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Lecture 2 - Magnetically Coupled Circuits

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11 views

Lecture 2 - Magnetically Coupled Circuits

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mariam.90bekhit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Chapter 2

Magnetically Coupled Circuits

By
Dr. Aref Eliwa
References
[1] “Fundamentals of Electric Circuits”, Charles K. Alxander and
Matthew N. Sadiku, third edition, McGraw Hill, 2006.
[2] “Circuit Analysis: Theory and practice” Allan H. Robbins and
Wilhem C. Miller, 2nd edition, Delmar Cengage Learning , 2006.
[3] “Introduction to Electric Circuits” Richard C. Dorf and James
A. Svoboda, 6th edition, Wiley press, 2006.
[4] “principles of Electric Circuits”, Thomas L. Floyd, Thomas C.,
9th edition, Prentice Hall, 2009.
Magnetically Coupled Circuits

❑ Magnetically coupled circuit means that two loops with or without contacts between them, affect
each other through the magnetic field generated by one of them.

❑ The transformer is an electrical device designed on the basis of the concept of magnetic coupling.

❑ It uses magnetically coupled coils to transfer energy from one circuit to another.

❑ Transformers are key circuit elements. They are used in power systems for stepping up or stepping
down AC voltages or currents. They are used in electronic circuits such as radio and television
receivers for such purposes as impedance matching, isolating one part of a circuit from another.
Self Inductance

When current i flows through the coil, a magnetic flux ϕ is produced around it. According to Faraday’s law, the voltage v
induced in the coil is proportional to the number of turns N and the time rate of change of the magnetic flux ϕ, that is

Magnetic flux produced by a single coil with N turns.

A time-varying magnetic flux through a loop or coil of wire will produce a voltage across that loop or coil.
Faraday’s law gives the voltage produced across an 𝑁-turn coil.
The flux ϕ is produced by current i so that any change in ϕ is caused by a change in the current i.

Mutual Inductance

• Mutual Inductance is the ability of one inductor to induce a voltage across a neighboring inductor, measured in henrys (H).
When two inductors (or coils) are in a close proximity to each other, the magnetic flux caused by current in one coil links
with the other coil, thereby inducing voltage in the latter. This phenomenon is known as mutual inductance
The figure below shows the dot convention for coupled coils in series and the total inductance is
Energy in a Coupled Circuit
Linear Transformer

•The transformer will be linear if the coils are wound on a magnetically linear material—a
material for which the magnetic permeability is constant. (Such materials include air,
plastic, Bakelite, and wood.)

•In fact, most materials are magnetically linear. Linear transformers are sometimes called
air-core transformers, although not all of them are necessarily air-core.

•It is generally a four-terminal device comprising two (or more) magnetically coupled coils
Ans.
Ideal Transformer
A transformer will be ideal if it has the following
properties:
1. Coils have very large reactances (L1, L2, M → ∞).
2. Coupling coefficient is equal to unity (k = 1).
3. Primary and secondary coils are lossless (R1 = 0 = R2)
Example (8)

An ideal transformer is rated at 2400/120V, 9.6 kVA, and has 50 turns on the secondary side.
Calculate:
(a) the turns ratio,
(b) the number of turns on the primary side, and
(c) the current ratings for the primary and secondary windings.

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