Guidebook

for adoption of

Form Based Codes

 Guidebook
for adoption of

Form Based Codes

Front and back cover image: Location: Kochi, Kerala
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October 2023
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes

Quotes from Honorable Prime

Minister’s Post Budget-2023 speech
Dated: 02.03.23

“Well-planned cities are going to be the need of “India has overtaken several countries in terms of
the hour in the fast-paced environment of India in metro network connectivity”
the 21st century”
“75 percent of waste is being processed today
“Development of new cities and the modernization when compared to only 14-15 percent in 2014”
of services in the existing ones are the two main
aspects of urban development” “Our new cities must be garbage-free, water
secure, and climate-resilient”
“Urban planning will determine the fate of our
cities in Amritkal and it is only well-planned cities “The plans and policies that the government is
that will determine the fate of India” making should not only make life easier for the
people of the cities but also help in their own
development”

4 5
 Acknowledgement Foreword by Director NIUA

Our sincerest gratitude to the following institutions /

experts for being an inspiration by adopting various The rapid and unprecedented growth of Indian cities, characterized by chaotic
policies and providing their valuable feedback and urbanization, severe congestion, and escalating environmental degradation,
suggestions: has taken urban planners by surprise. Conventional urban planning
methods have given rise to a multitude of challenges, including inflexible
• Smt. D. Thara, IAS, Addl Secretary- Ministry of and unyielding plans, a disconnection from investment planning, resulting in
Housing & Urban Affairs, GOI poor implementation, and a failure to comprehensively address the intricate
• Shri Kunal Kumar, Joint Secretary and Mission interplay between spatial and functional aspects. It is now imperative that
Director, Smart Cities Mission, GOI the field of urban planning undergoes a fundamental shift towards a people-
• Shri Anshul Mishra IAS Member Secretary, centric development paradigm that takes into account the diverse needs of all
Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority, residents, with a particular focus on the underprivileged segments of society.
GoTN
Director, National Institute of
• Shri Avinash Patil, Joint secretary at Urban In his recent post-budget speech, the Hon'ble Prime Minister not only
Urban Affairs (NIUA)
Development Department, Dy Director, Town emphasized the pivotal role of planning and governance in urban
Planning Department, Pune, GoM development but also stressed the urgent need to direct our efforts towards
• Chief Architect and Planner, JNPA-SEZ, Mumbai spatial planning, transport planning, and urban infrastructure. To fulfill the
• Shri Rajesh Phadke, Consultant Planner, JNPA- Prime Minister's vision, it is imperative that we foster a climate of innovation,
SEZ, Mumbai develop a versatile array of planning tools, fortify our human resources with
efficiency, and augment the capabilities of urban local bodies to create a
plethora of opportunities.

In line with the vision of the Hon’ble Prime Minister, the National Institute of
Urban Affairs is nudging the urban eco-system through its seven-pronged
approach: (1) Data for Action; (2) Evidence-Based Integrated Planning; (3)
Demonstrate to Scale, (4) Equip to Institutionalize and Empower, (5) Innovate
and Co-create, (6) Foster Collaborations and Alliances; and (7) Invest in cities
of tomorrow; has developed a Guidebooks for the adoption of Form-Based
Codes and its Standard Operating Procedures.
Team - Our special thanks to -
These Guidebooks offer practical tools for managing brownfield sites of
• Creative Footprints - • The team at National Institute of varying scales at the city level. They outline a step-by-step process to transition
- Adarsha Kapoor, Sr. Urban Designer Urban Affairs for their guidance and towards adopting Form-Based Codes in India, streamlining the development
- Somi Chatterjee, Sr. Conservation Architect support - process for all stakeholders and facilitating business operations.
- Dr. Sanjeev Kr. Lohia, Former MD & CEO, - Hitesh Vaidya, Director
IRSDC - Sreenandini Banerjee Moreover, in addition to the Guidebooks, the NIUA is poised to launch a
- P.S. Uttarwar, Sr. Planner, Former AA. Comm. - Debjani Ghosh comprehensive training program. This program is specifically designed to
(Plg), DDA, provide guidance and support to practitioners, professionals, and students,
- Sudhir Vohra, Sr. Architect • Expert reviewers for their invaluable enabling them to embrace and refine this innovative approach. Through these
- Shubashis Dey inputs - concerted efforts, we are paving the way for a new era of urban development
- Vivek Chandran - R. Srinivas, Urban Planning Advisor, in India, one that is in harmony with the vision of our Hon'ble Prime Minister
- Prasanth Narayanan MoHUA, GOI, Ex-Chief Town and focused on sustainable growth and inclusive prosperity.
- Saparya Varma, Sr. Conservation Architect Planner, TCPO, New Delhi
- Somya Johri, Sr. Conservation Architect - Dr. Sujata Govada, Urban Designer,
- Ashim Manna, Sr. Urban Designer (Ekatra- Founding Director of the ISU, CEO/
DRC) MD of UDP International
- Sheeba Amir, Sr. Urban Planner (Ekatra-DRC) - Dr. Ajay Khare, Former member Hitesh Vaidya
- Shinjini Bhattacharyya, Conservation Architect NMA and Director, SPA Bhopal
- Md Sadaf Hussain, Urban Designer - Dr. Sumana Bhattacharjee, Senior
- Dilmeet Singh, Urban Designer specialist in Climate Mitigation
- Paras Mongia, Urban Planner Strategies (IPCC)
- Vinshi Raj, Urban Regenerator - Dr. Adil SMH, Senior Green Building
- Chetan Aggarwal, Architect and Sustainability Expert, Built
Environment Simulation Specialist,
CEO, GEED

6 7
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Table of Contents

Table of Contents

01 03
Introduction Urban Form Regulations
1.1. Vision for Indian Cities 31 3.1. Urban Form Regulations (UFR) 53
1.2. Benefits of Form Based Codes (FBC) 32 3.2. Categories of UFR 54
1.3. Application of this Guidebook 33
1.4. Steps to Adopt Form Based Codes (FBC) 35

02 04
Character Based Area Layout Plans Other Actions Required to Adopt FBC
2.1. Character Based Areas (CBAs) 38 4.1. Augment Institutional Capacity 58
2.2. Overlays of CBA Layout Plans 47 4.2. Digital Dynamic CBA portal 59
2.3 CBALP Formulation Methodology 48 4.3 Property Development Cards (PDC) 61
4.4 FBC Readiness Checklist 63

8 9
 Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes List of Figures/ Tables/ Abbreviations/
Table ofDefinitions
Contents

List of Figures List of Tables

Fig. 1: Pyramid of Planning System/ Process Framework����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Table 1: Key Parameters of conventional zoning in planning process ���������������������������������������������������������������� 20
Fig. 2: Measures adopted for climate change and disaster mitigation while preparing CBALP overlays������������� 19 Table 2: Key Parameters of conventional zoning in planning process����������������������������������������������������������������� 21
Fig. 3: Tools of Form Based Codes���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 Table 3: Typical process and timeline for preparation of LAP for brownfield areas ��������������������������������������������� 24
Fig. 4: Integration of Form Based Codes with Planning Processes��������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Table 4: Additional Stages/ Activities and timeline required for preparation of CBALP, in comparison to LAP for
Fig. 5: Vision for Indian Cities������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 brownfield areas��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25
Fig. 6: Conventional FBC������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 Table 5: Typical process and timeline for preparation of LAP for greenfield areas ���������������������������������������������� 26
Fig. 7: Hybrid FBC������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 32 Table 6: Additional Stages/ Activities and timeline required for preparation of CBALP, in comparison to LAP for
Fig. 8: Advanced FBC������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 32 greenfield areas ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27
Fig. 9: Form Based Codes application framework����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 33 Table 7: Examples of CBAs in India, studied on the basis of respective inherent attributes ������������������������������� 39
Fig. 10: Urban Form generated in response to climatological and functional conditions, Location: Guwahati, Assam Table 8: CBALP formulation methodology for brownfield areas �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48
����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 33 Table 9: CBALP formulation methodology for greenfield areas ��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49
Fig. 11: Proposed Planning and Regulation framework�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 34 Table 10: Sample Property Development Card ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 60
Fig. 12: Identification of Character Based Areas (CBAs)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 39 Table 11: FBC preparedness checklist ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 63
Fig. 13: Mix of uses in predominantly residential areas, George Town, Chennai ������������������������������������������������ 40
Fig. 14: Pedestrian passages through buildings, George Town, Chennai ����������������������������������������������������������� 40
Fig. 15: Rounded corners creating public space, Pune���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41
Fig. 16: Contemporary and Heritage buildings coexist while preserving the character of the Wadas, Pune������� 41
Fig. 17: Phoenix Palladium, Mumbai�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 42
Fig. 18: DN Road Heritage Precinct, Mumbai������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 42
Fig. 19: Vehicular passage through plot, Indore��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43
Fig. 20: Pedestrian passage through plot, Indore������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 43
Fig. 21: Pedestrian passage integrated with footpath, Gangtok��������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44
Fig. 22: Connection above ROW, Gangtok���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44
Fig. 23: Stepped passage through building, MG Road, Gangtok������������������������������������������������������������������������� 44
Fig. 24: Shading device on western facade, Guwahati���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45
Fig. 25: Shading device on western facade, Guwahati���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45
Fig. 26: Types of CBALP Overlays����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47
Fig. 27: Plot Development as per FBC����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 52
Fig. 28: Category of UFR - Public Open Spaces�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 54
Fig. 29: Category of UFR - Interfaces������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 54
Fig. 30: Category of UFR - Plots/ Buildings���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 54
Fig. 31: Proposed Institutional Capacity framework��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 58
Fig. 32: Screenshot of sample CBA portal����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59
Fig. 33: Screenshot of URA, Singapore’s portal: Connectivity plan��������������������������������������������������������������������� 59

