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LAS Research 2 Grade 8 MELC 1 Q2 Week1

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Research 2 Activity Sheet
Quarter 2 – MELC 1
Week 1
Review of Related Literature (RRL):
Purpose and Importance

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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Research II Activity Sheet No. 1

Review of Related Literature (RRL)
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the
exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western
Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Activity Sheet

Writer: Rosebem M. Gargarita
Editor / Reviewer: Imelda R. Mamac, EPS-Science
Layout Artist: Jessie P. Batosin
Division of San Carlos City Management Team:

Anthony H. Liobet, CESO VI

Julito L. Felicano
Antonio G. Uy
Jessie P. Batosin
Rosadille B. Vierneza
Michael S. Dalipe
Regional Management Team
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma,
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana,
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga,
Donald T. Genine,
Rovel R. Salcedo, DSEd,
Moonyeen C. Rivera, EdD,
Anita S. Gubalane, EdD,
Minda L. Soldevilla,
Daisy L. Lopez,
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message

Welcome to Research II!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of San Carlos City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents, and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist
the learners in acquiring lifelong learning skills, knowledge, and attitudes for
productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Research II Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-learning
activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) with
minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and the learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease independent
learning.

For the learner:

The Research II Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue
learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you
with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an
active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform
the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your
facilitator on the agreed schedule.

ii

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Name of Learner: _____________________________________________________

Grade and Section: ___________________________Date: ___________________

Research II ACTIVITY SHEET No. 1

Review of Related Literature (RRL): Purpose and Importance

I. Learning Competency with Code

Establish the purpose and importance of writing a good review of related
literature that conforms with scientific and acceptable guidelines.
(SSP_RS8_RRLII-g-h-10)

II. Background Information for Learners

In doing the research paper, selecting and citing a literature review is an initial step
that the researcher must take upon. A literature review is a collated information taken
from books, scholarly articles, journals, reports, or working papers. Literature reviews
outline the sources gathered while researching a particular topic and to establish to
the readers how the research correlates with the study.

Writing a literature review aimed at the purpose of, (1) providing an overview of
pre-existing information about a topic and assess the strength of the evidence on that
topic; (2) correlating the relationship of each work to the work of others in the same
context; (3) revealing any gaps in the existing literature reviews; (4) resolving conflicts
on previous studies which seems to be in contradiction; (5) ensuring the duplication of
effort may be prevented; and (5) pointing ways if there is a need for additional
research.

There are two main sources for the literature review – the library and the online
computer searches (i.e. database access to literature and studies/journal
publications). In choosing the sources to be used in writing the literature depends on
the chosen topic or subject. The researcher may opt to choose either or both of these
sources depending on the information needed to support the evidence claims in the
research.

A literature review consists of various parts which include the introduction, body,
conclusion, and references. The introduction intends to explain the focus and
establish the importance of the subject. The body summarizes and evaluates the
current state of knowledge in the field and presents arguments presented by the
researchers. The conclusion provides a summary of the evidence presented and its
implication and explains the current state in the field as shown in the review. The
references present a list of sources cited in the study.

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In writing a good literature review follow the steps below:

1. Choose a research topic and define the research question.

The literature review should be guided by a focal research question. It is not merely
a collection of studies in a certain field, instead represents a background and research
developments related to a specific research question. This must be interpreted and
analyzed in a synthesized manner.
2. Decide on the scope of the review.
- Do I need to look at several studies?
- Do I need to look at comprehensive studies? For how long the literature was
conducted?
Hence, the literature review depends on the study.
3. Choose the databases that will be utilized to conduct the searches.
Prepare a list of the databases you need to search for. Try to include
comprehensive databases.
4. Conduct your searches and find the literature. Keep track of your searches.
• Review the abstracts of research studies carefully. This will save you time.
• Note down the literature reviews that you have searched to prevent duplication of
work.
• Locate other works that correlate to your research study using bibliographies and
references.
• If you missed to note keywords in the chosen field, ask the assistance of your
research adviser.
5. Review the literature.
Some questions to help you analyze the research:
• Do the research questions of the study you are reviewing correlates to the study
you are conducting? What do you think are the authors trying to discover?
• Do you think the research funding might have influenced the findings?
• What were the research methodologies in the study? Check the literature review,
the samples and variables used in the study, and the conclusion. Do you think
it is complete and was conducted properly? Do you think there is a gap?
• Do you think the study has contradicting ideas? Why do you think so?
• What are the reputations of the authors? Has the study been cited already?
How was it analyzed?

Ethical Standards in Literature-Review Writing

The modernization in the field of technology has caused the emergence of
varied electronic communication devices and online sources of information enabling
people nowadays to collect data easily and speedily. Through computer technology
with its powerful internet, you become exposed to the vast amount of knowledge that
tempts you into practicing the copy-and-paste technique of obtaining ideas for your

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research paper. Incognizant of reputable ways of making your working academically,

there is a danger that you may fall into this dishonest way of reviewing and writing the
related literature.

