y − 13 = 0 and 8 x − 11y − 33 = 0 are
concurrent.
44. If the straight lines ax + by + c = 0, bx + cy + a = 0 and cx + ay + b = 0 are concurrent , then
prove that a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc .
45. If 3a + 2b + 4c = 0 , then show that the equation ax + by + c = 0 represents a family of
concurrent straight lines and find the point of concurrency.
46. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to the line 3 x + 4 y + 6 = 0 and making an intercept -
4 on the X - axis.
47. Find the equation of the straight line parallel to the line 3 x + 4 y = 7 and passing through the
point of intersection of the lines x − 2 y − 3 = 0 and x + 3 y − 6 = 0 .
48. Find the equation of the straight line perpendicular to the line 2 x + 3 y = 0 and passing through
the points of intersection of the lines x + 3 y − 1 = 0 and x − 2 y + 4 = 0 .
49. Find the angles of the triangle whose sides are x + y − 4 = 0, 2 x + y − 6 = 0 and
5 x + 3 y − 15 = 0
50. Line ‘L’ intercepts a and b on the axes of coordinates. When the axes are rotated through a
given angle, keeping the origin fixed, the same line ‘L’ has intercepts p and q on the
1 1 1 1
transformed axis prove that 2 + 2 + 2 + 2
a b p q
51. A(10,4) , B ( −4,9) and C ( −2, −1) are the vertices of a triangle. Find the equations of
i) AB ii) The median through A
iii) the altitude through B iv) The perpendicular bisector of the side AB
52. A variable straight line drawn through the point of intersection of straight lines
x y x y
+ = 1 and + = 1 meets the co-ordinate axes at A and B. show that the locus of the
a b b a
mid point of AB is 2 ( a + b ) xy = ab ( x + y ) .
53. The length of the perpendicular from the point P ( x0 . y0 ) to the straight line ax + by + c = 0 is
ax0 + by0 + c
a 2 + b2
54. A (-1, 1), B (5, 3) are opposite vertices of a square in the XY-plane. Find the equation of the
other diagonal (not passing through A,B) of the square.
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES
Long Answer Questions :
55. Find the values of k, if the lines joining the origin to the point of intersection of the curve
2 x2 − 2 xy + 3 y 2 + 2 x − y − 1 = 0 and the line x+2y = k are mutually perpendicular.
56. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
x2 + 2 xy + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y − 5 = 0 and the line 3 x − y + 1 = 0 .
57. Show that the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the curve
x2 + xy + y 2 + 3x + 3 y − 2 = 0 and the straight lines, x − y − 2 = 0 are mutually perpendicular.

Page 3
58. Let the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines. Then the angle 
a+b
between the lines is given by cos = (Mar -11)
( a − b ) + 4h
2 2

59. Show that the product of the perpendicular distances from a point ( ,  ) to the pair of straight
a 2 + 2h + b 2
lines ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 is (May-11 , Mar-04, 07, 2008)
( a − b) 2
+ 4h 2

60. Show that the area of the triangle formed by the lines ax2 = 2hxy + by 2 = 0 and l x + my + n = 0
n 2 h 2 − ab
is sq. units (Mar- 13, May- 10)
am2 − 2hlm + bl 2
61. Find the centroid and area of the triangle formed by the lines 12 x2 − 20 xy + 7 y 2 = 0 and
2x − 3y + 4 = 0 .
62. Show that the straight lines represented by ( x + 2a ) −3 y 2 = 0 and x = a from an equilateral
2

triangle.
63. Show that the pairs of straight lines 6 x2 − 5xy − 6 y 2 = 0 and 6 x2 − 5xy − 6 y 2 + x + 5 y − 1 = 0
forms a square.
64. If the equation  x2 − 10 xy + 12 y 2 + 5x − 16 y − 3 = 0 represents a pair of straight lines then find
m and also find angle between lines and point of intersection of the lines for this value of  .
65. Show that the product of the perpendicular distances from the origin to the pair of straight lines
c
represents by ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
( a − b ) 2 + 4h 2
66. Show that the straight lines represented by 3x2 + 48xy + 23 y 2 = 0 and 3x − 2 y + 13 = 0 form an
equilateral triangle of area 13 / 3 sq. units.
67. Show that the lines represented by (1x + my ) − 3( mx − ly ) = 0 and l x + my + n = 0 forms an
2 2

n2
equilateral triangle with area square units.
(
3 l 2 + m2 )
68. If ( ,  ) is the centroid of the triangle formed by the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 and
  2
l x + my = 1, prove that = =
bl − hm am − hl (
3 bl 2 − 2hlm + am2 )
69. Find the condition for the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the circle
x2 + y 2 = a2 and the line lx + my = 1 to coincide.
70. Find the value of k, if the equation 2 x2 + kxy − 6 y 2 + 3x + y + 1 = 0 represents a pair of straight
lines. Find the point of intersection of the lines and the angle between the straight lines for this
value of ‘k’.
DIRECTION COSINES AND DIRECTION RATIOS
Long Answer Questions :
71. If a ray makes the angles  ,  ,  and  with four diagonals of a cube then find
cos2  + cos2  + cos2  + cos2 