10 11
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes List of Figures/ Tables/ Abbreviations/
Table ofDefinitions
Contents

List of Abbreviations
AAI Airports Authority of India SOP Standard Operating Procedures
ABD Area Based Development TDR Transferable Development Rights
AF Active Frontage TOD Transit Oriented Development
AI Artificial Intelligence UFR Urban Form Regulations
AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation UNFCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
AR Artificial Reality URA Urban Redevelopment Authority
BBL Building Bye-Laws URDPFI Urban and Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation Guidelines
BTL Build-To-Line VW Vehicular Way
BUA Built-Up Area w.r.t. with respect to
CBALP Character Based Area Layout Plans
CBP Community Building Program
DCR Development Control Regulations
EoDB Ease of Doing Business
EWS Economically Weaker Section
FAR Floor Area Ratio
FBC Form Based Codes
FC Facade Controls
FSI Floor Space Index
GC Ground Coverage
GDA Green Development Area
GIS Geographic Information System
GPR Ground Penetrating Radar
HRIDAY Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana
IoMT Internet of Moving Things
IPT Intermediate Para Transit/ Public Transport
IRP Interface Regulation Plan
IT Information Technology
LAP Local Area Plan
LCMP Low Carbon Mobility Plan
LDS Low-Emissions Development Strategy
LP Layout Plans
MUZ/ MFZ Multi-Utility Zone
NMT/ NMV Non-Motorized Transport/ Vehicles
NUTP National Urban Transport Policy
OSP Outdoor Space Plan
PDC Property Development Cards
PDP Property Development Plan
PHPDT Peak Hour Peak Direction Traffic
PT Public Transport
PW Pedestrian Way
ROP (Re)generation Opportunity Plan
RoW Right of Way
SAP Special Area Plan

12 13
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes List of Figures/ Tables/ Abbreviations/
Table ofDefinitions
Contents

List of Definitions

Form Based Codes Form Based Codes (FBC) is an area-based regulatory tool to facilitate
incremental development or transformation of Urban Built Form (and
Public Realm) to enhance, inherent or acquire a desired character. It is a
performance-oriented, bottom-up approach, and applicable to brownfield
and greenfield areas.

Character Based Area An area that is distinct by the virtue of identity defining feature is called a
Character Based Area (CBA). The Character thus identified may generate
from its functionality, visual quality of built form and/ or landscaping et al
enabling the urban realm to impart a collective experience. Such areas
are often contiguous to an anchor, like railway, metro or bus stations/
terminals, water bodies, heritage building/ precinct, university, business
district, wholesale market, industrial park, etc. Areas without an anchor with
a uniform identity defining features like urban villages, plotted residential
neighborhoods, farmhouse zones, slums, organically developed areas, etc.
can also be referred as CBAs. CBAs are usually bound by physical features
like roads, green areas, water bodies, railway lines, etc.

Character Based Area Each CBA will require a Layout Plan to regulate its urban form. Such Layout
Layout Plan Plans will be referred as Character Based Area Layout Plans (CBALP).
These will be a set of plans to regulate the development of public realm and
its adjoining urban forms.
LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK
Urban Form Urban Form Regulations (UFR) are tools which originate from CBALPs
Regulations and can be used to regulate the design of urban form (building and open
spaces). These regulate the qualities of public realm created by plot/ building
frontages. These, when applied to brownfield sites, may require removal,
amendment or at least rationalization of some conventional clauses in
Development Control Regulations and Building Bye-Laws.

Property Property Development Card (PDC) is defined as a document containing

Development Card UFR applicable to concerned plots as derived from the approved CBALP
and its UFR. PDCs are to be structured as per the requirements of CBAs and
will vary from a city to another.

14 15
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Preface

Built form of Indian cities seldom conform

to a predetermined aesthetics. Its visual Executive Summary
character is a result of function, climatic
condition, available resources (material and
craftsmanship) and a combination of the
aforementioned. This Guidebook is an instrument to achieve the urban transformation agenda initiated by the Government
of India. It provides tools to implement the Form Based Codes (FBC) approach for Indian cities - the
The Form Based Codes approach
Character Based Area Layout Plan (CBALP), Urban Form Regulation (UFR) unique to corresponding
recommended in this Guidebook is
CBALP and Property Development Cards (PDC) for improving public realm by meeting the demands of
performance-oriented. Aesthetics and
live-work-recreate, safety, sustainability and resilience, including brownfield areas.
functionality are considered as determinants
of Character and indicators of performance-
Urban form in India is heterogeneous, and layered. Its planning is increasingly gravitating to address
oriented Form Based Codes.
qualitative aspects of incremental growth, from the earlier quantitative approaches. This is evident
The Guidebook focuses on uniformity in the in the emergence of approaches like Local Area Planning, Layout Planning, Special Area Planning,
quality of functional aspects of Character. Area Based Development, Smart City Project, Transit Oriented Development et al. to upgrade public
Active frontages, enhanced connectivity, realm. Addressing this need, Character Based Area (CBA) has been introduced as a physical planning
climate responsive urban form, et al. are area defined through its existing or desired quality of public realm. Improvements in the latter, boosts
fundamental functional aspects of Character outdoor activities that increases social interaction, community building, business potentials and has
to make cities livable and resilient. environmental benefits. And, the resultant incremental improvement of living condition, infrastructure
and mobility, makes it a viable format of development.
Aesthetics is also considered a determinant
of performance and recommends tools to
This Guidebook details out a process to adopt FBC in India. It also comprises the Standard Operating
regulate or generate a desirable form. It does
Procedures (SOPs) for preparing CBALP and its corresponding UFRs. The plot specific DCRs and
not prescribe a predetermined aesthetic. SOP
UFRs shall be compiled in PDCs to streamline the development process for all end-users, thereby
II identifies tools for regulating or generating
enabling Ease-of-Doing Business (EoDB).
Urban Aesthetics.
The CBALP enlists overlays of Layout Plans for (re)generation opportunities, mobility network, outdoor
space network, interface regulation and property and community development. This would inform the
generation of UFRs (of CBALP) that enable functional design regulations of -
1. Public realm, through organization and utilization of streets, open-spaces, waterfronts
2. Plots, through buildable envelope, pedestrian way, public place within plots, projection across Public
Right of Ways, etc
3. .Interface of Plots with Public Realm, through Build-To-Line, Active Frontages, Colonnades, etc

The Guidebook also provides tools for cities to regulate aesthetics of the facades through establishing
proportions, material, colour etc.

The recommended FBC approach is performance-oriented and prioritizes on optimum utilization of

resources (trunk infrastructure, road network, environmental assets etc) where the CBALP conforms
with the capacity of infrastructure. The emerging UFRs will regulate the design of public realm. Execution
of the latter will be contextual, and demand-driven, hence flexible to factor specifics such as land
restructuring, use, articulation of frontages, open-spaces, building facades et al.

To leverage from the FBC approach, a dynamic portal with the above outputs is recommended.

16 17
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Preface

Integration of CBALP and Special Purpose Plans

Planning starts with Regional Planning where While drafting overlays of CBALP, the
urban, rural and urbanizable areas, environmental following measures for climate change and
assets are identified besides proposals for regional Disaster Risk Mitigation are emphasized.
infrastructure.

This is followed by preparation of Master or The Master Plans also identify smaller planning
Development Plan for urban areas. These are areas, like Special Area, Local Area, Influence
prepared for a horizon year of 20-30 years, by Zones, et al. Plans for these areas guide quantitative
incorporating proposals from Regional Plan while subdivision of land into plots, streets, green areas,
allocating resources at local level. The shared Climate Change Mitigation
etc. Character Based Areas subsumes all former
resources of an urban area like residential, types of smaller area planning while adding Footpath/ Sidewalks, Streetscaping, Pedestrian
commercial, institutional areas, green areas, regulatory plans for qualitative improvement. This Ways, Priority to Public Transport
social and physical infrastructure etc. are planned enables context-specific solutions that are flexible,
a) Low Carbon Mobility Plan (LCMP) Disaster Risk Mitigation
based on projected population and employment leading to incremental improvement in public realm
opportunities. At this stage even strategies through participation. Emergency Routes, Lanes, Passageways at
and plans for Climate Change mitigation and necessary intervals provide alternates during
Disaster Risk Mitigation are prepared. evacuation

Climate Change Mitigation

Public Open Spaces and Green areas at each

Perspective level (natural and man-made)
and b) Outdoor Space Plan (OSP) Disaster Risk Mitigation
Regional
Plan Open Spaces, Green Areas, Waterfronts as well
Increase in level

as open spaces within properties provide spaces

of detailing

Master / for refuge and evacuation

Development
Plan

Local Area Plan Climate Change Mitigation

and c) Interface Regulation Plan (IRP)
Character Based Area Active frontages and Colonnades
Layout Plan (CBALP)

Special Purpose Plan, Disaster Risk Mitigation

Annual Plan and Project /
d) Community Building Program Community facilities like hospitals, institutes, halls,
Research / Schemes
(CBP) child-friendly zones, geriatric-friendly zones, their
respective spillover zones and activity patterns
build socio-economic resilience

Fig. 2: Measures adopted for climate change and disaster

Fig. 1: Pyramid of Planning System/ Process Framework mitigation while preparing CBALP overlays

18 19
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Preface

Conventional Zoning Vs Form Based Code Zoning in Planning Process

Conventional Zoning Key Parameters Form Based Code Zoning Key Parameters

Regulations for
Ground 1. Regulates development Regulations for streets 1. Regulates quality of de-
Coverage volumes through FAR, green areas velopment through param-
ground coverage, setbacks Regulations for eters like active frontage,
Setback and may continue to apply waterfronts build-to-line etc.
as it is with certain re-
articulations. NOTE: Urban Form Reg-
ulations would be part of
For Example- notified CBALP, hence in-
Setbacks may be treated as dependent of Master Plan
extended footpath without changes.
boundary walls, like in Regulations for
Volume case of Navi Mumbai and Regulations for
plot development
governed by Ahmadabad plot interface
FAR

Setbacks for Space for Regulations encourage Regulations encourage

safety distaster 2. Emphasizes on safety (fire, plot development active frontages and 2. Safety (Fire, disaster etc.),
mitigation disaster etc.). integrating greens open spaces functionality and efficiency
remain paramount.

