Homework: 01

Student Name: Tasfia Tasnim Student ID: 6324000186

§Section 1.5
05. A function is given by a table of a graph. Determine whether it is one-to-one.
Solution: We know, One To One functions are the functions that have a unique
value of 'x' for every 'y'. The graph is passing through two ordered pairs.
So, it doesn't have a unique y for every x. Therefore, the graph is not a
one-to-one function.

07. A function is given by a table of a graph. Determine whether it is one-to-one.

Solution: We know, If the horizontal line intersects the graph at only one point everywhere,
then the function is one-to-one. Therefore, this function is One to One.

25. Find a formula for the inverse of the function: y = ln(x+3)

Solution: y=ln(x+3)

Solve for y.

ln ⁡( y +3)=x
x
y +3=e
To solve for y, rewrite the equation using properties of logarithms.
ln ( y +3) x
e =e
Rewrite ln ( y −3 )=xln ( y−3 )=x exponential form using the definition of a logarithm. If x and b are
positive real numbers and b≠1, then log b ( x ) =y is equivalent to b y =x
x
e = y+ 3
Solve for y

Rewrite the equation as y +3=e x

Subtract 3 from both sides of the equation.

x
y=e −3
Solved.
63. Find the exact value of

(a) c os−1 (−1)

Solution: To find the exact value of c os−1 (−1 ) , we need to determine the angle whose cosine is -1.

The cosine function reaches -1 at an angle of π radians (or 180 degrees) within the principal range of the
inverse cosine function, which is from 0 to π radians.

Therefore, the exact value of

c os−1 (−1 ) is π radians.

(b) sin−1 (0.5)

Solution: To find the exact value of sin−1 (0.5), we need to determine the angle whose sine is 0.5.

π
The sine function reaches 0.5 at an angle of radians (or 30 degrees) within the principal range of the
6
−π π
inverse sine function, which is from to radians.
2 2
π
Therefore, the exact value of sin−1 (0.5) is radians
6

65. Find the exact value of

(a) csc −1 √ 2

Solution: Let θ = csc −1 √ 2

Since csc(x) and csc −1(x) are inverse functions, this means that csc(θ)= √ 2

1 √2
Taking the reciprocal of both sides, the equation becomes sin(θ) ¿ ¿
√2 2
So, we want to find θ, or the angle where the value of sine is
√2
2
π
This is a well known value of sine. It occurs when θ ¿
4
π
which means that csc −1 √ 2 ¿
4
(b) arcsin 1
π
Solution: radians or 90 degrees.
2

67. Find the exact value of

(a) c ot −1−√ 3

5π
Solution:
6

(b) sec−1 2

Solution: 3π radians

§Section 2.2
6. For the function h whose graph is given, state the value of each quantity, if it exists.
If it does not exist, explain why.

(a) lim ¿
−¿
x→−3 h(x)¿

Solution: lim ¿
−¿
x→−3 h(x)=4 ¿

(b) lim ¿
+¿
x→−3 h( x)¿

Solution: lim ¿
+¿
x→−3 h ( x ) =¿4 ¿ ¿

(c) lim h(x )

x→−3
lim h ( x )=4
Solution: x→−3

Solution: h(−3) does not exist because there’s a hole in the curve at x = −3
(d) h(−3)

and no solid dot.

(e) lim ¿
−¿
x→ 0 h(x)¿
 Solution: lim ¿
−¿
x→ 0 h ( x ) =¿1 ¿¿

(f) lim ¿
+¿
x→ 0 h (x)¿

Solution: lim ¿
+¿
x→ 0 h ( x ) =−1 ¿

(g) lim h(x )

h(x ) does not exist because
x →0
lim ¿
Solution: lim
x →0
−¿
x→ 0 h ( x ) ≠ lim ¿¿
+¿
x →0 h (x )¿

(h) h(0)
Solution: h ( 0 )=1

(i) lim h(x )

x →2

Solution: lim h ( x )=¿ 2¿

x →2

Solution: h ( 2 ) does not exist because there’s a hole in the curve at x = 2 and
(j) h(2)

no solid dot.