Page 4
72. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines satisfy the equations
l + m + n = 0, l + m − n = 0
2 2 2

73. Find the angle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations
3l + m + 5n = 0 and 6mn − 2nl + 5lm = 0
74. Find the direction cosines of two lines which are connected by the relations l + m + n = 0 and
2mn + 3nl − 5lm = 0 .
75. Find the angle between two diagonals of a cube.
DIFFERENTIATION
Long Answer Questions :
dy 1 − y2
76. If 1 − x 2 + 1 − y 2 = a ( x − y ) then show that =
dx 1 − x2
dy
77. If y = x tan x + ( sin x )
cos x
,find
dx
78. Find the derivative of ( sin x )
log x
+ xsin x with respective x
dy  yx y −1 + y x log y 
79. If x y + y x = ab then show that = − y x −1 
dx  x log x + xy 

(
80. If y = x a 2 + x 2 + a 2 log x + a 2 + x 2 then prove that ) dy
dx
= 2 a2 + x2
2 −3

81. Find the derivative

dy
of the function
(1 − 2 x ) 3 (1 + 3x ) 4
5 −6
dx
(1 − 6 x ) 6 (1 + 7 x ) 7
dy y ( x log y − y )
82. If x y = y x then show that =
dx x ( y log x − x )
dy y 1 − log x log y 
83. If xlog y = log x then show that =
dx x log 2x
−
K
x  K2 
84. If y = e 2(a cos nx + bsin nx) The prove that y11 + Ky11 +  n2 + y=0
 4 
Short Answer Questions :
85. Find the derivative of the following functions from the first principles w.r.to x.
i) cos 2 x (June -2004, May 2008) ii) tan 2x (March 2005, May 2011)
iii) x + 1 June 2005, May-2012) iv) sec3x (Mar-08, 12)
v) cos (ax) Mar -09, 11, 13) vi) sin 2x (May-10)
vii) x sinx (Mar -10, May-09) vii) logx
dy log x
86. If x y = e x− y , then show that = (Mar 2007, 2008)
dx (1 + log x )2
dy sin ( a + y )
2
87. If sin y =x sin (a+y), then show that = (a is not a multiple of  )
dx sin a
dy y2 y2
88. If y = x then show that
y
= =
dx x (1 − log y ) x (1 − y log x )
dy
89. Find for the functions, x = a ( cos t + t sin t ) , y = a (sin t − t cos t ) .
dx

Page 5
90. If y = a cos x + ( b + 2 x ) sin x , then show that y n + y = 4cos x
d2y h 2 − ab
91. If ax + 2hxy + by = 1 then prove that
2 2
=
dx 2 ( hx + by )3
dy
92. If x = 3 cost cos t − 2cos3 t , y = 3sin t − 2sin 3 t , then find
dx
d2y
93. If x = a ( t − sin t , ) y = a (1 + cos t ) then find
dx 2
 1− t2  2bt
94. Find the derivative of x = a  2 
y=
1+ t  1+ t2
STRAIGHT LINE
Very Short Answer Questions :
95. Prove that the points (1, 11) , (2, 15) and (-3, -5) are collinear.
96. Find the condition for the points ( a, 0), (h, k) and (0, b) where ab  0 to be collinear.
97. Transform the equations into normal form.
(i) x + y + 1 = 0 (ii) x + y − 2 = 0
98. If the area of the triangle formed by the straight lines x = 0, y = 0 and 3x + 4 y = a(a  0) is 6.
Find the value of ‘a’.
 
