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SAUDI ARABIA
TAPESTRY OF HISTORY AND CULTURE
Journey Like
No Other
HISTORY
The history of Saudi Arabia as a nation began in 1727 with the emergence of the Al Saud
dynasty and the establishment of the Emirate of Diriyah. The region, significant as the
birthplace of Islam, saw the Prophet Muhammad unite the Arabian tribes in the 7th century,
leading to the rapid expansion of Muslim territories following his death in 632.
Saudi Arabia comprises four historical regions: Hejaz, Najd, Al-Ahsa, and 'Asir. In 1932,
Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, known as Ibn Saud, unified these areas through a series of
conquests, beginning with the capture of Riyadh in 1902. This marked the establishment of the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, often referred to as "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques," home to
Mecca and Medina, Islam's holiest sites.
The discovery of oil in 1938 transformed the nation’s economy, positioning Saudi Arabia as the
world's largest oil exporter and second-largest producer, with vast reserves that continue to
shape its influence on the global stage.
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Al Masjid Al Haram or The Grand Mosque
of KSA
It is the holiest site in Islam, located in

Mecca. It surrounds the Kaaba, the
direction of Muslim prayers. Millions of
pilgrims visit each year for Hajj and
Umrah, making it a major center of
worship and community. Its vast size and
beautiful architecture draw visitors from
around the world, symbolizing the unity of
Muslims.
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"Hegra, located in Al-Ula, is Saudi Arabia’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site.
This ancient Nabatean city features remarkable rock-cut tombs and ruins,
offering insights into a civilization that flourished over 2,000 years ago. The
area's stunning desert landscapes and historical significance make it a unique
attraction for tourists and history lovers alike."
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KABSA Kabsa, a signature Saudi dish and one of
the country’s most beloved traditional
dishes. This aromatic rice and roast chicken
dish served on large communal platters. The
rice for this dish is cooked in the same
water that is used to cook the chicken and is
flavored with a blend of spices such as
ground coriander, ground cumin, black
pepper powder, red chili powder, ground
cloves, and ground cardamom, giving it a
rich and savory flavor. It is often served with
Salata Hara (spicy tomato sauce) and is
topped with fried onions, raisins, and
oftentimes, pine nuts. Kabsa is often
prepared for special occasions and is
enjoyed as a communal dish.
ARAYES
Arayes are a popular Middle Eastern dish made
from pita bread stuffed with spiced ground
meat, typically lamb or beef, and then grilled
until crispy on the outside and juicy on the
inside. This savory dish has a delightful
combination of flavors, with the meat
marinated in a blend of spices that often
includes garlic, cumin, cinnamon, and parsley.
A flavorful The pita is brushed with a bit of olive oil or
butter before grilling, giving it a beautiful
staple of Saudi golden crust. Arayes reflect the traditional
Arabia
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flavors of Saudi cuisine, emphasizing simple
ingredients with bold spices.
GAHWA
AND
DATES
Gahwa has long been a cornerstone of

Saudi Arabian culture, serving as the
ultimate symbol of hospitality and
warmth when welcoming guests. This
traditional Arabic coffee is made from
finely ground, roasted coffee beans,
often infused with spices like cloves
and cardamom, which enhance its
unique flavor profile. It is commonly
paired with fresh dates or sweets,
creating a delightful combination that
complements its rich taste.
THARID
Tharid also known as trid, taghrib, tashreeb, or thareed is a bread soup that originates
from Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This traditional Arabian dish is most often described as a
spicy lamb stew thickened with barley bread (regag). The meat for Tharid is stewed
with varieties of spices and vegetables, usually potatoes, onions, and carrots, and is
then arranged over crispy thin bread and served. This dish is quite popular during the
holy month of Ramadan and according to legend and several Hadith teachings, Tharid
was one of the Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) favorite dishes.
ACTIVITIES
Exploring Historical Riyadh
Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, beautifully blends
ancient heritage with modern development. A key
historical site is the Masmak Fortress, built in 1865
and central to Abdulaziz Ibn Saud's recapture of
Riyadh in 1902. Now a museum, it offers insights into
the kingdom's unification.
The National Museum showcases a vast collection

of artifacts, highlighting the Arabian Peninsula's
evolution and Saudi culture. Nearby, the Diriyah
Historic Center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site,
features traditional Najdi architecture and vibrant
streets filled with galleries, cafes, and shops.
As night falls, Riyadh transforms into a lively hub, offering diverse dining options where visitors
can savor traditional dishes like kabsa and jareesh, all within a bustling atmosphere.
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Al-Ula: A Window into the Ancient World
Al-Ula, in northwestern Saudi Arabia, is a stunning oasis known for the UNESCO World
Heritage Site of Madain Saleh (Al-Hijr). This ancient city, vital to the incense trade,
showcases exquisite Nabatean rock-cut tombs. Guided tours reveal the rich history through
intricate designs and
Ikmah inscriptions.
For adventure seekers, Al-Ula offers spectacular hiking trails and breathtaking views,
especially during sunrise hot air balloon rides. Recently, it has become a vibrant cultural hub,
hosting festivals that celebrate Saudi heritage and attract global visitors.
Jeddah: Where the Desert Meets the Sea
Jeddah, known as the "Gateway to Mecca," is a vibrant coastal city and an essential hub for pilgrims
and tourists. Its prime location along the Red Sea makes it a top destination for beachgoers and water
sports enthusiasts.
A standout feature is the King Fahd Fountain, the tallest in the world at 1,024 feet, particularly
stunning when illuminated at night. The Red Sea invites exploration with its vibrant coral reefs, perfect
for scuba diving and snorkeling, while pristine beaches offer relaxation.
The Jeddah Corniche is a picturesque waterfront lined with parks and sculptures, ideal for leisurely
strolls. The city’s diverse culinary scene features traditional dishes like grilled fish alongside international
cuisine. As night falls, Jeddah comes alive with bustling markets and cultural events, embodying a
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unique blend of tradition and modernity.
TOURIST GUIDE MEMBERS
Marjorie Calisay
Jay Anne Halid
Farqalda Kamensa
Doreen Kyla Resurreccion
Deanne Angela Romero
Czed Talaid

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SAUDI ARABIA

TAPESTRY OF HISTORY AND CULTURE

It is the holiest site in Islam, located in

Gahwa has long been a cornerstone of

The National Museum showcases a vast collection

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