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3.1 White-space characters 50

3.2 Escape sequences in literal strings 54
3.3 Examples of literal names using the # character 57
3.4 Entries common to all stream dictionaries 62
3.5 Standard filters 67
3.6 Typical LZW encoding sequence 73
3.7 Optional parameters for LZWDecode and FlateDecode filters 74
3.8 Predictor values 76
3.9 Optional parameters for the CCITTFaxDecode filter 78
3.10 Optional parameter for the JBIG2Decode filter 82
3.11 Optional parameter for the DCTDecode filter 85
3.12 Optional parameters for Crypt filters 90
3.13 Entries in the file trailer dictionary 97
3.14 Additional entries specific to an object stream dictionary 101
3.15 Additional entries specific to a cross-reference stream dictionary 107
3.16 Entries in a cross-reference stream 109
3.17 Additional entries in a hybrid-reference file’s trailer dictionary 110
3.18 Entries common to all encryption dictionaries 116
3.19 Additional encryption dictionary entries for the standard security
handler 122
3.20 User access permissions 123
3.21 Additional encryption dictionary entries for public-key security
handlers 129
3.22 Entries common to all crypt filter dictionaries 132
3.23 Standard crypt filter names 134
3.24 Additional crypt filter dictionary entries for public-key security
handlers 134
3.25 Entries in the catalog dictionary 139
3.26 Required entries in a page tree node 143
3.27 Entries in a page object 145
3.28 Entries in the name dictionary 150
3.29 Compatibility operators 152
3.30 Entries in a resource dictionary 154
3.31 PDF data types 155
3.32 String Types 157
3.33 Entries in a name tree node dictionary 162

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3.34 Entries in a number tree node dictionary 166

3.35 Entries common to all function dictionaries 168
3.36 Additional entries specific to a type 0 function dictionary 170
3.37 Additional entries specific to a type 2 function dictionary 173
3.38 Additional entries specific to a type 3 function dictionary 174
3.39 Operators in type 4 functions 176
3.40 Examples of file specifications 181
3.41 Entries in a file specification dictionary 182
3.42 Additional entries in an embedded file stream dictionary 185
3.43 Entries in an embedded file parameter dictionary 186
3.44 Entries in a Mac OS file information dictionary 186
3.45 Entries in a collection item dictionary 189
3.46 Entries in a collection subitem dictionary 189
4.1 Operator categories 196
4.2 Device-independent graphics state parameters 210
4.3 Device-dependent graphics state parameters 212
4.4 Line cap styles 216
4.5 Line join styles 216
4.6 Examples of line dash patterns 218
4.7 Graphics state operators 219
4.8 Entries in a graphics state parameter dictionary 220
4.9 Path construction operators 226
4.10 Path-painting operators 230
4.11 Clipping path operators 235
4.12 Color space families 237
4.13 Entries in a CalGray color space dictionary 246
4.14 Entries in a CalRGB color space dictionary 248
4.15 Entries in a Lab color space dictionary 251
4.16 Additional entries specific to an ICC profile stream dictionary 253
4.17 ICC specification versions supported by ICCBased color spaces 253
4.18 ICC profile types 254
4.19 Ranges for typical ICC color spaces 255
4.20 Rendering intents 261
4.21 Entries in a DeviceN color space attributes dictionary 272
4.22 Entries in a DeviceN process dictionary 274
4.23 Entries in a DeviceN mixing hints dictionary 274
4.24 Color operators 287
4.25 Additional entries specific to a type 1 pattern dictionary 292
4.26 Entries in a type 2 pattern dictionary 302
4.27 Shading operator 303
4.28 Entries common to all shading dictionaries 305
4.29 Additional entries specific to a type 1 shading dictionary 308
4.30 Additional entries specific to a type 2 shading dictionary 309
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4.31 Additional entries specific to a type 3 shading dictionary 311