(k) lim ¿
¿3
+¿
x→ 5 h( x)¿

Solution: lim
+¿
x→ 5 h ( x ) =¿¿¿

(l) lim ¿
¿3
−¿
x→ 5 h(x)¿

Solution: lim
−¿
x→ 5 h ( x ) =¿ ¿¿

11. Sketch the graph of the function and use it to determine the values of a for which lim f (x )exists.
x →a

{
1+ x if x←1
f (x)= x 2∧if −1 ≤ x <1
2−x if x ≥1

Solution:

lim f (x ) exists wherever the function is continuous. Therefore, {a ¿ a ≠−1 }

x →a
 §Section 2.3

2
t −9
15. Evaluate the limit, if it exists: lim 2
t →−3 2t +7 t+3
2
t −9 (t+3)(t−3) t−3 −6 6
Solution: lim ¿ lim ¿ lim = =
t →−3
2
2t +7 t+3 t →−3 (2 t+1)(t +3) t →−3 2t +1 −5 5

x +2
19. Evaluate the limit, if it exists: lim 3
x→−2 x +8
x +2 x +2 1 x +2
Solution: lim = lim = lim 2 = lim
x +8 x →−2 ( x+ 2 ) ( x −2 x +4 ) x→−2 ( x −2 x +4 ) x→−2 ( x +2 ) ( x 2−2 x+ 4 )
3 2
x→−2

1 1
¿ =
((−2) −2(−2)+ 4 )
2 12

§Section 2.5
3.

(a) From the graph of f , state the numbers at which f is discontinuous and explain why.
Solution: The condition for a function to be continuous at x = a is:
lim ¿
−¿
x→ a f ( x )=¿ +¿
lim ¿¿¿
x→ a f ( x )=¿f ( a)¿¿

The function is discontinuous at x = −4 because the function is not defined there.

lim ¿
−¿
x→−4 f ( x ) =¿ +¿
lim ¿ ¿¿
x →−4 f ( x ) ≠undefined ¿

The function is discontinuous at x = −2 because the left-hand and right-hand limits are not equal.

f (−2 )= lim ¿
−¿
x →−2 f ( x ) ≠ lim+¿
¿¿
x→−2 f ( x ) ¿

The function is discontinuous at x = 2 because the left-hand and right-hand limits are not equal.
lim ¿
−¿
x→ 2 f ( x ) ≠ +¿
lim ¿¿
x→2 f ( x )=f (−2) ¿

The function is discontinuous at x = 4 because the left-hand and right-hand limits are not equal.
lim ¿
−¿
x→ 4 f ( x ) ≠ +¿
lim ¿¿
x →4 f (x )=f (4)¿

(b) For each of the numbers stated in part (a), determine whether f is continuous from the right, or
from the left, or neither.
Solution:
lim ¿
−¿
x→ 4 f ( x ) =¿ +¿
lim ¿¿ ¿
x →4 f (x )≠ undefined¿

The function is neither continuous from the left nor the right.

f (−2 )= lim ¿
−¿
x →−2 f ( x ) ≠ lim+¿
¿¿
x→−2 f ( x ) ¿

The function is continuous from the left.

 lim ¿
−¿
x→ 2 f ( x ) ≠ +¿
lim ¿¿
x→2 f ( x )=f (−2) ¿

The function is continuous from the Right.

lim ¿
−¿
x→ 4 f ( x ) ≠ +¿
lim ¿¿
x →4 f (x )=f (4)¿

The function is continuous from the right.

45. For what value of the constant c is the function f continuous on(-∞,∞)?

{
2
f (x)= cx +2 x if x <2
3
x −cx∧if x ≥ 2
Solution: So, we know that for any value of c, for x < 2, the function is continuous and for x ≥ 2, the
function is continuous.
Therefore, it is the case we have to check for the continuity of the function at x = 2.
f(x) is continuous at x = a if the following conditions are satisfied.
(i) f(a) exists.
(ii) lim ⁡ f(x) exists and
x →a

(iii) (iii) lim x →a

⁡ f(x) = f(a)

We know that for any value of c, the first two conditions are satisfied. So, to find c, assume that the third
condition is satisfied in order to make the function continuous.
Now,
lim ⁡ f (x) = f (2) = c (2)2+ 2(2)
x →2

f (2) = 4c + 4
Again,
lim ⁡ f (x) = f (2) = 23−2 c
x →2

f (2) = 8 – 2c
So,
4c + 4 = 8 – 2c
6c = 4
4 2
c= =
6 3
 2
Therefore, the value of c is
3

§Section 2.6

3. For the function f whose graph is given, state the following.

f ( x)
(a) lim x →∞

Solution: -2

(b) lim f (x)

x →−∞

Solution: 2

f (x )
(c) lim x →1

Solution: ∞

f (x )
(d) lim x →3

Solution: -∞
(e) The equations of the asymptotes

Solution: The horizontal asymptotes are y = 2 and y = −2, and the vertical asymptotes are x = 1 and x = 3.