3. Public agencies are re- 3. Public and private agencies

sponsible for environmental share responsibility for
preservation. environmental preservation

4. Controls quantity of devel- 4. CBA specific Urban Form

opment through pan-city Regulations guide quality
'Development Control Reg- of Urban Realm, while De-
ulations'. velopment Control Regula-
tions control the develop-
ment volumes.
Green Areas and Recreational Spaces are Green Areas and Recreational Spaces are
disconnected and hence less active. connected with adjoining development and
hence remain active.

Public Space within Active and vibrant

5. Focused towards controlling private plot public spaces 5. Focused towards devel-
private development, ir- opment of Public Realm
respective to its physical through private participa-
context. tion.

Resultant development is monotonous and Resultant development creates vibrant Urban

often encourage vehicle dependence. Environment which has pedestrian priority.
Table 1: Key Parameters of conventional zoning in planning process Table 2: Key Parameters of Form Based Codes zoning in planning process

20 21
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Preface

Attributes of Form Based Code Approach Integration of Form Based Codes in Planning Process

Form Based Codes (FBC) is an area-based regulatory tool to facilitate incremental development
or transformation of Urban Built Form (and Public Realm) to enhance inherent or acquire a desired Existing Planning Vision of enhancing liveability Integration of FBC
Framework Framework
character. It is a performance-oriented, bottom-up approach, and applicable to brown and greenfield of Indian cities
areas.
FBC aims to create Urban Realm that is -
Form Based Codes comprise of: Layout Plan/Local Area Based Planning Character Based Area
Area Plan (or similar) Layout Plan
1. Climate responsive and resilient.

2. Market responsive development for value Primary objective is Step 1: Area Mapping Primary objective is
maximization.
Greenfield Brownfield Regeneration
Urbanization also applicable to Greenfield
3. With integrated response to Natural and Built
Heritage, and other resources. 2-Dimensional Step 2: Assessment 3-Dimensional

4. 24 x 7 walkable, safe and comfortable urban Static and linear Dynamic and flexible
response to context response to context
environment.
User response is an Step 3: Plan formulation User response is
5. With ease of living environment. expected outcome incorporated upfront

Development/
1. Character Based Area Layout Plans Incremental Development | Infill Development | Retrofitting
Redevelopment

Floor Space Index | Transferable Development Rights Urban Form Regulations

Implementation
Fig. 4: Integration of Form Based Codes with planning processes

2. Urban Form Regulations

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT CARDS NO. [CITY/PLOT UID/YEAR]
NOTE:
Plot Area ________________ sq.m. • The response to character defining features
are included into the FBC framework. Heritage,
VP Volumetric Parameters Applicable Regulations/ Measurements (Development
Control Norms/ Local Byelaws)
VP.1. Applicable F.A.R./ F.S.I. _________ m

VP.2. Applicable Ground _________ % environment, climate, user requirements etc are
examples of character defining features
Coverage
VP.3. Use Premise as LP/ Residential/ Commercial/ Public-Semipublic/ Industrial/
CBALP Transportation/ Social Infrastructure (Educational/

VP.4. Permissible mix of use

Hospitals) etc
_________ % Residential All use premises to have • FBC preparation and implementation is a
consultative process.
_________ % Commercial atleast-
_________ % Social 20% residential
Infrastructure 20% commercial or social
infrastructure or both
VP.5. Mandatory Setbacks Frontage adjoining open spaces- ______ m, to be
maintained as public space without boundary wall,
Frontage abutting another plot- ______ m,
VP.6. Maximum permissible h= _________m, above natural ground level
height of Superstructure
VP.7. Maximum permissible
Depth of underground
structure
d= _________m, below natural ground level
Development Control Norms are ‘volumetric Character Based Area Layout Planning1
UNDERGROUND PORTION

N.G.L. (NATURAL GROUND LEVEL)

Built to Line

Property Line
parameters’ of urban form. subsumes the Layout Planning process.
PROPERTY LINE
SID Setback
BUILD-TO- LINE E2

SID
E3
Form Based Codes integrate ‘qualitative Urban Form Regulations add value to
h
SIDE
1 parameters’ of urban form with development Development Control Regulations.
regulations.
SID
.L. d E4
N.G

Fig. A: Indicative Volumetric Parameters

1.
Chapter 2 defines Character Based Area Plans
Fig. 3: Tools of Form Based Codes
3. Property Development Card

22 23
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Preface

LAP vs CBALP Preparation Process for Brownfield Areas

Sl. Stages/ Activities of Local Area Plan (LAP) Timeline (In Sl. Additional Stages/ Activities of Character Based Area Layout Timeline
No. months) No. Plan (CBALP) (In Months)
A Preliminary Stage 2 A Preliminary Stage- Same as LAP
1. Identification and delineation of the project area B Situation Analysis (Area Appreciation Stage)
2. Preliminary Gazette Notification In addition to data collected in LAP, following may be required for
3. Consultation with Land/ Property owners and other stakeholders preparation of CBALP-
4. Compilation of the list of property owners and ownership pattern
5. Institutional arrangement, overview of process 1. Plot wise information:
B Situation Analysis (Draft Stage) • Mapping of open vs built form within plots
1. Detailed area survey and data collection, analysis of existing infrastructure • Plot ownerships
(Scale1:250/ 1:500): • Economic and work profile of the existing population (to predict the
• Mapping of physical infrastructure affordability level of the area)
• Land Use and social infrastructure mapping • Property / land values for various asset classes
• Conducting street surveys, mapping of all installations and trees • Rental scenario for both residential and commercial properties
• Plot wise building information • Unit sizes and distribution in the area
• Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) can be used for assessment of existing • Prime locations of various real Estate Asset classes in the CBA
infrastructure
2. Mapping of population and built density (existing and proposed)
C Review of all the existing plans prepared for the city
C Review of all the existing plans prepared for the city- Same as LAP
1. Master Plan/ Development Plan and Zonal Plan
2. Plan prepared under Smart Cities Mission D Plan Preparation
3. Plan prepared under AMRUT 1. Delineation of CBALP for further plan preparation and defining the overall
4. City Development Plan character based on surveys, observations and data collected
5. City Mobility Plan
6. Plan prepared under HRIDAY 2. Preparation of CBALP by conducting the following assessments:
7. Any other special purpose plan (Climate Action Plans, Environmental • Real Estate demand and supply
Conservation Plan, Disaster Management Plan, Disaster Mitigation Plan, • Existing infrastructure, its capacity, future augmentation feasibility
8 Additional 4
Vulnerability and Risk Assessments) • Population (and Floor Area) holding capacity
D Plan Preparation (Redevelopment) • Blue Green resource study, possibility of integrating Sponge City approach
• Activity and spillover assessment
1. Prepare Redevelopment Plan by way of Local Area Plan:
• Layout Plan showing linkages, connectivity and appropriate setbacks if 3. Prepare all CBALP Overlays
required
• Proposed land use (if amended) E Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework
• Proposals for redevelopment In addition to proposed Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework
• Change in DCR for additional FSI or TDR for value capture in LAP, following may be required for adopting FBC-

2. Identification of projects for urban infrastructure and redevelopment 1. Prepare UFR applicable to respective CBALPs in addition to existing
E Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework Development Control Regulations (DCR) and Building Bye-Laws (BBL)
provision. Prepare typical PDCs.
1. Strengthening sustainability component – conservation of urban lakes by 2. Prepare the wire-frame for online portal
delineating and declaring no-development areas, parks, plantation plan
for road side and open areas F Adoption of UFRs
2. Formulation of strategy for use of VCF tools Mandatory
3. Benefits and impact assessment
G Final Proposal- Same as LAP
4. Consultation with the land/ property owners and other stakeholders –
incorporating suggestions and objections
5. Implementation strategies and proposed timelines
F Adoption of FBC
Recommended
G Final Proposal 2
1. Submitting LAP to Government for approval
2. Gazette Notification

Table 3: Typical process and timeline for preparation of LAP for brownfield areas Table 4: Additional stages/ activities and timeline required for preparation of CBALP, in comparison to LAP for brownfield areas

