12.

4 Seni infinite strings reflections

Uff c Uxx 0 0

Iii I
Iiii
ulx.tl F x ct
G x ct

x at 0

which of these waves are already known

For we can write f and 6 w.it f and g DAlembertSol
12ft
How to obtain Flx at when act
observe that 4 0 at 0 for all 0
From ulo.tl F x ct
atGlxteth
Fl ct 6 ct 0

at
EtEFEE 1 cfgixdx
reminder Glx f fglx̅ldx̅
 For x CHO
he b defense
it
Elis Igg
fleet flat x
findx̅
2
fix dx̅
flxtet flat x
2 glx̅ldx̅

to

50
I Summary the sol of
the semi infiniteprob with

it sina.ie sentinie
initial position and velocities
extended as odd functions

Is
Sx
 How to calc late feetYd yet
4 0 F z 61 2
of x

II
x 0

Effendi 2.55k

odd fix
extension

a112
12
112 112

Different even extension

problem Ux 0 a 0

X
ux tune
at
 12.5 Strings on Finite Domain

Iiii ex
1 eflections

Solution Method 1 Sep of var

If
t
ulx.tl an.sn ne cos

ulxol flxl I.am sin an

2 isin E dx

Solution Method 2 Method of chaac extented sol on infinite domain

at

12
M r
i i M

odd 2L periodic extension

uk.tl
IT an.sn n1 cos
nEt I an sin Elx ct1 sinfek et
 et f ct since fix an sin
1

1112 711 ER

EII.IE E
s L.H.S
Effdx 1
2
21 3 ax

dx k E

rats
Et in
5
ax
E
dx
ftp.E
T

0
If K E P E

Conservation
of Energy
441 TUE dx
1
0
2

Note that E 0
 uniqueness of the solution
Assume that both u and v satisfy the original prob

UH EUXX and Ott c Uxx

ok
Then w 4 0
satisfy W f c wxx

3
Twi dx
Energyean
1 2 wf
IT
pwF 12Twt dx constant o

wt D and wt 0 for all times and places

0
then we 0 and wx 0
Egg
Chapter 5 Sturm Liouville Eigen Value Problem

Heat Egn U kUxx with 010 0 4

df 0 0

kok

Q u
alter.EE 2a cplx1
x t hH1.0 x
h k
9011
k a
to
 hom.BCs
1 T.EE
General eigen value problem

plx
d 91 10 r x 0 0 asxab

Restrictions p q r are real functions and continuous everywhere

for all arxab 1st
p o 570
Feb
pg p p pay
b with PYER
β py 1 b 0 Pr

Regular S L E V P Sturm Liouville Eigen Value Problem

1 All e values are real

2 There is a smallest e value but not a largest

7,2 2 734
3 There is unique e friction up to a multiplicative constant
an
fo each e value with the e func for An denoted
n
has n 1 zero's in the domain a b
by
On sin Jan a is n t
n 2

4 The eigenfunctions form a complete set

f x flx̅
fixin
If an x and fix
2
 All the e functions are orthogonal under the correct innerproduct

Onkl.flxi
I
0nlx10mlx fdnixi.dm
O if an Am
W.IE fe
6 we need to use R.Q.to say sent about the sign of X

pdnd ab i.PE
2adJa j
a
r

0td y
koHdidx

c.pk q
d
can
1
we

0
have
4
a
0
0 here
ons

twist
Have 0

0
152kt
É
where
IT andnix so

5.5
plx glx is an operator

S.L.EU P L 0 B Cs
functions and
Lagrange's identity Any two u x w x

441 and Lo pde

pde qu que
a Llo ellul u.de pdf ufu va pd v9
EdE vdg Lagrangisidentity

a P l u
f
Green's formula integrate from a to b

Green's formula
Ef ullul dx
pludf u.de
If u and I are functions that satisfythe same ton egn BCs
and if thems you get due to integration
by parts vanish
P udf udel.to
then L is called a self adjoint operate
dx
Note alludx
fu
a
pdf

upde
fdepded .ae
i
iEfEi
n

fo.Lluldx
Operate L associated Tith L there is an adjoint operator I
L is selfadjoint if uL l0 0L u dx 0
 checks
LI
5
H.M

If L L and the original prob and the adjoint prob have

the
sec only then the prob is SELF ADJOINT

Let's go back to the SL operator L

p 9

0h14
LIO dx p ude ude

mtdak.it eje sLEE

ula 0 for v6
β patyla same

U b u b 0 with Pr PYER
β py
I
RHS p a b d lb v b day b ula dela total 1 a 0

1
616 3.41b Ffa Faula
Regular SL operator is a self adjoint
All e values are real
Assume An and are complex TX is real fine
210m an On 0 where L
de pdx 9
L In In 5 On 0 where In and I are complex conjugal

use Grea's formula U On v Fn

0.2 seltid
14 LI n dnitteEsdx gEetpe
 14 an II I dx o
b

10h dx 0
x̅ xn In rdx Iman

Then an An In Xn 0 Fowney
Orthogonality
are eforce
Assume In and Xp
are e values and On and Xp

Iii 4 xp
Use Grea's formula U p
6 0
4
ndpdnrtxpdndp.ir d
14411 41 1

1kEF
o

10 xp r.dx o if ntp

uniqueness Assume one e value has two independent

e functions and 2

Lid x 0
1102 r 02 0
Lagrange's identity 2102 02210 0
 d d 0 due to the regular BCs
p p
then 0 d d 0
pro
all

02 2 Podate

chain rule
2 021
multiply 0,2 0 d 021

an
1 1 0 instant

02 C
0
is not independent of
function
unique e
what about the following problem

d xd o.XEE L.LT an Ft
14 0 4
titanite c.EE EI II I have two
Since this is not regular S.L.EU.P independent e
functions

Then I don't have the uniqueness

of the e functions
anymore