FEB 19 - QUIZ SHOW What is a good estimate?

FEB 24 - ONLINE EXAM, QUIZ 1 * there should be allowances

For a good estimate, the actual cost of the proposed work after
INTRODUCTION TO ESTIMATE
completion should not differ by more than 5 to 10% from its
I. Estimate
approximate cost estimate.
● Estimating is the technique of calculating or computing the
(e.g. Budget = 3M, Actual Cost = 3.2M ✔)
various quantities and the expected expenditure to be
Factors to be Considered
incurred on a particular work or project.
1. Quantity and transportation of materials
● In case the funds available are less than the estimated cost,
2. Location of site
the work is done in part or by reducing it or specifications 3. Local labor charges
are altered.
Unit of Measurement
But why do we have to estimate? The units of measurements are mainly categorized for their nature,
1. Estimate gives an idea of the cost of the work and hence its shape, and size, and for making payments to the contractor. right
feasibility can be determined i.e. whether the project could ● Linear Meters/Meters (length of steel)
be taken up with in the funds available or not. ● Cubic Meters (volume of sands and gravels)
Project < Budget ● Square Meters (tiles and bricks)
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion ● Kilograms (weight of steel)
of the work. ● Pieces (chb)
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and quotations ● Sets (electrical and mechanical equipment)
and to arrange contract. ● Lump Sum
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during While preparing an estimate, it is not possible to work out in
the execution of work. detail in case of petty items. Items other than civil
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the engineering such irents are called lump sum items.
funds avaiable or not. ○ Water supply and sanitary arrangements
Project > Budget ○ Electrical installations like meter, motor, etc.
○ Architectural features
 ○ Contingencies and unforeseen items 1. Drawings (plans, elev, sections, etc.)
2. Specifications (detailds)
Rules for Measurement
3. Rates
1. Measurement shall be made for finished item of work and
description of each item shall include materials, Drawings
transport/hauling, labor, tools, equipment, and all types of The drawings show the dimensions needed to estimate the
overheads for finishing the work in required shape, size, and structure. If the drawings are not clear and without complete
specification. dimensions the preparation of estimation become very difficult.
2. In booking, the order shall be in sequence of length, width, So, it is very essential before preparing an estimate.
and height or thickness.
Specifications
3. All works shall be measured subject to the following
1. General Specifications - This gives the nature, quality, class
tolerances (if provided)
and work, and materials in generals term to be used in
a. Linear measurement shall be measured to the
various parts of work.
nearest 0.01 m.
2. Detailed Specifications - These gives the detailed
b. Areas shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 sq.m.
description of the various items of work laying down the
c. Cubic contents shall be worked-out to the nearest
quantities and qualities of materials, their proportions, the
0.01 cu.m.
methods of preparation workmanship and execution of
4. Same type of work under different conditions and nature
work.
shall be measured separately under separate items.
Rates
5. In case of masonry (stone or brick) or structural concrete,
For preparing the estimate, the unit rates of each item of work are
the categories shall be measured separately and the
required.
heights shall be described
1. For arriving at the unit rates of each item
a. From foundation to plinth level
2. The rates of various materials to be used in the construction
b. From plinth level to first floor level
3. The cost of transport materials
c. From first floor to second floor level and so on
4. The wages of labor, skilled or unskilled, laborers, and others.
II. Requirements of Estimating and Costing
What do you need? Notes for Project
● The plan is to be provided by ma’am.
● Details are to follow.