24 25
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Preface

LAP vs CBALP Preparation Process for Greenfield Areas

Sl. Stages/ Activities of Local Area Plan (LAP) Timeline S l . Additional Stages/ Activities of Character Based Area Layout Timeline
No. (In Months) No. Plan (CBALP) (In Months)
A Preliminary Stage 2 A Preliminary Stage- Same as LAP
1. Identification and delineation of the project area B Situation Analysis (Area Appreciation Stage) Additional 1
2. Preliminary Gazette Notification 1. Economic and work profile of the land owners
3. Consultation with Land/ Property owners and other stakeholders 2. Land values
4. Compilation of the list of property owners and ownership pattern 3. Unit sizes and distribution in the area
B Situation Analysis (Draft Stage) 4. Surrounding amenities/ important landmarks around the area
1. Detailed area survey and data collection, analysis of existing infrastructure 5. Prime locations for proposed infrastructure allocation
(Scale1:250/ 1:500) C Review of all the existing plans prepared for the city- Same as LAP
2. Preparation of a list of landowners and map identifying the land under D Plan Preparation (Urban Expansion)- Same as LAP Additional 1
individual ownerships
3. Detailed data collection and analysis of future infrastructure requirements In addition to plans prepared in LAP, preparation of following overlays
based on projected population of CBALP would be critical-
• Outdoor Space Plan
C Review of all the existing plans prepared for the city • Interface Regulation Plan
Same as that for Brownfield Areas • Property Development Plan
• Community Building Plan
D Plan Preparation (Urban Expansion)
1. Original plots merged and final plots redrawn on map after making NOTE: CBALP Overlays missing in list above are prepared in LAP with
provisions of land for public purposes (Road, parks, affordable housing, different names.
conservation of wetlands, reserved land for commercial sale etc.) (Scale E Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework
1:250 / 1:500)
[Emerging provisions of TOD, TDR, Area Based FSI, new and renewable In addition to proposed Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework
energy, environment conservation for urban lakes, disaster management, in LAP, following may be required for adopting FBC-
rain water harvesting etc. Overall plan to be in accordance with the Norms
and Standards as prescribed in URDPFI Guidelines, 2014 to the extent 8 1. Prepare UFR applicable to respective CBALPs in addition to existing
feasible and practical] Development Control Regulations (DCR) and Building Bye-Laws (BBL)
2. Area calculation for deduction of land from each plot provision. Prepare typical PDCs.
3. Identification of projects of urban infrastructure and redevelopment 2. Prepare the wire-frame for online portal
4. Preparation of phasing plan if necessary F Adoption of UFRs
5. Allocation of Land Use to individual plots Mandatory
• Layout plan showing linkages, connectivity and higher setbacks if required
• Assessment of betterment levy G Final Proposal- Same as LAP
• Special DCRs for TPS
E Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework
1. Strengthening sustainability component – conservation of urban lakes by
delineating and declaring no-development areas, parks, plantation plan for
road side and open areas
2. Formulation of strategy for use of VCF tools
3. Benefits and impact assessment
4. Consultation with the land/ property owners and other stakeholders –
incorporating suggestions and objections
5. Implementation strategies and proposed timelines
F Adoption of UFRs
Recommended
G Final Proposal 2
1. Submitting LAP to Government for approval
2. Gazette Notification

Table 5: Typical process and timeline for preparation of LAP for greenfield areas Table 6: Additional Stages/ Activities and timeline required for preparation of CBALP, in comparison to LAP for greenfield areas

26 27
 01
Introduction
This chapter explains:
(i) application and benefits of Form Based Codes
(ii) integration of FBC with existing planning and
regulatory frameworks

28 29
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 1 | Introduction

1.1 Vision for Indian Cities

ASAKO OKAI As per the long-term Low-Emissions Development Strategy (LDS) submitted to the United Nations
UN Assistant Secretary-General and Director, UNDP Crisis Bureau Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November 2022 (Government of India, 2022),
India aims to have Net Zero cities by 2070. This makes liveability and resilience the priority and target
"Incredibly, over half of humanity already lives in urban settings. With this figure
for urban development.
projected to rise to two thirds by 2050, the need for development action in cities
can no longer be overlooked.
Aligning with these goals, this Guidebook provides necessary tools, guidelines and a palette of options
Urban resilience – the ability of city dwellers to withstand economic, social, health, that enable cities to meet the target of LDS, being:-
environmental, disaster and climate related risks – has assumed renewed urgency 1. Net Zero
and has become central to our development discourse." 2. Sustainable and risk averse
3. Accessible, affordable and active round the clock
4. Safe and inclusive
5. Integrate and sustain natural and built heritage
6. Respond and adapt to market dynamics
7. Climate mitigation, adaptation and resilience
8. Energy efficiency
9. Transit Oriented Development and Travel demand management
10. Child-friendly cities
11. Flood resilient
12. Urban heat
13. Gender responsive cities
14. Urban finance
15. Affordable housing
16. Future of urban economy
17. Sponge Cities
18. Nature-based Solution

MEANS EFFECT

How do we plan to achieve the What are we trying to achieve?

vision?

RESILIENCE LIVABLE CITIES

1. Sustainability
a. Environment 1. Cities with efficient
b. Social use of resources
c. Financial 2. Inclusive cities
2. Climate Response
3. Disaster Averse

Mall Road, Gangtok, Sikkim Fig. 5: Vision for Indian Cities

30 31
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 1 | Introduction

1.2 Benefits of Form Based Codes (FBC) 1.3 Application of this Guidebook

1. Natural, cultural, context and infrastructure Conventional Form Based Codes This Guidebook provides tools and processes to integrate Form Based Codes in existing planning,
resource specific design solutions. building regulation, sanctioning and regulatory frameworks. It introduces ‘Character Based Areas
Focuses on Setbacks, Floor Space Index, Height
2. Maximizes value of urban areas and makes Restrictions, etc. Layout Planning’ and ‘Urban Form Regulations’ that are value addition to the existing systems of
cities viable for investment. Layout Planning and Development Regulations, respectively.
3. Increases effective capacity of urban areas.
4. Diversifies and distributes spatial use across
the day in response to community requirement
and market demand.
5. Simplifies processes of transformation and
incremental development.
6. Leads to sustainable development through
retrofitting, in-fill, reuse, upgradation, et al of
existing urban resources without the wastage
of time and money.
Fig. 6: Conventional FBC

Master Plan Layout Plan Development Regulations Resultant

Hybrid Form Based Codes (Urban Design Vision) (Character Based Areas) (Form Based Codes) Urban Form

Over and above parameters of Conventional FBC, it Fig. 9: Form Based Codes application framework
includes regulations for Public Spaces, Interface and Plots
like active frontage, Build-To-Line, Colonnade etc.

Fig. 7: Hybrid FBC

Advanced Form Based Codes

Over and above parameters of Hybrid FBC, includes
regulations for facade regulations and architectural design
controls.

It is recommended that cities work towards

adopting the Hybrid Form Based Codes.

It is desirable for cities to plan and adopt

Advanced Form Based Codes to regulate
facades and architecture styles. This
imparts an identity and reinforces positive
public response/ behavior. Fig. 10: Urban Form generated in response to climatological and functional conditions, Location: Guwahati, Assam
Fig. 8: Advanced FBC

32 33
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 1 | Introduction

1.4 Steps to Adopt Form Based Codes

The figure below explains the proposed framework for implementing Form Based Codes. It is integrated Following three tools have been introduced to institutionalize the FBC-
with the existing planning stages, and applicable acts/ policies listed in the Urban and Regional Plan
Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) Guidelines, 2014 (Volume IV). The modifications and value 1. Character Based Areas-
additions to existing framework are mentioned in blue. Refer Chapter 1 for definition and SOP-I for details
2. Urban Form Regulations-
Refer Chapter 1 for definition and SOP-II for details
PLANNING NECESSARY ACTS/ POLICIES CONCERNED 3. Property Development Cards-
HIERARCHY PLANS APPLICABLE AUTHORITIES
Refer Chapter 6 for definition and SOP-II for details

Model and Regional Town These plans are prepared by

Planning Development Law, Town Planning departments
1985 or concerned development Step 1: Notify modification to city’s Master/ Development plan
authority. While preparation

01
State Town and Country
Planning Acts of the plan, consultation to introduce provisions of FBC
State Urban Planning and with corporation, utility
Development service providers and other
Development Acts
stakeholders are conducted. • Define CBAs and its demarcation process.
Plan Environment Impact
City/ Master Plan/
Specific Purpose Assessment Notification, 2006 • Define UFRs as a part of DCRs and notify (recommended) it as regulations for
Development Plan
Stage Plan Environment Protection Act, At this stage, the boundaries CBA.
Identification 1986 of Character Based Areas
of Character Forest Conservation Act, 1980 have to be identified
Based Areas and synchronized with
Coastal Regulation Zone, other boundaries of area
2011 based plans like LAP, TOD Step 2: Notify modifications to Building Bye-Laws
74th Constitutional

02
Influence Zone plan, etc.
Amendment Act
Model Municipal Law, 2013
• Introduce provisions for submission and approval of Property Development
Cards (PDC) before application for Building Sanction.
• Integration of PDC with EoDB portal.
Industries (Development and
Regulation) Act, 1951
The area based plans are
Industrial Policy, 1991 prepared by public and
National Investment and private agencies under the
Specific Purpose provisions of the Master plan.
Plan Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs)
Guidelines For example, TOD Influence Step 3: Create Dynamic CBA portal
Area Based Planning Identification Zone Plan may be prepared