99. If the product of the intercept made by the straight line x tan  + y sec  = 1  0     on the
 2
co-ordinate axes is equal to sin  , find  .
100. Find the area of the triangle formed by the straight line x – 4y + 2 = 0 with the coordinate axes.
101. Find the equation of the straight line passing through ( -4, 5) and cutting off equal nonzero
intercepts on the coordinate axes.
102. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the point (3, -4) and making X and Y-
intercepts which are in the ratio 2 : 3.
( ) (
103. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the points at12 , 2at1 and at22 , 2at2 )
104. Find the length of the perpendicular drawn from the point ( −2, −3) to the straight line
5x − 2 y + 4 = 0
105. Find the distance between the parallel straight lines 5x − 3 y − 4 = 0, 10x − 6 y − 9 = 0
106. Find the equation of straight line passing through the point ( 5, 4) and parallel to the line
2x+3y+7 = 0
107. Find the value of y, if the line joining ( 3, y) and ( 2, 7) is parallel to the line joining the points (
-1, 4) and (0, 6).
108. Find the value of k, if the straight lines 6 x − 10 y + 3 = 0 and kx − 5 y + 8 = 0 are parallel.
109. Find the value of p, if the straight line 3x + 7 y − 1 = 0 and 7 x − py + 3 = 0 are mutually
perpendicular.
110. Find the equation of the straight line passing through ( 2, 3) and making non –zero intercepts
whose sum is zero.
111. Find the equation of the straight line passing through ( -2, 4) and making non-zero intercepts
whose sum is zero.
112. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the origin and making equal angles with
the co-ordinate axes.
113. Find the value of P, if the straight lines x + p = 0, y + 2 = 0, 3x + 2 y + 5 = 0 are concurrent.

Page 6
114. If 2 x − 3 y − 5 = 0 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining ( 3, -4) and ( ,  )
find  +  .
115. Find the value of k, if the straight lines y − 3kx + 4 = 0 and ( 2k − 1) x − (8k − 1) y − 6 = 0 are
perpendicular.
x y x y
116. If  is the angle between the lines + = 1, + = 1 then find the value of sin  ( a  b )
a b b a
117. Transform the equation (2 + 5k) x − 3(1 + 2k ) y + ( 2 − k ) = 0 into the form L1 +  L2 = 0 and find
the point of concurrency of the family of straight lines.
118. Find the ratio in which the straight line 2x + 3y - 20 = 0, divides the join of the points (2, 0) and
(2, 10).
119. A straight line meets the coordinate axes in A and B. Find the equation of the straight line,
when (2p, 2q) bisects AB .
120. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn from ( 4, 1) upon the straight line 3x − 4 y + 12 = 0
121. Find the orthocenter of the triangle whose sides are given by 4x − 7 y + 10 = 0, x + y = 5 and
7 x + 4 y = 15 .
122. Find the incentre of the triangle whose sides are x = 1, y = 1 and x + y = 1
123. If a, b c are in arithmetic progression, then show that the equation ax + by + c = 0 represents a
family of concurrent lines and find the point of concurrency.
3D - GEOMETRY
124. Find the centroid of the triangle whose vertices are ( 5, 4, 6), ( 1, -1, 3) and ( 4, 3, 2)
125. Find the coordinates of the vertex ‘C’ of ABC if its centroid is the origin and the vertices A,
B are (1,1, 1) and (-2, 4, 1) respectively.
126. Find the centroid of the tetrahedron whose vertices are ( 2, 3, -4), ( -3,3,-2), (-1,4,2), (3,5,1)
127. If ( 3, 2, -1) ( 4, 1, 1) and ( 6, 2,5) are three vertices and (4,2,2) is the centroid of a tetrahedron,
find the fourth vertex.
128. Show that points A ( 3, -2, 4),B(1,1,1),C(-1, 4, -2) are collinear.
129. Show that the points A (1, 2,3), B (7,0,1), C (-2,3,4) are collinear
130. Find the fourth vertex of the parallelogram whose consecutive vertices are (2,4,-1), (3,6,-1) and
(4,5,1)
131. Find the ratio in which YZ-plane divides the line joining A (2, 4, 5)and B (3,5,-4) also find the
point of intersection.
132. Find x if the distance between (5,-1, 7) and (x, 5, 1) is 9 units.)
133. Show that the points (1,2, 3), (2, 3, 1) and (3, 1, 2) form an equilateral triangle.
134. If H, G,S and I respectively denotes orthocentre, centroid, circumcentre and in-centre of a
triangle formed by the points (1,2,3) (2,3,1) and (3,1,2) then find H, G, S, I.
THE PLANE
135. Find the angle between the planes x + 2 y + 2 z − 5 = 0 and 3x + 3 y + 2 z − 8 = 0
136. Find the angle between the planes 2 x − y + z = 6 and x + y + 2 z = 7
137. Find the equation of the plane whose intercepts on X, Y, Z –axes are 1, 2, 4 respectively.
138. Transform the equation 4 x − 4 y + 2 z − 5 = 0 into intercept form.
139. Find the intercepts of the plane 4 x + 3 y − 2 z + 2 = 0 on the coordinate axes.
140. Find the direction cosines of the normal to the plane x + 2 y + 2 z − 4 = 0
141. Reduce the equation x + 2 y − 3z − 6 = 0 of the plane in to the normal form.
142. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,1,1) and parallel to the plane
x + 2 y + 3z − 7 = 0
143. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (-2, 1,3) and having (3,-5,4) as
direction ratios of its normal.

