ACTIVE-PASSIVE

Simple S+V1(s,es)+O. S+is,am,are+V3(by+O).

Progressive S+is,am,are+Ving+O. S+is,am,are+being+V3(by+O).
PRESENT
Perfect S+has,have+V3+O. S+has,have+been+V3(by+O).
T
Perfect Progressive S+has,have+been+Ving+O. S+has,have+been+being+V3(by+O).

Simple S+V2+O. S+was,were+V3+(by+O).

Progressive S+was,were+Ving+O. S+was,were+being+V3+(by+O).
PAST Perfect S+had+V3+O. S+had+been+V3(by+O).
Perfect Progressive S+had+been+Ving+O. S+had+been+being+V3(by+O).

is, am, are going to +v1 is, am, are going to + be + v3

Simple S+will+V1+O. S+will+be+V3(by+O).
Progressive S+will+be+Ving+O. S+will+be+being+V3(by+O).
FUTURE
Perfect S+will+have+V3+O. S+will+have+been+V3(by+O).
Perfect Progressive S+will+have+been+Ving+O. S+will+have+been+being+V3(by+O).
Tense Active Passive
PRESENT

PRESENT SIMPLE I make a cake. A cake is made (by me).

PRESENT CONTINUOUS I am making a cake. A cake is being made (by me).

PRESENT PERFECT I have made a cake. A cake has been being made (by me).

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I have been making a cake. A cake has been being made (by me).

PAST

PAST SIMPLE I made a cake. A cake was made (by me).

PAST CONTINUOUS I was making a cake. A cake was being made (by me).

PAST PERFECT I had made a cake. A cake had been made (by me).

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS I had been making a cake. A cake had been being made (by me).

FUTURE

FUTURE SIMPLE I will make a cake. A cake will be made (by me).

I am going to make a cake. A cake is going to be made (by me).

FUTURE CONTINUOUS I will be making a cake. A cake will be being made (by me).

FUTURE PERFECT I will have made a cake. A cake will have been made (by me).

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS I will have been making a cake. A cake will have been being made (by me).
REMARKS;

1. had hoped (expect to happen in the past but not happen)

We had hoped that Dale would change his mind.

If it doesn’t have “ that” use this structure: We had hoped him changing his mind.

2. There are two objects in the sentence.

The waiter called the customer a taxi.

- A taxi was called for the customer by the waiter.

- The customer was called a taxi for by the waiter.

3. preposition

She laughed at a poor beggar.

- A poor beggar was laughed at by her.

4. Imperative Sentences; command, request, asked, begged, implored, ordered, told, advised etc.

Active Passive

Please open the door You are asked to open the door.

Don’t open the door. You are asked not to open the door.

Return the book before March. You are requested to return the book before March

5. Let

Active Passive

Open the door Let the door be opened.

Write this letter. Let the letter be written.

Fill in the blank. Let the blank be filled.

6. Infinitive

Active Passive

I want to send the letter. I want the letter to be sent.

I have the book to read. I have the book to be read.

7. It’s time

Active Passive

It’s time to send a letter. It’s time for the letter to be sent.

It was time to stop smoking. It was time for driving to be stopped.

8. that clause (Reporting Verb; observe, describe, discuss, report, remark, state, say, mention)

Active Passive

People say that he is a teacher. It’s said that he is a teacher.

People say that Sam is always looking good. Sam is said to be always looking good.

It’s said that Sam is always looking good.

It proved that he killed his friend. It was proved that he killed his friend.

9. Object Complement

Active Passive

We elected her a teacher. She was elected a teacher. (by us)

His friends named him Coward. He was named Coward. (by his friend)
10. Feel/ Taste/ Smell

Active Passive

The flower smells sweet. The flower is sweet when it is smelt.

The medicine tastes bitter. The medicine is bitter when it is tasted.

11. need

Active Passive

I need to wash my car. My car needs to be washed. / My car needs washing.

12. Causative

- get / have something done to get/ have + object + v3

I had my shoes polished by the time he arrived.

You must have this form signed by the teacher.

She got a tooth pulled out yesterday.

He will get his car cleaned.

- have/ get someone do/ to do something

She has her servant wash her car every day. เน้ นคนใช้ ล้างรถ She gets her car washed every day. ให้ เคนอื่นล้ างไม่เน้ นผู้กระทา

I have my teacher sign this form. I get my teacher to sign this form.

