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STG (Steam Turbine Generator) : Power Output: 5000kW - HP Steam: 38500 KG/HR 1. Definition

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10 views3 pages

STG (Steam Turbine Generator) : Power Output: 5000kW - HP Steam: 38500 KG/HR 1. Definition

Uploaded by

Thanh Trung Nguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STG (STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR)

Power Output: 5000kW | HP Steam: 38500 kg/hr


1. Definition
- The turbine is of the single cylinder, multi-stage, impulse type, with single flow. The steam,
upon leaving the last stage row of blading, passes down the exhaust branch to the condenser.
- The relatively high-speed turbine drives a generator through hardened and ground, helical
gearing.
- The STG and main or topside switchboard provides the power, which is distributed via the main
or topside, marine or engine room and the emergency switch board.
- The generator system will either be powered by internal combustion engines burning diesel or
HFO or steam turbine prime movers.

2. Units
2.1 Steam Turbine
2.1.1 Turbine
Working principle:
In simple terms, a steam turbine works by using a heat source (gas, coal, nuclear,
solar) to heat water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam. As
that steam flows past a turbine’s spinning blades, the steam expands and cools. The
potential energy of the steam is thus turned into kinetic energy in the rotating turbine’s
blades. Because steam turbines generate rotary motion, they’re particularly suited for
driving electrical generators for electrical power generation. The turbines are connected
to a generator with an axle, which in turn produces energy via a magnetic field that
produces an electric current.
Technical Data:

Main Components:
a. Inlet Stop and Emergency Trip Valve
- Isolating the turbine from the steam main when stationary.
- To provide immediate steam cut-off should any security trip operate.
b. Throttle Valve Chest
- Maintain set speed or inlet pressure control as required.
c. Steam and Exhaust Casings
- The exhaust casing outlet faces vertically downward to the condenser.
- The exhaust end of the casing is supported on side stools resting on the baseplate.
- Sufficient clearance between the stationary and move parts is provided to allow
for abnormal operating conditions.
- To prevent leakage of the working fluid from the turbine assembly.
d. Rotor
- To be run at speeds above the first transverse critical speed
- Enable the turbine to produce mechanical energy from steam turbine.
e. Couplings
- Joint between the turbine rotor and gearbox input shaft (NO Lubrication).
- Joint between the gear shaft and the alternator (NO Lubrication).
f. Overspeed Trip
- To shut off the fuel supply in case the engine speed rises to a dangerous level.
g. Nozzles & Diaphragms
Diaphragms
- To regulate the flow of steam to the rotor blade and increase the efficiency of the
turbine.
Nozzles
- To convert heat energy to kinetic energy.
- To direct the steam at high velocity into blades of turbine at required angle.
h. Blades
- To capture the pressure and velocity of steam
- To convert pressure and velocity to rotary mechanical energy.
- To be responsible for thermos-mechanical conversion.
- Two types of blades:
+ Moving blades
+ Stationary blades.
i. Labyrinth Glands
- To restrict the leakage area where the turbine rotor shaft passes through the
casing.
- To break pressure down and to reduce steam leakage outwards from the wheel
case.
j. Seals (Oil, Steam, Liquid)
- To seal the working fluid (steam) within the system and prevent it from escaping,
especially from areas between sub-components and stages of the turbine.
- To optimize efficiency, since a loss of steam will result in losses of thermal
energy, undesired thermal expansion, and slower rates of mechanical rotation.
- To fill the possible exit areas and minimize steam leakage.
k. Bearings (Journal and Thrust)
- To minimize friction between moving parts.
- To optimize rotation and efficiency.
l. Steam strainer
- To separates particles and larger objects from the steam.
- To prevent solid particle erosion in the actual turbine if they pass by
m. Speed Governing & Control
- To alter the rotational speed of the turbine to suit existing needs and conditions.
- To detect rotation speed and ensure that this speed is in equilibrium with external
factors such as electrical load, by altering the rate and direction of steam flow
with respect to the turbine rotor.
n. Instrumentation
- To complement the role(s) of other components
- To improve the overall efficiency of the system.
2.1.2 Gearbox
a. Main gearbox

b. Barring Unit
2.1.3 Oil System
a. Oil Reservoir
b. Pumps
c. Filters
d. Coolers
e. Other Accessories
2.1.4 Condensate System
a. Description of Condenser
b. Air Evacuation System
c. Condensate Pumps
2.1.5 Drains System
- The turbine and its pipework must be drained of water before any attempts is made to
start the turbine generator because residual water will cause severe damage.
- Drains from parts normally under pressure during normal running such as the stop and
throttle valve chests and the steam casing. Controlled by hand isolating valves which
can be closed when pressure starts to build, and all signs of water have been eliminated.
- Atmospheric drains such as from the stop valve gland drain and dirty water drain which
have no valves and are permanently open.

2.2 Generator
Working principle:
Technical Data:
2.2.1 Stator
2.2.2 Rotor
2.2.3 39M Exciter
2.2.4 Permanent Magnet Generator
2.2.5 Rotor Earth Fault Protection
2.2.6 Bearings

2.3 Auxiliary System


Other items essential to the functioning of the turbine are mounted either on or adjacent to
the bedplate unit. These items include:
a. Control system – to be controlled by the governor
 Oil relay cylinder
 Throttle valves
b. Safety and Protection Devices
 Trips
 Trip valves
c. The Lubrication System
 Cooler
 Lub oil filter
 Control oil filter
 Pressure regulating valves
 Accumulator
 Main and auxiliary oil pumps
d. Gland and Seal System – to prevent steam and oil leakage into the turbine room and thereby
improve habitability.
e. Instrumentation
 Pressure transmitters
 Temperature detectors
 Vibration

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