EVSMODEL QUESTIONS

MODULE 1: ECOSYSTEMS (STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION),

1. The term ‘Environment’ has been derived from the French word which means to encircle or surround
a) Environ b) Oikos c) geo d) Aqua

2. The objective of environmental education is

a) Raise consciousness about environmental conditions b) To teach environmentally appropriate behavior
c) Create an environmental ethic d) All of the above

3. Biosphere is
a) The solid shell of inorganic materials on the surface of the earth
b) The thin shell of organic matter on the surface of earth comprising of all the living things
c) The sphere which occupies the maximum volume of all of the spheres
d) all of the above.

4. Atmosphere consists of 79 per cent Nitrogen and 21 per cent Oxygen by

a) Volume b) weight c) Density d) All the three

5. Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?

a) Fungi b) solar light c) temperature d) humidity

6. The organisms who directly feed on producers are called

a) Herbivores b) Carnivores c) Decomposers d) Saprophytes

7. The sequence of eating and being eaten in an ecosystem is called

a) Food Chain b) carbon cycle c) hydrological cycle d) anthropic system

8. Which of the following is a producer in an ecosystem

a) Plants and some bacteria capable of producing their own food
b) Animals c) Human beings d) Fish

9. Which of the following statements is false?

a) Inorganic nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem
b) Energy ‘flows’ through the ecosystem in the form of carbon-carbon bonds
c) Energy is recycled in an ecosystem
d) Respiration process releases energy

10. In an ecosystem, the flow of energy is

a) Bidirectional b) Cyclic c) Unidirectional d) Multidirectional

11. Which Pyramid is always upright

a) energy b) biomass c) numbers d) food chain

12. In complex ecosystems the degree of species diversity is

 a) poor b) high c) medium d)none

13. In aquatic ecosystem phytoplankton can be considered as a

a) Consumer b) producer c) Saprotrophic organisms d) Macro consumer

14. The basic requirements of human beings are provided by

a) Industrialization b) Agriculture c) Nature d) Urbanization

15. The word ecology is coined by

a) Helena Curtis b) Ernst Haeckel c. Charles Alton d. Charels South Wick

16. Loss of water content through the plants into the atmosphere is called
a) Evaporation b. Transpiration c. Hydraulic cycle d. Vaporization.

17. The Coral reefs in India are mainly restricted to the

a) Andaman and the Nicobar Islands b) Goa c) Himalayan region d) Uttar Pradesh

18. Effect of modern Agriculture on soil is due to

a) Erosion b) Acidification c) Salinization d) All of the above

19. What percentage of its geographical area of a country should be under forest cover?
a) 23% b) 43% c) 13% d) 33%.

20. About % of the earth surface is covered by water

a) 53% b) 19% c) 71% d) 90%.

21. Forest prevent soil erosion by binding soil particles in their

a) Stems b) Roots c) Leaves d) buds

22. Lithosphere means

Air b. Water c. Microorganisms d. Soil & rocks

23. In which year salient valley was declared as National park

a) 1984 b) 1987 c) 1983 d) 1989.

24. Nitrogen fixing Bacteria exists in - of plants

a) Leaf b) Roots c) Stem d) Flower

25. ------- are referred to as Earth's lungs

a) Forests b) Carbon cycle c) Water sources d) Mines.

26. Which atmospheric layer is closest to the earth surface

a) Mesosphere b) Troposphere c) Stratosphere d) Thermosphere.

27. A food web consists of

 a) Portion of food chain c) Inter locking of food chains
b) Producers, Consumers and Decomposers d) A set of similar consumers.

28. Identity the non-renewable source of energy from the following:

a) Coal b) Tidal power c) Wind power d) Wave power.

29. The hot spots of biodiversity are characterized by

a) Low endemicity and low threat of extinction b) Low endemicity and high threat of extinction
c) High endemicity and low threat of extinction d) High intensity and threat of extinction

30. The forest is

a. Biotic b. Abiotic c. Both a & b d. None of the above

31. Environment means

a. Beautiful landscape c. Air and Water
b. Industrial production d. Sum total of all conditions.

32. Sundarbans is the name of a place in

a. Assam b. West Bengal c. Karnataka d. None of the above

33. Western ghats are located in

a) North East India b) Maharashtra c) Peninsular India d) Gujarat.

34. The word Environment is derived from

a) Greek b) French c) English d) Spanish

35. Abiotic component includes

a) Soil Temperature Water All the three

36. Which of the following conceptual sphere of environment is having the least storage capacity for matter.
a) Atmosphere b) Lithosphere c) Hydrosphere d) Biosphere

37. The objective of environment education is

a) Raise consciousness about environmental conditions
b) To teach environmentally appropriate behavior
c) Create an environmental ethic.
d) All of the above

38. The largest reservoir of Nitrogen in our planet

a) Ocean b) Atmosphere c) Biosphere d) Hydrosphere

39. In an ecosystem biological cycling of materials is maintained by

a) Producer b) Consumer c) Decomposer d) All of these

40. A predator is
 a) An animal that is fed upon b) An animal that feeds producers
c) An animal that hunts and feeds on their animals d) A primary consumer

41. The major atmospheric gas layer in stratosphere is

a) Hydrogen b) Carbon dioxide c) Ozone d) Helium

42. World environmental day is

a) 5th May b) 5th June c) 22nd July d) 5th July

43. Which of the following is absorbed by green plants from the atmosphere
a) Carbon dioxide b) Water c) Nutrients d) All of the above

44. Habitat refer to

a) Physical conditions of the place where organism live
b) Chemical conditions of the place where organism live.
c) Both a and b d) None of a and b

45. What is the main cause of biodiversity loss worldwide?

a. Climate change b. Pollution c. Habitat destruction d. Overpopulation

46. Which term refers to the variety of life forms in a specific habitat or ecosystem?
a. Genetic diversity b. Species diversity c. Ecological diversity d. Community diversity

47. Deforestation means

a. Maintenance of forest for recreation
b. Creating land for habitat of wild life
c. Conversion of forest land to agricultural land, homes etc
d. Planting trees.

