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Fundamentals Steam Turbines

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16 views3 pages

Fundamentals Steam Turbines

Uploaded by

Mohamed Eid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fundamentals Steam Turbines

Fundamentals Steam Turbines

Steam Turbine Internals

Steam Turbine Blades

Type of Steam Turbines

• Back pressure steam turbine


The exhaust steam (outlet steam) from the turbine is still super heated steam
that can be sent to lower pressure steam header (150# or 60# steam header)
for further usage.

• Condensing type turbine


The exhaust steam (outlet steam) from the turbine is saturated steam mixed
with mist condition of water (usually 95 to 98% of gas phase steam with
another fraction of mist water).
This condition of steam is useless in the plant so needs to be condensed for
sending back to steam plant as condensate water phase.

• Extraction type turbine


This is mixed type of back pressure + extraction type steam turbine which has
two outlet nozzles in turbine casing. The first outlet nozzle extracts middle
pressure steam from the middle of turbine train which can be utilized within the
plant for other purpose (150# or 60# steam header) and the second outlet
discharges saturated steam which will be condensed by surface condenser to
send condensate water back to the steam plant.

Back Pressure Turbine

Extraction Turbine

Trip Valve

Governor Valve

Governor Valve (Multiple Plugs)

Turbine Cross Section


Turbine Governor Valve Control System

Governor Systems

Conventional Governor Schematic

Trip System

Operation of the steam turbine (back pressure type steam turbine)

1. Ensure proper warming and draining of the casing before start-up the turbine using by-
pass valve of main steam line.
2. Ensure proper oil level of the bearing housing through the sight glass and if there is oil
circulation system, ensure the oil flow from the bearing housing.
3. If the turbine had maintenance activities, it is required to do the overspeed trip test to
ensure trip mechanism functionality.
4. There are two overs-peed trip tests to be conducted; one is electric over-speed by the
electric governor control system (WW505) and the other is mechanical over-speed trip
attached on the rotor and trip mechanism (linkage or hydraulic oil).
5. If all above (1-4) are checked, the turbine can be started to slow roll using throttle valve
(T&T valve) with slow roll speed (500-800 rpm) mentioned in OEM manual.
6. After slow roll, the governor control system will start the turbine as programmed start-up
ramp speed.
7. Vibration and bearing temperature need to be monitored during the turbine start-up
from slow roll to normal speed.

Quiz (I)

• Directions: Answer the following questions. Refer to your introduction if necessary.

• For questions 1 through 7, label the parts of a steam turbine in below figure.

• 1. ___________________________ 5. ________________________
• 2. ___________________________ 6. ________________________
• 3. ___________________________ 7. ________________________
• 4. ___________________________

8. What is the function of the rotor blades?

________________________________________________________

9. As the steam travels through the turbine, do the blades become larger or smaller and
describe why?

___________________________________________________________

10. The shaft turns in a special metal sleeve called a ________________________.

11. Why is the space between the shaft and the journal bearing filled with lubricating oil?

________________________________________________________

12. What is the function of the turbine governor?

________________________________________________________

13. Describe the damage as a result of turbine over-speed:

________________________________________________________

Quiz (II)

Answers

1. Tenons, 2. Blades, 3. Steam Chest, 4. Shaft, 5. Shaft Journal,


6. Diaphragms (nozzles), 7. Casing
8. Blade gets energy from the steam and transfers it to rotate
shaft with torsional energy.
9. The size of the blades gets bigger as per stages due to
steam volume expansion passing through each stage.
10. Bearing (Babbitt metal)
11. To prevent metal-to-metal contact during operation, oil fills
the gap between shaft and bearing with lubrication film.
12. Governor changes and keeps the speed of turbine as
ordered from the system as per requirement.
13. Due to the excessive centrifugal force exerted on the
blades, excessive vibration and fracture can happen on the
rotor resulting in catastrophic damage.

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