4.32 Additional entries specific to a type 4 shading dictionary 315
4.33 Additional entries specific to a type 5 shading dictionary 320
4.34 Additional entries specific to a type 6 shading dictionary 324
4.35 Data values in a Coons patch mesh 327
4.36 Data values in a tensor-product patch mesh 331
4.37 XObject operator 332
4.38 Additional entries specific to a PostScript XObject dictionary 333
4.39 Additional entries specific to an image dictionary 340
4.40 Default Decode arrays 345
4.41 Entries in an alternate image dictionary 347
4.42 Inline image operators 352
4.43 Entries in an inline image object 353
4.44 Additional abbreviations in an inline image object 353
4.45 Additional entries specific to a type 1 form dictionary 358
4.46 Entries common to all group attributes dictionaries 361
4.47 Entries in a reference dictionary 362
4.48 Entries in an optional content group dictionary 364
4.49 Entries in an optional content membership dictionary 366
4.50 Entries in the optional content properties dictionary 375
4.51 Entries in an optional content configuration dictionary 376
4.52 Entries in an optional content usage dictionary 380
4.53 Entries in a usage application dictionary 382
5.1 Text state parameters 397
5.2 Text state operators 398
5.3 Text rendering modes 402
5.4 Text object operators 405
5.5 Text-positioning operators 406
5.6 Text-showing operators 407
5.7 Font types 411
5.8 Entries in a Type 1 font dictionary 413
5.9 Entries in a Type 3 font dictionary 420
5.10 Type 3 font operators 423
5.11 Entries in an encoding dictionary 427
5.12 Differences between MacRomanEncoding and Mac OS Roman
encoding 431
5.13 Entries in a CIDSystemInfo dictionary 435
5.14 Entries in a CIDFont dictionary 436
5.15 Predefined CJK CMap names 442
5.16 Character collections for predefined CMaps, by PDF version 446
5.17 Additional entries in a CMap dictionary 448
5.18 Entries in a Type 0 font dictionary 452
5.19 Entries common to all font descriptors 456
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5.20 Font flags 458

5.21 Additional font descriptor entries for CIDFonts 461
5.22 Glyph classes in CJK fonts 463
5.23 Embedded font organization for various font types 465
5.24 Additional entries in an embedded font stream dictionary 466
6.1 Predefined spot functions 489
6.2 PDF halftone types 496
6.3 Entries in a type 1 halftone dictionary 497
6.4 Additional entries specific to a type 6 halftone dictionary 499
6.5 Additional entries specific to a type 10 halftone dictionary 502
6.6 Additional entries specific to a type 16 halftone dictionary 504
6.7 Entries in a type 5 halftone dictionary 505
7.1 Variables used in the basic compositing formula 518
7.2 Standard separable blend modes 520
7.3 Standard nonseparable blend modes 524
7.4 Variables used in the source shape and opacity formulas 528
7.5 Variables used in the result shape and opacity formulas 529
7.6 Revised variables for the basic compositing formulas 532
7.7 Arguments and results of the group compositing function 534
7.8 Variables used in the group compositing formulas 536
7.9 Variables used in the page group compositing formulas 543
7.10 Entries in a soft-mask dictionary 553
7.11 Restrictions on the entries in a soft-mask image dictionary 554
7.12 Additional entry in a soft-mask image dictionary 555
7.13 Additional entries specific to a transparency group attributes
dictionary 556
7.14 Overprinting behavior in the opaque imaging model 570
7.15 Overprinting behavior in the transparent imaging model 571
8.1 Entries in a viewer preferences dictionary 578
8.2 Destination syntax 582
8.3 Entries in the outline dictionary 585
8.4 Entries in an outline item dictionary 585
8.5 Outline item flags 587
8.6 Entries in a collection dictionary 589
8.7 Entries in a collection schema dictionary 590
8.8 Entries in a collection field dictionary 591
8.9 Entries in a collection sort dictionary 592
8.10 Entries in a page label dictionary 595
8.11 Entries in a thread dictionary 596
8.12 Entries in a bead dictionary 597
8.13 Entries in a transition dictionary 599
8.14 Entries in a navigation node dictionary 602
8.15 Entries common to all annotation dictionaries 606
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8.16 Annotation flags 608