The ethical way of writing your literature prompts you to cite the authors of the
retrieved borrowed ideas and put quotation marks around copied words from books or
articles. Either in a deliberate or broken-down way, the use of quotation marks around
words that are precisely copied may not only be unethical but can also be an indication
of gross plagiarism. With the availability of software to check for plagiarism from online
sources in academic institutions, students must be mindful of using citations in their
studies. Citing your sources and references properly prevents you from plagiarizing
and eliminates people's doubts about your honesty and reputation (Fraenbel 2012;
Ransome 2011).

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1: Am I a Literature Review?
Objective: Describe what a review of related literature is and its use.

Instruction: Read and analyze the questions in each number. Give the needed
information and write them on your answer sheet.

1. Which of the following can be regarded as a piece of literature? Write all the correct
answers.

Monographs Journal articles

Empirical studies Theses/dissertations
Statistical handbooks Conference proceedings
Electronic databases/websites
Government reports and reports from other organizations

2. A literature review: what is and what’s not? Select from the options inside the
boxes and write the letter of the correct answer in each column. Use a separate
sheet of paper.

A literature review may be A literature review may not be:

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A. Simply a collection of texts that you E. A synthesis of a range of sources.

think are interesting or every text that
you have read. F. A list in which you discuss each text in
turn.
B. A place to present an argument, a clear
articulation of your own position in
relation to relevant literature. G. A compilation of all material related to
your research field, regardless of its
relevance to your project.
C. A place to make explicit connections
between previous research and your H. A critical evaluation of sources related
own. to your research topic.

D. A descriptive summary of each and

every text.

3. Is the statement True or False? Justify your answer

A literature review just provides a background to your work by summarizing the
previously published work.
Analysis
Answer the questions below comprehensively.

1) What are the possible sources in writing a literature review?

2) Based on your answer in Activity 1- Question No. 2, how are you going to
describe a literature review?

3) What is the role of a literature review in writing your research project?

Activity 2: What Makes a Good Literature?

Objective: Discover the importance of good literature.

Working with your literature review is like combining together a jigsaw puzzle—you are
trying to fit scattered pieces and see how they fit together which can be challenging.

Usually, a literature review is composed of paragraphs. Each paragraph should consist

of a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. A topic sentence may
usually appear at the beginning of the paragraph and generally expresses the paragraph’s
overall subject. Thus, the skill in identifying the topic sentence in a paragraph would be a great
help for you to gather relevant review of related literature.

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Your task is to put these citations together like a puzzle. You are going to re-assemble
the sentences back into working literature, creating a topic sentence to the paragraph. There
is no single right way to organize these sentences— so you can do it in a variety of ways,
although it is often around similar themes. A sample is done for you. Use a separate paper to
answer this activity.

Sample Exercise

Topic Sentence for Paragraph X

Using public transportation is another way that Filipinos can reduce their carbon
footprints.

Lastly, more Filipinos can adopt alternative energy sources.

The first change that they can make is to reduce, reuse, and recycle as often as
possible.

Mostly agree that human activity has the potential to reverse global warming.

By adopting all three of these changes, Filipinos can help ensure a brighter future for
generations to come.

There are several changes that an average Filipino can make lower their carbon
footprints.

Most environmental scientists believe that human activity directly contributes to global
warming.

Possible Answer

Topic Sentence for Paragraph X

There are several changes that an average Filipino can make to lower their carbon
footprints.

Most of the environmental scientists believe that human activity directly contributes to
global warming. Mostly also agree that human activity would likely reverse global
warming. There are several changes that an average Filipino can make to lower their
carbon footprints. The first change that they can make is to reduce, reuse, and recycle as
often as possible. Using public transportation is another way that Filipinos can reduce their
carbon footprint. Lastly, more Filipinos can adopt alternative energy sources. By adopting

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all three of these changes, Filipinos can help ensure a brighter future for generations to
come.

Topic Sentence for Paragraph A

Creation of ethyl alcohol starts with photosynthesis causing a feedstock, such as sugar
cane or corn, to grow.

About five percent (5%) of the ethyl alcohol produced in the world in 2003 was a
petroleum product.

Petroleum derived ethanol (synthetic ethanol) is chemically identical to bioethanol and

can be differentiated only by radiocarbon dating (Klein, Lansing, & Harley, 2004).

These feedstocks are processed into ethanol.

It can also be found via ethylene or acetylene, from calcium carbide, coal, oil gas, and
other sources.

It is produced by the catalytic hydration of ethylene with sulfuric acid as the catalyst.

The principal suppliers are plants in the United States, Europe, and South Africa.

Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is a renewable energy source because the energy is generated
by using sunlight, which is naturally replenished.

There are two-million tons of ethanol which are obtained from petroleum and are
produced annually.

