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RPH - Midterm Notes - 093902

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RPH - Midterm Notes - 093902

this can help u in reviewing

Uploaded by

gildamanalo156
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3: ONE PAST BUT MANY HISTORIES”: CONTROVERSIES AND CONFLICTING

VIEWS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Why do we need to address controversies in history?


1. Historical Accuracy - To settle and acknowledge contradiction
2. Be understanding of Cultural Transformation - To understand where the controversy
started.

A. Site of the First Mass


Sources of why Limasawa is the site of the first mass:
1. Francisco Albo’s Log - Pilot/Navigator of the Magellan Expedition.
2. Maximilianus Transylvanus - Interviewed the survivors of Magellan Expedition;
Secondary source (Added or subtracted the information through corroboration with Albo
and Pigafetta’s account).
3. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - First general-governor before the Spaniards; Went to
Butuan after Magellan’s death.

Limasawa is the site of the first Mass based on the geographical alignment of the islands:
● The team of Magellan planted a cross on top of an island. From the location of the cross,
you can see three other islands facing the same direction. The location of the cross
marks the exact spot where the Mass was held. The alignment of the islands aligns with
historical accounts of the event.

KEYWORDS:
● March 31, 1521 - Date of the first mass.
● Limasawa Law - RA No. 2733 (June 19, 1960)
● Ruy López de Villalobos - Named the Philippines after Prince Philip of Spain (who later
became King Philip II). Villalobos led a Spanish expedition to the islands in 1542-1546
and named the islands of Leyte and Samar "Las Islas Filipinas" in honor of the young
prince.
● Sonia M. Zaide - She identified Masao in Butuan as the location of the first Christian
Mass. Based her claim on the diary of Pigafetta. Evidences for Masao:
○ Name of the place
○ Route from Homonhon
○ Latitude Position
○ Route to Cebu
○ Geographical Features - Bonfire, balanghai, houses, abundance of gold,
developed settlements.
B. Cavite Mutiny - Uprising of war or rebellion (Himagsikan)
The mutiny began when 200 Filipino workers at the arsenal, who were dissatisfied with their low
wages and poor working conditions, attacked Spanish officers and seized control of the arsenal.
This event marked the start of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.
● January 20, 1872

Governor-general Rafael Gerónimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutiérrez - He heard that there are
privileges for people working in the arsenal, which is they are not going to pay tax and are
exempted in the polo y servicio. He did not like it, and withdrew that privilege. Those Filipinos
working in the arsenal were angered with this action and decided to rebel. Thus, the start of the
Cavite Mutiny. Bomb explosion is the indicator that the war started.

Rules of the Spaniards


1. Tributes (Tax) - If not paid, Filipinos will be imprisoned or tortured.
2. Polo y Servicio - The forced labor system without compensation imposed upon the local
population in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. 16-65 year old Filipino
men are chosen through a raffle box to work.

GOMBURZA - Sentenced to death by garrote on February 17, 1872. Falsely accused of being
involved in the mutiny resulting in their death.
● Mariano Gomez - The Spanish authorities saw him as a threat to their power and used
the mutiny as an opportunity to suppress dissent.
● Jose Burgos - A prominent figure in the Filipino clergy who was critical of Spanish
colonial rule.
● Jacinto Zamora - Got involved because of his gambling habits. The invitation in his
gambling circle has a note “powder” slang of money.

Four versions of the Cavity Mutiny - Jose Montero y Vidal, Governor-general Rafael Izquierdo,
Trinidad Herm
C. Retraction of Rizal
To fight the injusting colonial rule of Spaniards, Rizal’s method is through writing. In his writing,
he is targeting:
● Catholic Church - The hypocrisy of the Church's teachings, contrasting the Christian
values.
● Spanish Government - Corruption; imposed heavy taxes on Filipinos; officials
pocketing a portion of the revenue for themselves.
● Spanish Friars - Criticized the friars' abuse of their authority, including their involvement
in land disputes, forced labor, and sexual misconduct.

Marie Josephine Leopoldine Bracken was the common-law wife of Filipino nationalist José
Rizal during his exile in Dapitan. Hours before Rizal's execution on December 30, 1896, the
couple were allegedly married at Fort Santiago following Rizal's alleged reconciliation with the
Catholic Church.

KEYWORDS
➢ Arsenal - A military facility where the Spanish navy stored weapons, ammunition, and
other naval supplies.
➢ Secularization of Filipino Churches - Turn over of authority of Spanish friars to Filipino
friars.
➢ Garrote - A method of execution that involves strangulation by means of a metal collar
that is tightened around the neck with a white cloth wrapped around their heads. The
collar is typically fitted with a screw or lever that is slowly turned to constrict the neck and
eventually cause death.
➢ Martyr - A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs. Died for
something they did not do.
➢ Jesuits - A member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests.
➢ Excommunicado - Expelled from the Catholic Church and could not receive its
sacraments.
➢ Common-law marriage - A relationship between a man and a woman who live
exclusively with each other just like a husband and wife without the benefit of marriage
or when the marriage is void.
➢ Noli Me Tangere - Touch Me Not
➢ El Filibusterismo - Reign Of Greed/Terror
➢ Mi Ultimo Adios - My Last Farewell
➢ Date of Rizal’s Death - December 30, 1896
➢ Rizal’s birth date - June 19, 1861

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