8.17 Entries in a border style dictionary 611
8.18 Entries in a border effect dictionary 612
8.19 Entries in an appearance dictionary 614
8.20 Annotation types 615
8.21 Additional entries specific to markup annotations 618
8.22 Annotation states 620
8.23 Additional entries specific to a text annotation 621
8.24 Additional entries specific to a link annotation 622
8.25 Additional entries specific to a free text annotation 624
8.26 Additional entries specific to a line annotation 626
8.27 Line ending styles 630
8.28 Additional entries specific to a square or circle annotation 631
8.29 Additional entries specific to a polygon or polyline annotation 632
8.30 Additional entries specific to text markup annotations 634
8.31 Additional entries specific to a caret annotation 635
8.32 Additional entries specific to a rubber stamp annotation 635
8.33 Additional entries specific to an ink annotation 636
8.34 Additional entries specific to a pop-up annotation 637
8.35 Additional entries specific to a file attachment annotation 638
8.36 Additional entries specific to a sound annotation 638
8.37 Additional entries specific to a movie annotation 639
8.38 Additional entries specific to a screen annotation 640
8.39 Additional entries specific to a widget annotation 641
8.40 Entries in an appearance characteristics dictionary 642
8.41 Additional entries specific to a watermark annotation 644
8.42 Entries in a fixed print dictionary 645
8.43 Entries common to all action dictionaries 648
8.44 Entries in an annotation’s additional-actions dictionary 649
8.45 Entries in a page object’s additional-actions dictionary 650
8.46 Entries in a form field’s additional-actions dictionary 651
8.47 Entries in the document catalog’s additional-actions dictionary 651
8.48 Action types 653
8.49 Additional entries specific to a go-to action 654
8.50 Additional entries specific to a remote go-to action 655
8.51 Additional entries specific to an embedded go-to action 656
8.52 Entries specific to a target dictionary 657
8.53 Additional entries specific to a launch action 660
8.54 Entries in a Windows launch parameter dictionary 660
8.55 Additional entries specific to a thread action 661
8.56 Additional entries specific to a URI action 662
8.57 Entry in a URI dictionary 663
8.58 Additional entries specific to a sound action 664
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8.59 Additional entries specific to a movie action 665

8.60 Additional entries specific to a hide action 666
8.61 Named actions 666
8.62 Additional entries specific to named actions 667
8.63 Additional entries specific to a set-OCG-state action 667
8.64 Additional entries specific to a rendition action 669
8.65 Additional entries specific to a transition action 670
8.66 Additional entries specific to a go-to-3D-view action 670
8.67 Entries in the interactive form dictionary 672
8.68 Signature flags 674
8.69 Entries common to all field dictionaries 675
8.70 Field flags common to all field types 676
8.71 Additional entries common to all fields containing variable text 678
8.72 XHTML elements used in rich text strings 681
8.73 Attributes of the <body> element 681
8.74 CSS2 style attributes used in rich text strings 682
8.75 Field flags specific to button fields 686
8.76 Additional entry specific to check box and radio button fields 688
8.77 Field flags specific to text fields 691
8.78 Additional entry specific to a text field 692
8.79 Field flags specific to choice fields 693
8.80 Additional entries specific to a choice field 694
8.81 Additional entries specific to a signature field 696
8.82 Entries in a signature field lock dictionary 697
8.83 Entries in a signature field seed value dictionary 697
8.84 Entries in a certificate seed value dictionary 700
8.85 Additional entries specific to a submit-form action 703
8.86 Flags for submit-form actions 704
8.87 Additional entries specific to a reset-form action 707
8.88 Flag for reset-form actions 708
8.89 Additional entries specific to an import-data action 708
8.90 Additional entries specific to a JavaScript action 709
8.91 Entry in the FDF trailer dictionary 713
8.92 Entries in the FDF catalog dictionary 714
8.93 Entries in the FDF dictionary 714
8.94 Additional entry in an embedded file stream dictionary for an encrypted
FDF file 716
8.95 Entries in the JavaScript dictionary 716
8.96 Entries in an FDF field dictionary 717
8.97 Entries in an icon fit dictionary 719
8.98 Entries in an FDF page dictionary 720
8.99 Entries in an FDF template dictionary 721
8.100 Entries in an FDF named page reference dictionary 721
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8.101 Additional entry for annotation dictionaries in an FDF file 722