Scoring Rubric
Criteria 4 3 2 1
Identified the Identified the first Identified the Identified the next
correct topic supporting second supporting supporting
Topic sentence sentence instead sentence instead of sentences instead
Sentence of the topic the topic sentence of the topic
sentence sentence
The paragraph The paragraph The paragraph has The paragraph has
Supporting has 8-9 has 6-7 4-5 sentences that 2-3 sentences that
Sentences sentences that sentences that are chronologically are chronologically
are are arranged. arranged.
chronologically chronologically
arranged. arranged.
There are 8-9 There are 6-7 There are 4-5 There are 2-3
Cohesion/ sentences in the sentences in the sentences in the sentences in the
Unity paragraph that paragraph that paragraph that has paragraph that has
has a unifying has a unifying a unifying idea. a unifying idea.
idea. idea.

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Analysis
After answering Activity 2, answer the guide questions that would link your
understanding of how important a literature review in writing a research paper.

Guide questions
1. Based on the activity, how did you manage to arrange the scrambled
sentences to have a coherent/unified idea?
2. What is a topic sentence? How does a topic sentence would help you in
making coherent paragraphs?
3. Did you understand better the ideas in each paragraph after rearranging it?
Explain your answer.
4. What do you think makes a good literature? Try to cite some of the factors
that make a reference material a good one?
5. Why do we need to write a good literature review when writing a research
paper/project?

IV. Reflection
Complete the statements below.

I understand
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

I don’t understand
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

I need more information about

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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Activity 1: Am I a Literature Review
1) Monographs Journal articles
Empirical studies Theses/dissertations
Statistical handbooks Conference proceedings
Electronic databases/websites
Government reports and reports from other organizations
2) Literature is…
A literature review is not…
A literature review may be: A literature review may not be:
B D
C F
E G
H A
3) False. Justification may vary
Analysis
1) There are two main sources for the literature review – the library and the online computer
searches: database access to literature and studies/journal publications. Related literature may
be sourced through articles published in scholarly journals, laws and constitution, books, and other
general reference materials. It may also include grey literature such as working papers,
conference proceedings, and reports from seminars, manuscripts, monographs and memoirs,
official reports from the government, as well as records of schools. (Possible answer)
2) A literature review may be:
– express an argument and viewpoint in relation to the relevant literature.
– correlate between previous research and your own.
– summary of a range of sources.
– evaluation of sources related to your research topic.
3) A literature review provides an overview of what is known about the topic and to assess the
strength of the evidence of that topic. (Possible answer) (Answer may also vary
V. Answer Key
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Activity 2: What Makes a Good Literature?
Topic Sentence for Paragraph A
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is a renewable energy source because the energy is generated
by using a resource, sunlight, which is naturally replenished.
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is a renewable energy source because the energy is
generated by using a resource, sunlight, which is naturally replenished. The creation
of ethyl alcohol starts with photosynthesis causing a feedstock, such as sugar cane
or corn, to grow. These feedstocks are processed into ethanol. About five percent
(5%) of the ethyl alcohol produced in the world in 2003 was a petroleum product. It is
produced by the catalytic hydration of ethylene with sulfuric acid as the catalyst. It
can also be found via ethylene or acetylene, from calcium carbide, coal, oil gas, and
other sources. There are two-million tons of ethanol which are obtained from
petroleum and are produced annually. The principal suppliers are plants in the
United States, Europe, and South Africa. Petroleum derived ethanol (synthetic
ethanol) is chemically identical to bioethanol and can be differentiated only by
radiocarbon dating (Klein, Lansing, & Harley, 2004).
Possible Answers in the Analysis
1. The puzzled sentences were arranged according to their relevance to the topic
sentence.
2. A topic sentence is the main point or controlling idea of a paragraph. Identifying
the topic sentence will set a clear idea of what will the paragraph be. Thus, it
enables the writer to control his/her writing.
3. Yes, because the sentences are relevant to one another and are easy to
comprehend through its topic sentence. There are things to remember to make
a good literature review like the relevance of the literature to your study and
organize this into units that present themes or identify trends, and relevant
concepts, just as you write a paragraph.
4. Good literature lays down the organization of literature into subtopics to surface
the need for the study and the arguments of the study.
5. We need to write a good literature review to prevent the wasteful repetition of
work and suggest or recommend possible topics, problems, and approaches for
future researchers.
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VI. Links and Other References

Introduction to Literature Reviews. Monash University. Retrieved from

https://www.monash.edu/rlo/graduate-research-writing/write-the-thesis/introduction-
literature-reviews on October 31, 2020

Literature Review: Conducting & Writing. June 24, 2020. UWF Libraries. Retrieved
from https://libguides.uwf.edu/litreview on October 31, 2020

Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper. September 29, 2020. USC
Libraries. Retrieved from https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/literaturereview on
October 31, 2020
Research 8_Quarter 1_Planning and Designing a Research Study: Learning Toolkit
No. 5 (The ASTRAL Project). Division of Negros Occidental (2020). pp.6
Topic Sentences. Purdue Online Writing Lab: College of Liberal Arts. Purdue
University. Retrieved from https://www.owl.purdue.edu/engagement/ged_preparation
on October 31, 2020
Write a Literature Review. October 16, 2020. McLaughlin Library. Retrieved from
https://guides.lib.uoguelph.ca/LiteratureReview on October 31, 2020

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