48. Estuary means

a. Rich in nutrients b.End point of the river c.Meeting place of river and sea d.Treatment of water.

49. In an ecosystem the flow of energy is

a) Bidirectional b) Cyclic c) Unidirectional d) Multidirectional

50. Which Indian state is home to the famous Jim Corbett National Park?
a. Rajasthan b. Uttarakhand c. Madhya Pradesh d. Kerala

51. Select the correct statement about biodiversity.

a) The desert animals of Rajasthan and Gujrat have a very high of animal species as well as rare animals.
b) Large scale planting of biodiversity cotton has no adverse effect on biodiversity
c) Western Ghats have a very high degree of species richness and endemism
d) Conservation biodiversity is just a fad pursued by developing countries

52. Which of the following is not the meaning of ecosystem?

 a) Unit where in all organisms live a healthy life b) A small unit that can be self sufficient
c) Co-existence of diverse things by mutual adjustment
d) A unit which includes all the organisms in a given area interacting with physical environment to from a
natural unit of stability

53. The factors responsible for stable ecosystem are balance between
a) Predators and prey b) Vegetation, herbivores and carnivores
c) Competing species and biotic factors d) All of these

54. Which of it is not an example of ecosystem?

a) Forest b) Desert c) Water d) Grassland

55. Which of the following is NOT one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
A) No Poverty
B) Gender Equality
C) Affordable and Clean Energy
D) Space Exploration

56. What is the target year for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
A) 2025
B) 2030
C) 2050
D) 2022

57. Which SDG aims to "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages"?
A) SDG 2: Zero Hunger
B) SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
C) SDG 4: Quality Education
D) SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

58. The SDG that focuses on "Clean Water and Sanitation" is:
A) SDG 5
B) SDG 6
C) SDG 9
D) SDG 10

59. Which SDG directly focuses on "Climate Action"?

A) SDG 12
B) SDG 13
C) SDG 14
D) SDG 15

60. What is the main focus of SDG 4?

A) Reducing inequality
B) Promoting inclusive and quality education
C) Ending hunger
D) Providing clean energy

61. How many total targets are there in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
a. 163 b. 169 c. 155 d.210

61. The SDG related to "Life Below Water" is:

A) SDG 13
B) SDG 14
C) SDG 15
D) SDG 16

62. Which SDG aims to "Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment, and decent work for all"?
A) SDG 8
B) SDG 7
C) SDG 11
D) SDG 5

63. SDG 5 aims to:

A) Ensure access to affordable and clean energy
B) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
C) Combat climate change
D) End poverty in all its forms

64. Which of the following is a key theme of the SDGs?

A) Ending extreme poverty
B) Protecting the environment
C) Ensuring peace and prosperity for all
D) All of the above

65. What is the defining characteristic of a desert ecosystem?

A) High precipitation levels
B) Low biodiversity
C) Low annual rainfall (less than 250 mm)
D) Abundant vegetation

66. Which of the following adaptations is commonly found in desert plants?

A) Large leaves to capture sunlight
B) Deep root systems to access groundwater
C) Bright flowers to attract pollinators
D) Thin bark to reduce water loss

67. What type of soil is typically found in desert ecosystems?

A) Clay soil
B) Sandy soil
C) Loamy soil
D) Peaty soil

68. Which of the following animals is well adapted to survive in desert environments?
A) Polar bear
B) Kangaroo rat
C) Penguin
D) Deer

69. What is the main source of moisture for desert ecosystems?

A) Rivers
B) Groundwater
C) Rainfall
D) Lakes

70. Which desert is known as the largest hot desert in the world?
A) Kalahari Desert
B) Atacama Desert
C) Sahara Desert
D) Sonoran Desert

71. Which of the following defines a wetland?

A) An area that is permanently dry
B) A land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally
C) A high-altitude ecosystem with little vegetation
D) An area with high levels of pollution

72. Which of the following organisms is a top predator in many lake ecosystems?
A) Zooplankton
B) Phytoplankton
C) Bass
D) Algae

73. The term "littoral zone" refers to:

A) The deep water zone
B) The area where sunlight penetrates to the bottom
C) The shoreline area where light supports aquatic life
D) The area with the highest oxygen levels

74. In lake ecosystems, which of the following is considered a primary consumer?

A) Phytoplankton
B) Zooplankton
C) Fish
D) Bacteria
75. Which zone of a lake is characterized by shallow waters where light penetrates, allowing
photosynthesis?
a. Profundal b. Littoral c. Limnetic d. Benthic

76. What is the term for the area of the ocean where sunlight penetrates and supports photosynthesis?
A) Abyssal zone
B) Neritic zone
C) Euphotic zone
D) Benthic zone

77. What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 71%
D) 80%

78. Which of the following is the largest ocean on Earth?

A) Atlantic Ocean
B) Indian Ocean
C) Arctic Ocean
D) Pacific Ocean

79. What is the primary function of coral reefs in ocean ecosystems?

A) Provide shelter for fish
B) Serve as a source of food
C) Protect coastlines from erosion
D) All of the above