8.102 Entries in a signature dictionary 727
8.103 Entries in a signature reference dictionary 730
8.104 Entries in the DocMDP transform parameters dictionary 733
8.105 Entries in the UR transform parameters dictionary 734
8.106 Entries in the FieldMDP transform parameters dictionary 736
8.107 Entries in a permissions dictionary 741
8.108 Entries in a legal attestation dictionary 742
8.109 Entries in a viewport dictionary 745
8.110 Entries in a measure dictionary 746
8.111 Additional entries in a rectilinear measure dictionary 746
8.112 Entries in a number format dictionary 748
8.113 Entries common to all requirement dictionaries 751
8.114 Entries in a requirement handler dictionary 752
9.1 Entries common to all rendition dictionaries 759
9.2 Entries in a rendition MH/BE dictionary 760
9.3 Entries in a media criteria dictionary 760
9.4 Entries in a minimum bit depth dictionary 761
9.5 Entries in a minimum screen size dictionary 762
9.6 Additional entries in a media rendition dictionary 762
9.7 Additional entries specific to a selector rendition dictionary 763
9.8 Entries common to all media clip dictionaries 764
9.9 Additional entries in a media clip data dictionary 764
9.10 Entries in a media permissions dictionary 766
9.11 Entries in a media clip data MH/BE dictionary 767
9.12 Additional entries in a media clip section dictionary 767
9.13 Entries in a media clip section MH/BE dictionary 768
9.14 Entries in a media play parameters dictionary 769
9.15 Entries in a media play parameters MH/BE dictionary 769
9.16 Entries in a media duration dictionary 771
9.17 Entries in a media screen parameters dictionary 772
9.18 Entries in a media screen parameters MH/BE dictionary 772
9.19 Entries in a floating window parameters dictionary 774
9.20 Entries common to all media offset dictionaries 775
9.21 Additional entries in a media offset time dictionary 776
9.22 Additional entries in a media offset frame dictionary 776
9.23 Additional entries in a media offset marker dictionary 776
9.24 Entries in a timespan dictionary 776
9.25 Entries in a media players dictionary 777
9.26 Entries in a media player info dictionary 779
9.27 Entries in a software identifier dictionary 780
9.28 Monitor specifier values 782
9.29 Additional entries specific to a sound object 783
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9.30 Entries in a movie dictionary 784