03
Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
Stage (Preparation of of Character Act, 2005
by development authority/town • Create and publish a Dynamic Online Portal displaying all overlays of CBALP
CBA Plans, LAP, TOD Based Areas planning department/ MRTS
Influence Zone Plan, Plan Schemes for Cluster agency or any agency. enabling access of compliances applicable to a CBA.
Green Development CBA - Specific Development • Integrate the CBALP with Building Sanction portals so that sanctioned building
Area Plan, etc.) Urban Form Ancient Monuments and At this stage, the CBA plans are visible to all user. This will encourage plot owner/developer/designer to
Regulations Archaeological Sites and layout plans and Urban
Remains (Amendment and Form Regulations have to respond to surrounding development.
Validation) Act, 2010 be prepared and integrated
National Heritage with Development Control
Conservation Regulations and Building
Cantonment Act, 2006 Bye-Laws.
Step 4: Update the online EoDB

Project Planning Right to Fair Compensation

To facilitate development of
plots, planning authorities
issue Development Control
04 •
•
Keep EoDB and CBA portals updated to display information on a real time basis.
Simplify the process of change of land use provided it adheres to all necessary
norms.
Enforcement of and Transparency in Land Norms and Building Bye-
FBC Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Laws. Municipal Corporations
Plot Development Resettlement Act, 2013 thereafter implement the DCR
Stage Approvals National Building Code, 2016 and BBL.
- PDC approval Model Building Bye-Laws, Roles and responsibility for implementing FBC-
2016 At this stage, Form Based
- Building Codes have to be enforced
Sanctions Local Building Bye-Laws
by concerned authority/ . lan and Regulation Formation- Area Planning Agency while preparing CBALP including UFR
P
corporation.
Regulation Implementation- Development Authority/ Corporation while notifying CBALP including
Fig. 11: Proposed Planning and Regulation framework UFR
Building Sanction- Building Department of Authority/ Corporation

34 35
 02
Character Based Area
Layout Plans
This chapter introduces:
(i) Character Based Areas (CBA) and CBA Layout
Plans (CBALP),
(ii) Applications, requirements, benefits and stages of
preparing CBALP.

36 37
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 2 | Character Based Plans

2.1 Character Based Areas (CBAs)

Hill Settlement - CBA

Central Business District (CBD) - CBA

Character Based Area Definition Railway Development - CBA

"An area that is distinct by the virtue of identity defining feature is called a Character Based Area.
The Character thus identified may generate from its functionality, visual quality of built form and/or River Centric - CBA

landscaping et al enabling the urban realm to impart a collective experience. Such areas are often
Urban Village - CBA
contiguous to an anchor, like railway, metro or bus stations/terminals, water bodies, heritage building/
precinct, university, business district, wholesale market, industrial park, etc. Areas without an anchor
with a uniform identity defining features like urban villages, plotted residential neighborhoods, farmhouse
zones, slums, organically developed areas, etc. can also be referred as Character Based Areas. CBAs
are usually bound by physical features like roads, green areas, water bodies, railway lines, etc. "

The Character can be a function of either of the following, or their combination:

1. Activities - Formal and Informal
Residential- CBA
2. Density - Population density, Built density, Spatial density
3. Climate - Climatic character of the area
4. Heritage - Natural and Built TOD - CBA
5. Collective experience
Industrial - CBA
6. Administrative area proposed for a type of development or use
Fig. 12: Identification of Character Based Areas (CBAs)

Need for Character Based Areas Benefit of Character Based Areas Types of CBAs
CBAs are to be defined in the Master/ Development CBA will encourage preparation of CBALP
City Character Based Area Types Studies Name of the Area
Plans with the intention of compiling applicable and implement Master/ Development Plan
UFRs for respective CBAs. vision, especially in relation to Urban Design, Heritage Precinct, Wholesale Market, Institutional Area, Mixed-use Zone George Town Area
Conservation and Regeneration.
Chennai High Density Mixed-use along MRTS corridor and Aerial Road Anna Salai Area

Local Mixed-use Street T. Nagar

Pune Business District, River Oriented Development, Heritage Precinct, Educational Hub Areas along R. Mutha

Industrial Town JNPT, Navi Mumbai

Mumbai Reused Mill Precinct Parel

Explanation Heritage Street D.N. Road

Indore Business District, Wholesale Markets GPO, Jail Road Area

Existing ‘Character’ of an Urban Area can be character through FBC approach.
desirable or not. Areas may be devoid of one 2. Brown-field area with undesirable character. Gangtok Business District, Hill Settlement, Educational Hub, Mixed-use Mall Road
too. The areas with desirable character can For example- slums or informal settlements
may require introduction of a new character Guwahati Administrative Hub, Institutional Hub, Commercial Area Pan Bazaar Area
inspire those with undesirable character or
devoid of one. to meet the needs of its residents. Table 7: Examples of CBAs in India, studied on the basis of respective inherent attributes
3. Greenfield areas where FBC approach can
FBCs can be applied to the following types impart a new character.
of CBAs- 4. Special Areas identified in the Master / NOTE:
1. Brown-field area with desirable character. Development Plan The CBAs mentioned in figure and table above are samples studied to document features of FBCs in use in Indian cities. It
5. Edges along natural features. For example shows the attributes typical to CBAs, and how such areas function, within limitations, to enable everyday city life. These are
For example- A heritage area can inspire
references to understand planning provisions, design adaptations, and required range of upgradation for other cities to learn
others to draw reference from its traditional strand or ghats, marine drives etc.
and devise their own solutions. It does not recommend replication of any sample, even within the city and nor does it compare
one to another.

38 39
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 2 | Character Based Plans

Example 1- George Town, Chennai Example 2- Shaniwar Peth, Pune

George Town (Chennai) is a mixed use district. Part of George Town near High Court is a Heritage Shaniwar Peth (Pune) shows an optimum utilization of land through mixed use buildings, wide
Precinct. footpaths integrated with the plot frontages, rounding or chamfering of corner building to enable
strategic allocation of public space and adaptive reuse of heritage buildings.

Fig. 13: Mix of uses in predominantly residential areas, George Town, Chennai Fig. 15: Rounded corners creating public space, Pune

Pune has preserved the essense of traditional wadas (residential units). While private buildings in
This high density area has pedestrian passages with active frontages through buildings which wadas are transforming, there is a seeming sensitiveness towards local heritage by maintaining
provide mutual shading. These factors encourage high footfalls and hence return of revenue. (comparable) plot width, openings at ground floor level, recesses et al.

Fig. 14: Pedestrian passages through buildings, George Town, Chennai Fig. 16: Contemporary and Heritage buildings coexist while preserving the character of the Wadas, Pune

40 41
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 2 | Character Based Plans

Example 3- Mumbai Mills and DN Road Example 4- Jail Road Area, Indore

The defunct mills in Mumbai (Maharashtra) have seen redevelopment through upcycling industrial In the old city of Indore (Madhya Pradesh), buildings have vehicular passages through it. This has
units. This has helped to maximize revenues from mill lands, encourage private participation in enabled active street frontages with parking behind the perimeter block.
preserving an otherwise derelict precinct, besides upgradation of infrastructure.

Fig. 17: Phoenix Palladium, Mumbai Fig. 19: Vehicular passage through plot, Indore

The Heritage Precinct of DN Road in Mumbai continues to use historic buildings actively and has
retained its character. The precinct also shows heritage sensitive insertions, like sign boards, and Pedestrian passages through commercial plots encourage walkability and maximizes return of
how buildings need to be regulated. revenue.

Fig. 18: DN Road Heritage Precinct, Mumbai Fig. 20: Pedestrian passage through plot, Indore

42 43
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 2 | Character Based Plans

Example 5- Mall Road, Gangtok Example 6- Pan Bazaar, Guwahati

Urban Development in Gangtok (Sikkim) has adapted contours to create pedestrian passages The Pan Bazaar area of Guwahati (Assam) is a mixed use, high density commercial area. Buildings
that allow seamless movement across building heights. Entry to facilities are synchronized with here have shading devices to reduce heat load and pedestrian passages through buildings lined
pedestrian passages which encourage vertical mix of uses and active frontage at different levels. with retail shops flanking either sides. It encourages pedestrians to walk through these shaded
passages, and maximize value capture.

Fig. 21: Pedestrian passage integrated with footpath, Gangtok Fig. 24: Shading device on western facade, Guwahati

Integrated pedestrian network through plots, buildings and public spaces, and connections above
RoWs increases and encourages walkability. This enhances value capture and EoDB.

Fig. 22: Connection above RoW, Gangtok Fig. 23: Stepped passage through building, MG Road, Fig. 25: Shading device on western facade, Guwahati
Gangtok

44 45
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 2 | Character Based Plans

2.2 Overlays of CBA Layout Plans

OUTDOOR
1. CBA Layout Plans will regulate UFR SPACE PLAN
components at area level and create basis (OSP)
for its application to individual plots.

2. Character Based Area Layout Plans

(CBALPs) are intended to enhance
liveability of the area through:
• Mix of uses and ease of conversion of use.
LOW CARBON
• Preserving green-blue network through land MOBILITY
sharing and environmental remediation PLAN (LCMP)
methods.
• Provide height relaxation and air-rights
maximization while conforming to applicable
norms.1
• Activate street edges by utilizing the front
(RE)GENERATION
setbacks to maximise the revenue potential
OPPORTUNITY
and maintain eyes-on-street.
PLAN (ROP)
• Creation and preservation of landmarks that
aid in legibility and definition of urban area. Zone 1
Zone 2
LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK • Cities may add more information/ overlays of Zone 3

CBA Plans subsequently.

PROPERTY
DEVELOPMENT
PLAN (PDP)

INTERFACE
REGULATION
PLAN (IRP)

COMMUNITY
1
Height control norms may be in the form of AAI rules, BUILDING
heritage response, Infrastructure requirements and PROGRAM
Transit Corridors, et al. and to ensure buildings have (CBP)
solar access for atleast up to two hours per day by
specifying Height Control Zones.

