FOUNDING FATHERS OF PAKISTAN

Introduction

The Pakistan movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan refers to the successful historical movement against
British and Indian to have an independent Muslim state named Pakistan created from the separation
of the north-western region of the Indian sub-continent.

This movement was led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, along with the other prominent founding fathers
of Pakistan including Allama Iqbal, Liaquat Ali khan.

The founder of that word ‘’Pakistan’’ is sir Syed Ahmed khan.

The movement ultimately achieved success in 1947 and it named Pakistan.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Sir Syed Ahmed khan is also known as the Syed Ahmed Taqvi. He was the Indian educator, politician
and Islamic reformer. They born in Delhi, Mughal emperor.

Movements done by Sir Syed Ahmed

1. Aligarh movement
2. Aligarh Muslim theory
3. Two nation theory
After the war of independence 1857 the condition of the Muslim was too bad. The Muslims remain
king for centuries before British. British damage the political and sociological condition of the
Muslims. Hindus were also against Muslims and they were with the British.

British movements
1. Thy murder about 5 lakh Muslims.
2. They snatch their properties
3. Make bad economy
4. They occupied on trade
5. They drop the Muslims from the army.

Sir Syed was the protector of the Muslims. He put a movement ‘’Movement Aligarh’’. There were
two purposes of it.
1. Education
2. Friendship of Muslim and British

In the 1832 they make English language more important than Persian language. 1 st movement of the
Sir Syed is that they made the school in ‘’ Illah Abad’’. After this they made a new school in ‘’ghazi
poor’’ in which Muslim can learn English.
Sir Syed gives them the idea of two nation theory. They say that the Hindus and the Muslims are the
two different religions, their traditions and cultures are different. They cannot live together.
Two nation theory
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the pioneer of two nation theory, used the word ‘Two Nation’ for Hindus and
Muslims after being convinced of the Hindus and Congress hatred.
Sir Syed Ahmed khan did his best to make the Muslims realize their differences with the Hindus with
regard to religion, social and language and for this purpose he diverted attention of the Indian
Muslims towards a new idea of ‘’ Two Nation’’ or ‘’Two Entitites’’.
After Hindi-Urdu controversy Sir Syed felt that it was not possible for Hindus and Muslims to
progress as a single nation.

MAULANA SHAUKAT ALI

Shaukat Ali was born in 1873 in Rampur state (Uttar Pradesh). He was educated at the Aligarh
Muslim U niversity. He was fond of playing cricket but Mahatma Gandhi brought him into politics.

Shaukat ali helped his brother Muhammad Ali publish the Urdu weekly Hamdard and the English
weekly comrade. In 1919, while jailed for publishing what the British charged as seditious material
and organizing protests, he was elected as the first president of the khilafat conference. He was re-
arrested and imprisoned from 1921-1923.

He opposed the Nehru report, demanding the separate electorates for Muslims, and attended the
first and second round table conferences in London.

In 1936, Shaukat Ali joined the all India Muslim league and become a political ally and campaigner
for Muhammad Ali Jinnah . he travelled over the middle east, building support for India’s Muslims
and the struggle for independence.

ALLAMA IQBAL

Allama Iqbal was a great philosopher and poet. He received his education from the government
college Lahore and later on went to England to pursue studies in law. He got his PhD in philosophy
from the German University. He had studied Islam deeply and a profound liking for the Islamic
principles.

He returned to India in 1908. He was a poet but however he had to come in the political field in
order to safeguard the interests of the Muslims. His entry into politics was greatly welcomed by the
Muslims where a trustworthy companion of the Quaid-e-Azam was badly needed.

Iqbal says that the Muslims and the Hindus are living together but their customs and traditions are
different from each other. They cannot live together. These are two different religions. They have to
get their own country in which they can lead their lives according to their religions.

SOME POINTS FOR SEPARATE NATION

 Islamic state is a welfare state

 Criticism on national democracy
 Islam can solve economic problems
 Islam is the complete code of life
1930 ALLAMA IQBAL ADDRESS

However, the most lucid explanation of the inner feelings of the Muslim community was given by
Allama Muhammad Iqbal in his presidential address to the All-India Muslim League at Allahabad in
1930.