Page 7
 144. Find the equation of the plane parallel to the ZX – plane and passing through (0,4,4)
145. Find the midpoint of the line joining the points (1, 2, 3) and (-2, 4, 2)
LIMITS
 1 + x −1   3x − 1 
146. Find lim   147.Find lim  
x→0
 x  x →0
 1 + x −1 
 ex −1  e x − sin x − 1
148. Compute lim   149.Compute Lt
x →0
 1 + x −1  x→0 x
ax −1 sin ( a + bx ) − sin ( a − bx )
150. Compute lim
x→0 b '− 1
( a  0, b  0, b  1) 151.Find lim
x→0 x

152. Find lim 

 cos ax − cos bx 
x →0  x2


153.Find lim
x →
( x2 + x − x )
cos x 1 − cos 2mx
154. Find lim 155.Compute Lt ( m, n  Z )
x→
   x →0 sin 2 nx
2 x− 
 2
11x3 − 3 x + 4 sin ( x − 1)
156. Find lim 157.Evaluate Lt
x → 13 x 3 − 5 x 2 − 7 x →1 x2 − 1
3
1+ x − 3 1− x 3
1 + x −1
158. Compute i) lim and ii) Lt
x→0 x x→0 x
sin ( x − a ) tan ( x − a )
2
 x sin a − a sin x 
159. Find lim 160.Compute lim  
( ) x →a  x−a 
x →a 2
x2 − a2
x−2 2 x 
161. Show that lim = −1 162.Show that lim  + x + 1 = 3
x →2 x−2 x→0+  x 
8 x + 3x
164.Compute lim
( 2x 2
− 7x − 4 )
( 2 x − 1) ( )
163. Find lim
x → 3 x − 2 x x →2 x−2
e3+ x − e3
165. Compute lim
x→0 x
log e (1 + 5 x )
166. Compute Lt
x →0 x
e −1
3x
167. Compute Lt
x→0 x
168. Compute lim + ( x + x ) and lim ( x  + x )
x→2 x→2−

 2x + 3 
169. Find Lim  
x →−
 x −1 
2

 x−2 
170. Compute Lim  3 
x→2  x − 8 

 1 4 
171. Compute Lim  − 2 
x →2  x − 2 x −4

Page 8
172. Compute Lim
x→
( x +1 − x )
1 − cos mx
173. Compute Lim ,n  0
x →0 1 − cos nx

x−3 tan ( x − a )
174. Show that Lim =0 175.Compute Lim
x →3
x −9
2 x →a x2 − a2

x 2 − sin x
176. Compute Lim
x→ x2 − 2
x
177. Show that Lim does not exist
x→0 x

sin ax
178. Compute Lim
x →0 x cos x

Differentiation
179. If y = ax n+1
= bx nx
then P.T x y = n ( n + 1) y
2 2

180. If y = sec ( )
tan x then find
dy
dx
181. Find the derivative of the function f ( x ) = a x .e x
2

182. If f ( x ) = 7 x3+3 x ( x  0 ) , then find f 1 ( x )

−e x
( )
183. If x = tan e − x then show that
dy
=
dx 1 + x 2
184. If f ( x ) = log ( sec x + tan x ) , then find f 1 ( s )
185. If f ( x ) = x 2 2 x log x ( x  0, ) then find f ' ( x )
dy
186. If y = cos log ( cot x )  then find
dx
dy ax + b
187. If y = log ( cosh 2 x ) then find 188.Find the derivative of f ( x ) =
dx cx + d
dy
189. If x = a cos3 t , y = a sin 3 t , then find
dx
190. If y = log ( sin ( log x ) ) find
dy dy
191.If y = x x then find
dx dx
dy
192. If x3 + y3 − 3axy = 0 , find
dx
193. Differentiate f ( x ) with respect to g ( x ) if f ( x ) = e x , g ( x ) = x
194. If f ( x ) = xe x sin x , then find f 1 ( x )
195. If y = aenx + be−nx then prove that y n = n2 y
dy
196. If y = sin ( log x ) , then find
dx
197. If f ( x ) = 1 + x + x + .... + x then find f 1 (1)
2 100

198. Find the derivative of 20 ( )

log tan x

Page 9