Fig. 26: Types of CBALP Overlays

46 47
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 2 | Character Based Plans

2.3 CBALP Formulation Methodology

Methodology for Brownfield areas Methodology for Greenfield areas
A. Preliminary Stage A. Preliminary Stage
1. Identification and delineation of the project area 1. Identification and delineation of the project area
2. Preliminary Gazette Notification 2. Preliminary Gazette Notification
3. Consultation with land/ property owners and other stakeholders 3. Consultation with land/ property owners and other stakeholders
4. Compilation of the list of property owners and ownership pattern 4. Compilation of the list of property owners and ownership pattern
5. Institutional arrangement, overview of process B. Situation Analysis (Draft Stage)
B. Situation Analysis (Draft Stage) 1. Detailed area survey and data collection, analysis of existing infrastructure (Scale1:250/ 1:500)
1. Detailed area survey and data collection, analysis of existing infrastructure (Scale1:250/ 1:500): 2. Preparation of a list of land owners and map identifying the land under individual ownerships
• Mapping of physical infrastructure 3. Detailed data collection and analysis of future infrastructure requirements based on projected
• Land Use and social infrastructure mapping population
• Conducting street surveys, mapping of all installations and trees 4. Economic and work profile of the land owners
• Plot wise building information 5. Land values
• Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) can be used for assessment of existing infrastructure 6. Unit sizes and distribution in the area
2. Plot wise information: 7. Surrounding amenities/ important landmarks around the area
• Mapping of open vs built form within plots 8. Prime locations for proposed infrastructure allocation
• Plot ownerships C. Review of all the existing plans prepared for the city
• Economic and work profile of the existing population (to predict the affordability level of the area)
• Property / land values for various asset classes 1. Master Plan/ Development Plan and Zonal Plan
• Rental scenario for both residential and commercial properties 2. Plan prepared under Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, HRIDAY
• Unit sizes and distribution in the area 3. City Development Plan, City Mobility Plan, City Sanitation Plan
• Prime locations of various Real Estate Asset classes in the CBA 4. Any other special purpose plan (Climate Action Plans, Environmental Conservation Plan, Disaster
3. Mapping of population and built density (existing and proposed) Management Plan, Disaster Mitigation Plan, Vulnerability and Risk Assessments)
C. Review of all the existing plans prepared for the city D. Plan Preparation (Urban Expansion)
1. Master Plan/ Development Plan and Zonal Plan 1. Original plots merged and final plots redrawn on map after making provisions of land for public
2. Plan prepared under Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, HRIDAY purposes (Road, parks, affordable housing, conservation of wetlands, reserved land for commercial
3. City Development Plan, City Mobility Plan, City Sanitation Plan sale etc.) (Scale 1:250 / 1:500)
4. Any other special purpose plan (Climate Action Plans, Environmental Conservation Plan, Disaster [Emerging provisions of TOD, TDR, Area Based FSI, new and renewable energy, environment
Management Plan, Disaster Mitigation Plan, Vulnerability and Risk Assessments) conservation for urban lakes, disaster management, rain water harvesting etc. Overall plan to be
in accordance with the norms and standards as prescribed in URDPFI Guidelines, 2014 to the
D. Plan Preparation extent feasible and practical]
1. Delineation of CBA and defining the desired character through CBALP. 2. Area calculation for deduction of land from each plot
2. Preparation of CBALP by conducting the following assessments: 3. Identification of projects of urban infrastructure and redevelopment
• Real Estate Demand and Supply 4. Preparation of phasing plan if necessary
• Existing infrastructure, its capacity, future augmentation feasibility 5. Allocation of Land Use to individual plots
• Population (and Floor Area) holding capacity • Layout plan showing linkages, connectivity and higher setbacks if required
• Blue Green resource study, possibility of integrating Sponge City approach • Assessment of betterment levy
• Activity and spillover assessment • Special DCRs for TPS
3. Prepare all CBALP Overlays 6. Prepare necessary CBALP Overlays
E. Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework E. Plan Implementation and Strategies Framework
1. Formulation of strategy for use of VCF tools 1. Formulation of strategy for use of VCF tools
2. Prepare UFR applicable to respective CBALPs in addition to existing Development Control 2. Prepare UFR applicable to respective CBALPs in addition to existing Development Control
Regulations (DCR) and Building Bye-Laws (BBL) provision. Prepare typical PDCs. Regulations (DCR) and Building Bye-Laws (BBL) provision. Prepare typical PDCs.
3. Benefits and impact assessment 3. Benefits and Impact Assessment
4. Consultation with the land/ property owners and other stakeholders – incorporating suggestions 4. Consultation with the land/ property owners and other stakeholders – incorporating suggestions
and objections and objections
5. Implementation strategies and proposed timelines 5. Implementation strategies and proposed timelines
6. Prepare the wire-frame for online portal 6. Prepare the wire-frame for online portal
F. Adoption of UFRs F. Adoption of UFRs
G. Final Proposal G. Final Proposal
1. Submitting CBALP to Government for approval 1. Submitting CBALP to Government for approval
2. Gazette Notification 2. Gazette Notification
Table 8: CBALP formulation methodology for brownfield areas Table 9: CBALP formulation methodology for greenfield areas

48 49
 03
Urban Form Regulations
This chapter introduces:
(i) Urban Form Regulations (UFR)
(ii) Components of UFR to regulate quality of built
environment

50 51
Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 3 | Urban Form Regulations

3.1 Urban Form Regulations (UFR)

Urban Form Regulation Definition

"Urban Form Regulations (UFR)" are tools which originate from Character Based Area Plans and can Preparation process:
be used to regulate the design of Urban Form (Building and Open Spaces).

UFRs regulate the qualities of Public Realm created by plot/ building frontages. These, when applied
1. Select the Character Based Area for which CBALP is ready
to brownfield sites may require removal, amendment or atleast rationalization of some conventional
clauses in Development Control Regulations and Building Bye-Laws .
2. Generate a flowchart of Layout Plan regulation, implementation and building sanction

SOP II of this Guidebook provides an ideal palette of components to form UFR for concerned CBA.
3. Select the suitable category of Urban Form Regulations (UFR) applicable to -
Over time, cities may introduce new components of UFR to enhance the palette. i. Open Spaces,
ii. Interfaces with Plots and Open Spaces
iii. Plots/ Buildings

4. Prepare sample PDCs

i. From the CBA, select plots, with differing geometries, site context and use
ii. For each selected plot, prepare a sample PDC

5. Consult and process

i. Organize public consultation to seek feedback on the CBALP including UFR
ii. On the basis of feedback, a committee of experts constituted by the Competent Authority may
revise/ amend CBA Layout Plan

6. Process and notify the CBALP and UFR together under the provisions of relevant rules,
regulation/ Acts

7. Create digital dynamic portal for CBALP and integrate it with the relevant Building Sanction
and Ease of Doing Business portal

8. Create review and monitoring framework for periodic updates

Fig. 27: Plot Development as per FBC

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Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 3 | Urban Form Regulations

3.2 Categories of UFR

Cities have three components Components of Urban Form Regulations

that contribute towards building A4: Water Bodies and Waterfronts
its character.
A1: Streets in
less dense areas
These are: Street Hierarchy
Street Design
A2: Streets in Street Design
A: PUBLIC OPEN SPACE dense areas Regulations
• A1: Streets in less dense areas Junctions
• A2: Streets in dense areas
• A3: Green areas including Natural Greens
Plazas and Public Space within
plots Open Space Open Green Areas Man-Made Greens
A3:Green Areas including
• A4: Water bodies and Plazas and Public Spaces Public Space within Properties
Waterfronts
within plots Regulations

Fig. 28: Category of UFR - Public Open Spaces Natural Water Bodies
Water Body/ (With Natural Edge and with Man-Made Edge)
Waterfront Design Man-Made Water Bodies
B: INTERFACE OF PLOTS/ Regulations
(With Natural Edge and with Man-Made Edge)
BUILDINGS WITH OPEN B2: Interface of Plot/
Building with Open
SPACES Spaces within dense
• B1: Within less dense areas areas

• B2: Within dense areas Build-To-Line

Active Frontage
Interface
Pedestrian Colonnade
Regulations
Interface Design Regulations for Heritage Areas
B1: Interface of Plot/ Building
with Open Spaces in less
dense areas
(Facade Proportions and Colour/ Material Palette)

Fig. 29: Category of UFR - Interfaces

Pedestrian Way
Vehicular Way
C: PLOTS/ BUILDINGS Marker Element
Buildable Envelope
Plot/ Building
(Super Structure, Underground Structure and Permitted projection)
Regulations
Additional Plot/ Building Design Regulations for Heritage Areas
(Regulations for Prohibited and Regulated areas)

C: Plots/ Buildings Building Orientation

Green Building Guidelines
Sustainable water, soil and waste management

Fig. 30: Category of UFR - Plots/ Buildings

54 55
 04
Other actions required
to adopt FBC
This chapter identifies the steps to strengthen
institutions and way forward.