9.31 Entries in a movie activation dictionary 785
9.32 Entries in a slideshow dictionary 787
9.33 Additional entries specific to a 3D annotation 791
9.34 Entries in a 3D activation dictionary 794
9.35 Entries in a 3D stream dictionary 797
9.36 Entries in an 3D animation style dictionary 799
9.37 Animation styles 800
9.38 Entries in a 3D reference dictionary 801
9.39 Entries in a 3D view dictionary 804
9.40 Entries in a projection dictionary 808
9.41 Entries in a 3D background dictionary 812
9.42 Entries in a render mode dictionary 813
9.43 Render modes 815
9.44 Entries in a 3D lighting scheme dictionary 817
9.45 3D lighting scheme styles 817
9.46 Entries in a 3D cross section dictionary 819
9.47 Entries in a 3D node dictionary 829
9.48 Entries in an external data dictionary used to markup 3D annotations 835
10.1 Predefined procedure sets 842
10.2 Entries in the document information dictionary 844
10.3 Additional entries in a metadata stream dictionary 846
10.4 Additional entry for components having metadata 846
10.5 Entries in a page-piece dictionary 849
10.6 Entries in an application data dictionary 849
10.7 Marked-content operators 851
10.8 Entries in the mark information dictionary 856
10.9 Entries in the structure tree root 857
10.10 Entries in a structure element dictionary 858
10.11 Entries in a marked-content reference dictionary 863
10.12 Entries in an object reference dictionary 868
10.13 Additional dictionary entries for structure element access 870
10.14 Entry common to all attribute object dictionaries 873
10.15 Additional entries in an attribute object dictionary for user properties 876
10.16 Entries in a user property dictionary 876
10.17 Property list entries for artifacts 886
10.18 Derivation of font characteristics 893
10.19 Font Selector Attributes 894
10.20 Standard structure types for grouping elements 899
10.21 Block-level structure elements 901
10.22 Standard structure types for paragraphlike elements 902
10.23 Standard structure types for list elements 902
10.24 Standard structure types for table elements 903
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10.25 Standard structure types for inline-level structure elements 905

10.26 Standard structure types for Ruby and Warichu elements (PDF 1.5) 911
10.27 Standard structure types for illustration elements 912
10.28 Standard attribute owners 914
10.29 Standard layout attributes 916
10.30 Standard layout attributes common to all standard structure types 917
10.31 Additional standard layout attributes specific to block-level structure
elements 922
10.32 Standard layout attributes specific to inline-level structure elements 926
10.33 Standard column attributes 932
10.34 Standard list attribute 933
10.35 PrintField attributes 934
10.36 Standard table attributes 935
10.37 Entries in the Web Capture information dictionary 947
10.38 Entries common to all Web Capture content sets 953
10.39 Additional entries specific to a Web Capture page set 954
10.40 Additional entries specific to a Web Capture image set 955
10.41 Entries in a source information dictionary 955
10.42 Entries in a URL alias dictionary 957
10.43 Entries in a Web Capture command dictionary 958
10.44 Web Capture command flags 958
10.45 Entries in a Web Capture command settings dictionary 960
10.46 Entries in a box color information dictionary 967
10.47 Entries in a box style dictionary 967
10.48 Additional entries specific to a printer’s mark annotation 968
10.49 Additional entries specific to a printer’s mark form dictionary 968
10.50 Entries in a separation dictionary 969
10.51 Entries in a PDF/X output intent dictionary 971
10.52 Additional entries specific to a trap network annotation 976
10.53 Additional entries specific to a trap network appearance stream 978
10.54 Entry in an OPI version dictionary 979
10.55 Entries in a version 1.3 OPI dictionary 980
10.56 Entries in a version 2.0 OPI dictionary 983
A.1 PDF content stream operators 985
C.1 Architectural limits 992
D.1 Latin-text encodings 996
F.1 Entries in the linearization parameter dictionary 1029
F.2 Standard hint tables 1033
F.3 Page offset hint table, header section 1041
F.4 Page offset hint table, per-page entry 1042
F.5 Shared object hint table, header section 1044
F.6 Shared object hint table, shared object group entry 1045
F.7 Thumbnail hint table, header section 1046
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F.8 Thumbnail hint table, per-page entry 1047

F.9 Generic hint table 1048
F.10 Extended generic hint table 1049
F.11 Embedded file stream hint table, header section 1050
F.12 Embedded file stream hint table, per-embedded file stream group
entries 1050
G.1 Objects in minimal example 1058
G.2 Objects in simple text string example 1060
G.3 Objects in simple graphics example 1062
G.4 Object usage after adding four text annotations 1075
G.5 Object usage after deleting two text annotations 1078
G.6 Object usage after adding three text annotations 1080
H.1 Abbreviations for standard filter names 1100
H.2 Acrobat behavior with unknown filters 1101
H.3 Names of standard fonts 1109
H.4 Recommended media types 1123
I.1 Data added to object digest for basic object types 1132