Q1.

A student is provided with a 0.0300 mol sample of an alcohol.

The student decides to identify the alcohol using an experiment to determine its enthalpy
of combustion.

The figure below shows the apparatus used.

(a) The student finds that when all the alcohol is burned, the temperature of the water
increases from 18.9 °C to 78.1 °C

Calculate the enthalpy of combustion, in kJ mol–1, for the alcohol.

The specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.18 J g–1 K–1

Enthalpy of combustion ____________________ kJ mol–1

(3)

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(c) The equation for the complete combustion of gaseous pentan-1-ol is shown.

CH3(CH2)3CH2OH(g) + 7 O2(g) → 5 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) ΔH = –3388 kJ mol–1

Table 2 shows some bond enthalpy data.

Table 2

C–H C–O O–H C=O O=O

Bond enthalpy / kJ
412 360 463 805 496
mol–1

Use data from Table 2 to calculate a value for the mean C–C bond enthalpy in
pentan-1-ol.

C–C bond enthalpy ____________________ kJ mol–1

(3)

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Q2.
This question is about enthalpy changes.

(a) Define the term enthalpy change.

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(1)

(b) Propane undergoes complete combustion.

C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) ⟶3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l) ∆H = –2046 kJ mol–1

The table below shows some bond enthalpy data.

Bond C–H C=O O–H

Mean bond enthalpy /

412 743 463
kJ mol–1

The bond enthalpy for O=O is 496 kJ mol–1

For H2O(l) ⟶H2O(g) ∆H = +41 kJ mol–1

Use these data to calculate a value for the C–C bond enthalpy in propane.

C–C bond enthalpy ____________________ kJ mol‒1

(4)

(c) Explain why the value given for the O=O bond enthalpy in part (b) is not a mean
value.

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(1)
(Total 6 marks)

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Q3.
This question is about energetics.

(a) Write an equation, including state symbols, for the reaction with an enthalpy change
equal to the enthalpy of formation for iron(III) oxide.

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(1)

(b) Table 1 contains some standard enthalpy of formation data.

Table 1

CO(g) Fe2O3(s)

ΔfHo/ kJ mol−1 −111 −822

Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) ⟶2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) ΔH = −19 kJ mol−1

Use these data and the equation for the reaction of iron(III) oxide with carbon
monoxide to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy of formation for carbon
dioxide.

Show your working.

ΔfHo ____________________ kJ mol−1

(3)

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 (c) Some enthalpy data are given in Table 2.

Table 2

Process ΔH / kJ mol−1

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⟶2NH3(g) −92

N2(g) ⟶2N(g) +944

H2(g) ⟶2H(g) +436

Use the data from Table 2 to calculate the bond enthalpy for N−H in ammonia.

N−H bond enthalpy ____________________ kJ mol−1

(3)

Q4.

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This question is about enthalpy changes.

(a) A student determined the enthalpy of combustion of cyclohexane (C6H12).

The student
• placed a pure sample of cyclohexane in a spirit burner
• placed the spirit burner under a beaker containing 50.0 g of water and ignited
the cyclohexane
• extinguished the flame after a few minutes.

The results for the experiment are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Initial temperature of the water / °C 19.1

Initial mass of spirit burner and

192.730
cyclohexane / g

Final mass of spirit burner and

192.100
cyclohexane / g

The student determined from this experiment that the enthalpy of combustion of
cyclohexane is –1216 kJ mol–1

Use the data to calculate the final temperature of the water in this experiment.

The specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J K–1 g–1

The relative molecular mass (Mr) of cyclohexane = 84.0

Final temperature of the water ________________________°C

(4)

(c) Table 2 gives some values of standard enthalpies of combustion (∆cH⦵).

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 Table 2

Substance C(s) H2(g) C6H12(l)

Standard enthalpy of
−394 −286 −3920
combustion, ∆cH⦵ / kJ mol–1

Use the data in Table 2 to calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction
represented by this equation

6 C(s) + 6 H2(g) → C6H12(l)

Enthalpy change ________________________kJ mol–1

(3)
(Total 8 marks)

Q5.

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Standard enthalpy of combustion data can be used to calculate enthalpies of formation.

(a) State the meaning of the term standard enthalpy of combustion.

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(3)

(b) The equation corresponding to the enthalpy of formation of propan-1-ol is shown.

Table 1 contains some standard enthalpy of combustion data.

Table 1

C(s) H2(g) CH3CH2CH2OH(I)

∆Hc⦵/ kJ mol–1 –394 –286 –2010

Use data from Table 1 to calculate a value for the standard enthalpy of formation of
propan-1-ol. Show your working.

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(3)

(c) An equation for the complete combustion of gaseous propan-1-ol is shown.

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 Table 2 shows some bond enthalpy data.

Table 2

C–H C–O O–H C=O O=O

Bond enthalpy / kJ
412 360 463 805 496
mol–1

Use data from Table 2 and the enthalpy change for this reaction to calculate a value
for the bond enthalpy of a C–C bond in propan-1-ol.

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(3)
(Total 9 marks)

Q6.
This question is about combustion.

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 (b) A student does an experiment to determine the enthalpy of combustion of propan-1-
ol (CH3CH2CH2OH, Mr = 60.0).
Combustion of 0.497 g of propan-1-ol increases the temperature of 150 g of water
from 21.2 °C to 35.1 °C

Calculate a value, in kJ mol–1, for the enthalpy of combustion of propan-1-ol in this

experiment.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J K–1 g–1

Enthalpy of combustion _______________ kJ mol‒1

(3)

(c) The enthalpy of combustion determined experimentally is less exothermic than that
calculated using enthalpies of formation.

Give one possible reason for this, other than heat loss.

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(1)
(Total 6 marks)

Q7.
This question is about enthalpy changes.

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(a) When ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, the enthalpy change, ∆H, is
–56.1 kJ mol–1

CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

Calculate the temperature rise when 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm–3 aqueous ethanoic acid
react with 25 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm–3 aqueous sodium hydroxide.

Assume that both solutions have the same initial temperature, have a density of 1.0
g cm–3 and a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J K–1 g–1

Temperature rise ____________________ °C

(4)

(b) A student recorded the temperature of aqueous ethanoic acid in a polystyrene cup
for three minutes.

At the fourth minute, the student added sodium hydrogencarbonate.

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The student stirred the mixture and carried on recording the temperature every
minute for several minutes.

The student’s measurements are shown in the graph.

A best-fit line showing the temperature before mixing has been drawn.

Draw an appropriate best-fit line on the graph and use it to find the temperature
change at the time of mixing.

Temperature change at time of mixing ____________________ °C

(2)
(Total 6 marks)

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