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Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 4 | Other Actions Required to Adopt FBC

4.1 Augment Institutional Capacity 4.2 Digital Dynamic CBA portal

Multidisciplinary planning is necessary

HUMAN RESOURCES
CBALPs prepared following SOP I when uploaded on a dynamic online portal and updated regularly,
to achieve a desired urban form. shall reflect real-time conditions. This is fundamental to enabling EoDB and can be plugged into its
portal. The PDCs prepared following the SOP II when uploaded on this portal and linked with the EoDB
Schemes like Smart City Mission, AMRUT have Urban Planner/ Designer Portal, will synchronize CBALP implementation and building sanction.
explored this approach and have involved different
disciplines into urban planning and management
mechanism. Planning and implementation of area-
based proposals like CBALP, LAP, TOD schemes Planning Authority Design Authority
and FBC requires a dedicated team of experts
working in the Development Authority/ Town
Urban Planner Urban Designer
Planning Departments. They may be aided by
AL
Housing Planner Landscape Architect
external agency to conduct surveys and undertake Transport Planner Conservation Architect
R T
PO
specialized studies, support analysis and prepare Environmental Planner Architect
sector-specific schemes/ proposals. Infrastructure Planner Engineer
A
CB
Further, it is recommended to involve universities
L E
for mutual capacity building of professionals and
MP
students. Real Estate Expert
Economist
SA
Sociologist
Green Building Expert

Fig. 32: Screenshot of sample CBA portal

IT Resources IT RESOURCES
An example of such a portal is the platform used by the Urban Redevelopment Authority
Most cities now have a GIS database. This may be
(URA) of Singapore:
used to draft the CBALP and be updated into an
Data Storage
online CBA Portal to reflect real time conditions. https://www.ura.gov.sg/maps/index.html?service=CTRLPLAN
Central Command and
The latter is envisaged as a dynamic portal Control Centre
synchronized with EoDB portal while preparing Certified service provider
the CBALP, UFR, PDCs. API support
Site Optimization service
A dedicated IT task force supported by atleast the Customer Support
identified resources (see Fig.31) is recommended Security Services
to be a part of the in-house team drafting CBALP. IT Professional
GIS Expert

Fig. 31: Proposed Institutional Capacity framework

Fig. 33: Screenshot of URA, Singapore’s portal: Connectivity plan

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Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 4 | Other Actions Required to Adopt FBC

4.3 Property Development Cards (PDC)

PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT CARDS NO. [CITY/PLOT UID/YEAR] Definition

Property Development Card (PDC) is defined as a document containing UFR applicable to concerned
Plot Area ________________ sq.m. plots as derived from the approved CBALP and its UFR.
VP Volumetric Parameters Applicable Regulations/ Measurements (Development
Control Norms/ Local Byelaws) PDCs are to be structured as per the requirements of CBAs and will vary from a city to another. An
VP.1. Applicable F.A.R./ F.S.I. _________ m indicative structure has been shown in SOP II. Sample of a page from the indicative PDC is shown on
page 60.
VP.2. Applicable Ground _________ %
Coverage
VP.3. Use Premise as LP/ Residential/ Commercial/ Public-Semipublic/ Industrial/ Application
CBALP Transportation/ Social Infrastructure (Educational/ Hospitals)
etc
VP.4. Permissible mix of use _________ % Residential All use premises to have 1. After CBALP and its UFR are approved, a set of PDCs unique to typical types of plot development
_________ % Commercial atleast- are to be issued by the Planning Authority.
_________ % Social 20% residential 2. The PDCs will specify components of UFR applicable to plots. Developer will have freedom to
Infrastructure 20% commercial or social generate architectural design of each component while adhering to its functionality. For plots with
infrastructure or both historic buildings or heritage Precincts, norms applicable to generating desirable built form are
VP.5. Mandatory Setbacks Frontage adjoining open spaces- ______ m, to be included in SOP II.
maintained as public space without boundary wall, 3. The planning authority can add, remove or modify the PDC periodically.
Frontage abutting another plot- ______ m, 4. Developers can opt to apply for preparing a new PDC that may be approved through the Building
Sanction (EoDB) portal, after necessary assessment by Planning and Regulatory Authorities.
VP.6. Maximum permissible h= _________m, above natural ground level
height of Superstructure 5. Based on the typical PDC, developers can get unique PDCs approved for their plots.
6. The Building Sanction Authority may consider the unique PDC while issuing construction permits.
VP.7. Maximum permissible d= _________m, below natural ground level
Depth of underground 7. The process mentioned above can be automated via the integrated CBALP and EoDB portal.
structure

UNDERGROUND PORTION Built to Line

N.G.L. (NATURAL GROUND LEVEL) Property Line

PROPERTY LINE
SID Setback
BUILD-TO- LINE E2

E3
SID

E1
h
SID
SID
.L. d
N.G E4

Indicative Volumetric Parameters

Table 10: Sample Property Development Card The concept of Property Development Property Development Card shall follow a
Cards are not new. Chandigarh, Haryana hybrid Form Based Codes approach and
and Gift City have been issuing similar outline Plot specific requirements of built form.
documents in different names. While
Chandigarh and Haryana refer to them as - The objective is to ensure creation of safe,
Standard Control Sheets, Gift City calls it vibrant, people-centric and transit -friendly
Urban Design Guidelines. built environment.

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Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 4 | Other Actions Required to Adopt FBC

4.4 FBC Readiness Checklist

The checklist below can be used by planning and development authorities to assess preparedness
before initiating drafting of CBALP, and UFR to adopt FBC approach.

Steps Stage / Activities Completion

A CBA Demarcation
1. CBA Demarcation 25% ready
2. Preliminary Gazette Notification

Explanation: Cities may have already demarcated its boundaries of special

areas while undertaking Area Based Planning, like TOD, LAP, LDRA, GDA,
SAP, etc. The same boundaries may be reused for drafting CBALP and
adopt FBC approach during the Pilot Phase, and hence move to Step B.
Some overlays of CBALP recommended in this Guidebook may have
already been prepared for such pilot areas.
B Data availability
1. GIS data related to all land parcels, infrastructure and population 50% ready
LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK 2. Data related to all planning proposals, schemes etc.
C Availability of Studies and Assessments
1. Real Estate Market Demand and Supply assessment 75% ready
2. Existing infrastructure, its capacity, future augmentations feasibility
3. Population and Built Up Area Holding Capacity based on infrastructure
capacities
4. Blue Green resource study, possibility of integrating Sponge City
approach
5. Activity and spillover assessment
D CBALP and UFR
1. Approved CBALP 100% ready
2. UFR applicable to respective CBALPs
Table 11: FBC preparedness checklist

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Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 4 | Other Actions Required to Adopt FBC

Other Documents

SOP I SOP II Background Studies Manuals for Station Redevelopment

including Commercial Development

Guidebook Guidebook
Guidebook
for adoption of orfora
ffor dadoption
option of
adoption o
off
Form Based Codes FForm Based
orm B ased Codes
odes
SOP-I SOP-II
Preparation of Preparation of
Character Based Area Layout Plan Urban Form Regulations

These Manuals and Guidebooks were prepared

by IRSDC Ltd. through testing on on-
going projects and adopted in 2021 after
an India-wide consultative process involving
key sector experts. The manuals have been
applied to plan for Indian station
SOP-I provides tools and processes for SOP-II provides tools and processes for This document contains all background redevelopment projects at Nagpur, Bijwasan
creating CBALP. formulating .UFRs applicable to various CBALP. studies and references for Form Based Codes (New Delhi), Chandigarh, Amritsar, etc.
(FBC).

Source:
https://smartnet.niua.org/content/ce38f242-d616-454f-
83f6-6e9c4d7b4443

https://shaktifoundation.in/impact-stories/indian-railways-
adopts-form-based-codes-for-station-redevelopment/

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Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes Chapter 4 | Other Actions Required to Adopt FBC

Testimonials
“The Standard Operating Procedures I and II viz., Preparation of Character Based Area Layout Plan “Very good piece of work done and relevant considering. This is a non-prescriptive and handholding
and Preparation of Urban Form Regulations along with Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes tool to streamline the processes for brownfield transformation and aligns with the new vision for Indian
-Case Studies have assumed much significance especially as Ministry of housing and Urban Affairs cities, being promoted by the Government of India, MoHUA and other allied bodies/ missions like NIUA,
have been advocating area based strategies through Special Assistance to States to implement Urban GATI and JAL Shakti. While individual agency/ Mission focus on isolated mandates, the Guidebook and
Planning Reforms as formulation of Local Area Plans and Town Planning Scheme have been identified SOPs are providing an integrated framework and have enlisted actions to achieve necessary outcomes.
as one of the reforms. Both the SOPs and Guidebook are comprehensible and Town Planners working
in State Town and Country Planning Department, Urban Development Authorities and Urban Local The idea of Property Development Cards and dynamic portal would facilitate implementation of Real
Bodies can use these documents while taking up area based strategies.” estate bonds, green bonds and even carbon markets. With this we can also imagine exploring tools
like these to increase participation/ interest of participants in improving the public and green spaces
R.Srinivas, when you are sequestering carbon. Improving the quality of life for people in the urban spaces if made
Consultant (Urban Planner) M/o Housing and Urban Affairs, Govt. of India. tradeable, benefits real estate development and boosts revenue capture. When quality and feasibility
Former Town and Country Planner, TCPO, MoHUA , is converted into real estate shareable bonds, it becomes easier to incentivize everyone to participate.”
Director (Ahmedabad Smart City Development Limited)
Dr. Sumana Bhattacharya
Senior Advisor, Climate Change at Iora Ecological Solutions
Expert in review, development, management and implementation of programmes and projects in the areas of
Climate Change, GHG inventorisation, Ecosystem Assessment, and Low Carbon Development.
She is a key member for engagements on climate change policy development, finance and governance issues at
“ The effort put in to develop the FBC Guidebook and the SOPs is commendable, the documents are a national and state level.
well written and illustrated with simple graphics. Integration of FBCs in the Planning Process is indicated
clearly, and as understood from the guidebook, its implementation may be done in a phased manner
over a period of time. Using performance oriented and area based approach for FBCs with a dynamic
portal offering flexibility is good and will ensure that the regulations are neither too prescriptive nor rigid.
FBCs lays emphasis on climate responsiveness and addresses resilience while integrating natural and
built resources, which is good. PDCs are in an easy to understand format, which may make it useful for
wide range of users. Additional regulations for heritage and high density areas is much needed and is “It is good to note that the Guidebook and SOPs integrate Green Building parameters as part of area
welcomed.” planning and regulation. The integration of Green Building Guidelines into Property Development Cards
lay the ground for cities to adopt Green Building Passports.”
Dr. Sujata Govada
Founding and Managing Director, UDP International SMH Adil
Adjunct Associate Professor at CUHK Built Environment Simulation Specialist, CEO, GEED
Vice President (International Relations) and Founding Member of Hong Kong Institute of Urban Design (HKIUD) Licensed ECBC Master Trainer,
Vice President of AIA HK Certified Energy Manager, Bureau of Energy Efficiency, M/o Power Govt. of India
Global Trustee of the Urban Land Institute and ExCo member of ULI North Asia