19. Find the limit or show that it does not exist: lim ⁡
√ t+t 2
2
t→∞ 2 t+t
1

Solution: lim ⁡
√ t+t =lim ⁡ √t +t ∙ t 2
2 2

2 2
t → ∞ 2 t+t t →∞ 2t +t 1
t2
 1
( √ t +t )
2
2
t
¿ lim ⁡
t→∞ 1
(2 t +t 2 ) 2
t
1
3
+1
2
t
¿ lim ⁡
t→∞ 2
−1
t
1
lim ⁡ ( 3
+1)
t→∞
2
t
¿
2
lim ⁡ ( −1)
t→∞ t

1
lim ⁡ 3
+ lim ⁡ 1
t→∞ t→∞
2
t
¿
2
lim ⁡ −lim ⁡ 1
t→∞ t t→∞

0+1
¿ =−1
0−1

27. Find the limit or show that it does not exist: lim ⁡(¿ x → ∞ √ 9 x 2+ x−3 x )

Solution:
 §Section 2.7

11. (a) A particle starts by moving to the right along a horizontal line; the graph of its position
function is shown in the figure. When is the particle moving to the right? Moving to the left?
Standing still?

Solution: The particle is moving to the right for t ∈ (0, 1) ∪ (4, 6) or 0 < t < 1 and 4 < t < 6

The particle is moving to the left for t ∈ (2, 3) or 2 < t < 3

And the particle is standing still for t ∈ (1, 2) ∪ (3, 4) or 1 < t < 2 and 3 < t < 4
(b) Draw a graph of the velocity function

3
Solution: For 0 < t < 1, the rise is 3 and the run is 1, so the slope is m= =3
1
0
For 1 < t < 2, the rise is 0 and the run is 1, so the slope is m= =0
1
−2
For 2 < t < 3, the rise is -2 and the run is 1, so the slope is m= =−2
1
0
For 3 < t < 4, the rise is 0 and the run is 1, so the slope is m= =0
1
2
For 4 < t < 6, the rise is 2 and the run is 2, so the slope is m= =1
2
the slope is undefined where there are kinks in the position function, resulting in points of discontinuity in
the velocity function.
17. For the function t whose graph is given, arrange the following numbers in increasing order and
explain your reasoning:

Solution: g' (x) represents the derivative, or the slope of the tangent line, of g at x.
The tangent lines at x = −2 and x = 0 and x = 2 and x = 4 are drawn

The slope at x = −2 is highest, followed by the one at x = 2, followed by the one at x = 4.

The slope at x = 0 is negative, so it’s the lowest.
g ′ (0) < 0 < g′ (4) < g′ (2) < g′ (−2)

53. The cost of producing x ounces of gold from a new gold mine is C – f (x) dollars.
(a) What is the meaning of the derivative f ′ (x)? What are its units?
Solution: f ′ (x) is the cost of producing an additional ounce of gold after x ounces are produced (also
known as marginal cost). The units of f ′ (x) are dollars per ounce.
(b) What does the statement f ′ (800) = 17 mean?
Solution: f ′ (800) = 17 indicates that once the 800th ounce of gold produced, the cost is $17 per ounce of
gold.
(c) Do you think the values of f ′ (x) will increase or decrease in the short term? What about the
long term? Explain.
Solution: The more that gold is mined, the more scarce it will become, making it more costly to mine.
Therefore, f ′ (x) is smaller in the short term and larger in the long term.

§Section 2.8

3. Match the graph of each function in (a)–(d) with the graph of its derivative in I–IV. Give reasons
for your choices.

Solution: (a) II
Reason: Since from left to right, the slopes of the tangents to graph (a) start out negative, become 0, then
positive, then 0, then negative again. The actual function values in graph II follow the same pattern
(b) IV
Reasons: since from left to right, the slopes of the tangents to graph (b) start out at a fixed positive
quantity, then suddenly become negative, then positive again. The discontinuities in graph IV indicate
sudden changes in the slopes of the tangents.
(c) I
Reasons: since the slopes of the tangents to graph (c) are negative for x < 0 and positive for x > 0, as are
the function values of graph I.
(d) III
Reasons: since from left to right, the slopes of the tangents to graph (d) are positive, then 0, then negative,
then 0, then positive, then 0, then negative again, and the function values in graph III follow the same
pattern.