As a permanent solution to the Hindu-Muslim problem, Allama Iqbal proposed that the Punjab,
North West Frontier Province, Baluchistan and Sind should be converted into one province.

Allama Iqbal explained in his address that Islam was the major formative factor in the life history of
Indian Muslims. It furnished those basic emotions and loyalties which gradually unify scattered
individuals and groups and finally transform them into a well-defined people, possessing a moral
consciousness of their own.

The greatest historical significance of Allama Iqbal’s Allahabad address was that it washed all
political confusions from the minds of the Muslims thus enabling them to determine their new
destination.

QUAID-E-AZAM MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH

Quaid—azam Muhammad ali Jinnah was a great leader of the muslims of the sub-continent. Quaid-
e-azam gave practical shape to the ideology given by Allama Iqbal.

JINNAH AS A LEADER

Jinnah served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913until Pakistan’s independence on
August 14, 1947, and as Pakistan’s first Governor General from August 15, 1947 until his death on
September 11, 1948.

Jinnah rose to prominence in the Indian national congress initially expounding ideas of Hindu-
Muslim unity. He proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political
rights of muslims in a self-governing India.

Two Nation Theory

Quaid-e-azam further defined the TWO-NATION theory and said, ‘’The Muslims are a nation by
every right to establish their separate homeland. They can adopt any mean to promote and protect
their economic, social, political and cultural interests.

Quaid-e-azam was greatly in favour of the rights and the interests of the minorities. He wanted to
give full protection to all minorities living in Pakistan because Islam teaches liberal attitude towards
other communities.

Demand for Pakistan

Quaid-e-Azam wanted to establish an Islamic system in a separate homeland. He desired to

introduce Islam as a code of life because he believed that it was a sole objective of the Pakistan
Movement. He claimed that ‘’ we are a nation with our own distinctive culture and civilization,
language and literature, art and architecture, sense of values and proportion, customs and calendar,
history and tradition; in short, we have our own distinctive outlook on life and of life’’.

The formulation of the Muslim demand for Pakistan in 1940 had a tremendous impact on the nature
and course of the Indian politics.

The Quaid-e-Azam desired to see Pakistan as a welfare state. He wanted to build up an economic
system in Pakistan which was free of exploitation and in which everyone had equal opportunity of
economic progress and welfare.

After partition the Indian government refused to give Pakistan an equitable share in the economic
assets. The objective behind this denial was to cripple the economy of Pakistan immediately after its
creation. Quaid-e-azam at once took up the job of erecting economy on stable footings. He had
correctly understood that Pakistan would not be able to overcome its economic problems by
assistance of Reserve Bank of India alone. He, therefore, ordered that the State Bank of Pakistan be
setup immediately.

LIAQUAT ALI KHAN

Liaquat Ali Khan (1 October 1895 – 16 October 1951) was a Pakistani lawyer, politician and
statesman who served as the first prime minister of Pakistan from 1947 until his assassination in
1951. He was one of the leading figures of the Pakistan Movement and is revered as Quaid-e-
Millat ( "Leader of the nation").
After first being invited to the Indian National Congress, he later opted to join the All-India
Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, an Indian independence activist who later
advocated for a separate Muslim nation-state out of Hindu-majority India. Khan assisted
Jinnah in the campaign for what would become known as the Pakistan Movement.

After the death of Quaid-e-Azam, Liaquat tried to fill the vacuum created by the departure of
the father of the nation. Under his premiership, Pakistan took its first step in the field of
constitution making.

Important achievements

1. He presented the objective resolution in the legislative assembly, which was passed
on 12th march, 1949.
2. Under his leadership a team also drafted the first report of the basic principle
committee.
3. His efforts in signing the Liaquat-Nehru pact pertaining to the minority issue in 1950
reduced tensions between India and Pakistan.