“The proposition in the documents (Form Based Codes) – i.e. to streamline the process of transformation
of brownfield sites can be a useful tool for upgrading areas in and around monuments and historic
cities in general. As the regulations are contextually driven, the layers in historic towns, which impart
its characteristics can be included and responded suitably. Which means, one evolves a format of
development where heritage is synonymous to upgradation/ better quality of development. The Property
Development Card – is of great help to those with property in Prohibited and Regulated Areas. As the
PDCs are applicable even at plot level, it will very clearly articulate options of development at the very
onset. This will prevent the issues arising from ambiguity and tentativeness due to complications in the
norms and even how monuments were notified originally. In fact – this is the essence of EoDB. As a
reviewer, I have understood the immense value of these regulations and guidelines, and I would look
forward to further Consultation and adoption processes.”

Prof. Ajay Khare,

Professor (HAG) and Dean Research & Head CHCR
School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal, India. (M/o Education, Govt. of India)
Former Member, National Monuments Authority, (M/o Culture, Govt. of India),
Former Director, (Founder) SPA Bhopal, (2009-2014)

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Guidebook for adoption of Form Based Codes References

References
1) Sustainable Urban Transport/ Mobility Planning: • National Policy for the .Conservation of the Ancient Monuments,.Archaeological Sites and Remains -
• National Urban Transport Policy (NUTP), 2006 - https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/TransportPo- https://asi.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/national-conservation-policy-final-April-2014.pdf
licy(3).pdf • National Heritage Byelaws - http://www.nma.gov.in/view-heritage
• NUTP, 2014, Institute of Urban Transport (India) - https://www.changing-transport.org/wp-content/up- • CPWD Handbook of Conservation of Heritage Buildings - https://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/Conservation-
loads/E_K_NUMP_India_2014_EN.pdf & http://www.iutindia.org/ Hertbuildings.pdf
• National TOD Policy, 2017 - https://mohua.gov.in/upload/whatsnew/59a4070e85256Transit_Oriented_De- • DCPR, Pune, 2017 - https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/DCR_PUNE_FINAL.pdf
velopoment_Policy.pdf • Development Regulation provisions for Heritage Conservation, Chennai - http://www.cmdachennai.gov.
• Delhi TOD Policy, 2021 - http://uttipec.nic.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Notified%20TOD%20Policy%2030%20 in/pdfs/seminar_heritage_buildings/Development_Regulation_provisions_for_Heritage_Conservation_in_
July%202021.pdf CMA.pdf
• Haryana TOD Policy, 2016 - https://tcpharyana.gov.in/ncrpb/TOD%20Policy-9.2.2016.pdf
• UP TOD Policy for RRTS Stations - https://shaktifoundation.in/initiatives/value-capture-finance-vcf-for-sus- 5) Climate and Disaster Mitigation/ Adaptation/ Resilience/ Energy Efficiency:
tainable-transport-infrastructure/ • Climate Risk Management - https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/pubs/GIZ_NIDM_Climate%20RiskManagementFrame-
• Toolkit for Land Use Transport Integration and Density of Urban Growth, 2013 - https://smartnet.niua. work.pdfhttps://www.changing-transport.org/wp-content/uploads/E_K_NUMP_India_2014_EN.pdf
org/sites/default/files/resources/file_1215201402295859.pdf • National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) - https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-08/
• Sizing up Parking Space (ITDP Street Guidelines), Pune, 2016 - https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/ NPDM-101209%5B1%5D.pdf
project-glimpses/PMC-public-parking-policy-English-revised-March2016-Final.pdf • National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2019 - https://ndma.gov.in/sites/default/files/PDF/ndmp-
• Electric Vehicle Policy, Delhi, 2022 - https://ev.delhi.gov.in/files/Accelerating-Electric-Mobility-in-Del- 2019.pdf
hi8497bf.pdf • National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) - https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/
documents/2021/dec/doc202112101.pdf
2) Sustainable Solid Waste Management/ Stormwater Management/ Solar Power/ Water bodies: • Draft National Energy Policy, 2017 - https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2022-12/NEP-ID_27.06.2017.
• National Action Plan for Municipal Solid Waste Management - https://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/MSW/Action_ pdf.pdf
plan.pdf • Scoping study for Policy Initiatives to minimize Urban Heat Island Effect for Low Carbon Urban Growth
• Indicative Guidelines for Restoration of Water Bodies, CPCB - https://cpcb.nic.in/wqm/Ind-Guide- - https://shaktifoundation.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Scoping-Study-for-Policy-Initiatives-to-Minimize-Ur-
lines-RestWaterBodies.pdf ban-Heat-Island-effect1.pdf
• SOP for Restoration of Existing Water Bodies, Delhi - https://cityoflakesdelhi.com/wp-content/up- • Management of Urban Flooding, 2010 - https://nidm.gov.in/PDF/pubs/NDMA/12.pdf
loads/2022/10/ SOP-for-Restoring-Managing-Existing-Water-Bodies_FINAL.pdf • Urban Flooding, Standard Operating Procedures - http://amrut.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/SOP_Ur-
• Manual on Stormwater Drainage Systems, CPHEEO (Vol. I & II) - http://cpheeo.gov.in/cms/manu- banflooding_5May2017.pdf
al-on-storm-water-drainage-systems---2019.php • AMRUT 2.0, Operational Guidelines, 2021 - https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/AMRUT-Opera-
• Stormwater Master Plan, Pune - https://www.pmc.gov.in/sites/default/files/project-glimpses/Storm_Water. tional-Guidelines.pdf
pdf
• Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy - https://mnre.gov.in/solar/current-status/ 6) Miscellaneous:
• Solar Power Policy, Telangana - https://www.tssouthernpower.com/telanganastatesolarpowerpolicy • Indicators for Child-Friendly Local Development (I-CHILD), 2016 - https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/
• Solar Energy Policy, Tamil Nadu - https://teda.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/SOLARPOLICY2019.pdf files/resources/indicatorsl.pdf
• Toolkit for Enabling Gender Responsive Urban Mobility and Public Spaces, (Vol I.) World Bank - https://
3) Green Building/ Development/ Infrastructure: documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099651410192229435/pdf/IDU01ef8184c02ec004af50ae850e22d-
• Government Incentives to IGBC-rated Green Building Projects - https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.Green 67ee8c62.pdf
• Growth and Sustainable Development in India - https://www.teriin.org/projects/green/pdf/National_SPM.pdf • Projects on Inclusive Cities - https://niua.in/inclusive-cities-centre
• Green Highways, Ministry of Road transport and Highways - https://morth.nic.in/sites/default/files/Green_ • Affordable Housing in Partnership - https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/7AHP-Guidelines.pdf
Highways_Policy.pdf • Discourses on Affordable Housing in India and Best Practices under PMAY-U - https://pmay-urban.gov.
• Green Hydrogen Policy, Ministry of Power - https://powermin.gov.in/sites/default/files/Green_Hydrogen_ in/storage/materials/Discourses-of-Affordable-Housing-in-India.pdf
Policy.pdf • National Urban Rental Housing Policy - https://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/National_Urban_
• Green Building Policy, Maharashtra - https://maharashtra.mygov.in/en/task/maharashtra-green-build- Rental_Housing_Policy_Draft_2015.pdf
ing-policy/ • Affordable Housing Policy, Haryana, 2013 - https://tcpharyana.gov.in/Notifications_Judgements/Notifica-
• Cool Roof Policy, Telangana, 2023 - https://www.telangana.gov.in/PDFDocuments/Telangana-Cool-Roof-Pol- tion_AFFORDABLE_HOUSING_POLICY_2013_Finalised%2018.08.2013.pdf
icy-2023-2028.pdf • Reforms in Urban Planning Capacity in India - https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2021-09/Urban-
PlanningCapacity-in-India-16092021.pdf
4) Conservation/ Restoration/ Preservation of Heritage Properties and Precincts: • National Urban Policy Framework, 2018 - https://smartnet.niua.org/sites/default/files/resources/nupf_final.
• Improving Heritage Management in India - https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2020-06/Improving-Her- pdf
itageManagement-in-India.pdf

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Notes:

70
National Institute of Urban Affairs
1st Floor, Core 4B, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110003, INDIA
Phone: (+91 11) 24634971, 24643576
• Email: niua@niua.org • Website: www.niua.in