- to have someone done กรรมของกริ ยาเป็ นผู้ถูกกระทา - to have someone doing การกระทาที่ตอ่ เนื่อง

I had Olivier punished. The doctor will soon have you walking again.

13. get + v3 / adj.

She got bored when she watched a horror movie.

Directions: Choose the best alternative.
1. My wedding ring ______of yellow and white gold.
1. is making 2. is made 3. made 4. are made
2. If my father ______, he will come.
1. has invited 2. invited 3. is invited 4. is inviting
3. References ______ in the examination room.
1. is used 2. uses 3. are using 4. are not used
4. The official ______to change his mind.
1. refuses 2. is refused 3. refuse 4. is not refused
5. People _____ that Chompoo is a fashionista.
1. are said 2. say 3. are saying 4. have said
6. Patients _____ to follow the doctor's advice.
1. are told 2. is told 3. tell 4. are telling
7. We _____ to take our clients out to dinner tonight.
1. are planned 2. are planning 3. plans 4. are being plan
8. The mail is _____by the postman at this moment.
1. delivered 2. delivering 3. being delivered 4. deliver
9. The old beggar _____ at by the children.
1. is being laughed 2. are being laughed 3. is laughing 4. laughed
10. John ____ a raise every year since he began working for this company.
1. receive 2. has received 3. has been received 4. receives
11. Your mobile phone ______ and you can pick it up any time.
1. has fixed 2. was fixing 3. has been fixed 4. fixed
12. Many books _____ , but one of the best is Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyozaki.
1. have written about success 2. written about success
3. have been written about success 4. about successful
13. Cash awards were given to employees who _____ quality and raise production suggestions to improve
1. offer 2. had offered 3. are offering 4. had been offered
14. The car _____ before the machinic went home.
1. fixed 2. was fixing 3. had been fixed 4. is fixed
15. Nobody _____ how to open the combination lock.
1. know 2. knew 3. was known 4. come to know
16. The child _____ because his parents were careless.
1. hurt 2. got hurt 3. hurts 4. was hurting
17. The seminar _____the important role management played in maintaining employee morale during last year's crisis.
1. will be discussing 2. will discuss 3. has been discussed 4. had discussed
18. Because of his schedule, Mr. Dale ______ to visit the plant this week.
1. had not been able 2. will not be able 3. is not going able 4. didn't able
19. Before school is out, I ______ my library books."
1. will returned 2. am going to returned 3. will have returned 4. will have been returned
20. By the twenty-first century, the computer ______ a necessity in every home.
1. became 2. is become 3. has become 4. will have become

Directions: Rewrite the following changing the active sentences to passive and passive sentences to active.

1. The thieves have been arrested by the police.

_______________________________________________________________
2. The marvelous performance delivered by the children enthralled us.
_______________________________________________________________
3. Did anyone invite Jake to the party?
_______________________________________________________________
4. We have shipped your order.
_______________________________________________________________
5. Has the girl recited the poems beautifully?
_______________________________________________________________
6. Do many tourists visit Thailand every year?
_______________________________________________________________
7. The child impressed everyone with his polite manners.
_______________________________________________________________
8. Please be polite to the little children.
_______________________________________________________________
9. They are painting the walls.
_______________________________________________________________
10. The car has been fixed by the mechanic.
_______________________________________________________________
11. She accepted their invitation with pleasure.
_______________________________________________________________
12. Someone must take the chair away.
_______________________________________________________________
13. Pete pronounced the complicated English words to me.
_______________________________________________________________
14. She kept me waiting.
_______________________________________________________________
15. I want to cut my hair.
_______________________________________________________________
Directions: Fill in the correct tense. Use passive or active according to the context.
1. The war ______________________ next week (DECLARE).
2. Your homework _____________________by tomorrow afternoon. (MUST FINISH)

3. That house _____________________since I was a child. (NOT PAINT)

4. Smoking ______________________in this hotel (NOT ALLOW)

5. After all the flights ___________________the tourists checked in at the airport hotel.(CANCEL)

6. The car _____________________for over a week (NOT WASH).

7. He ______________________a new contract last year (GIVE)

8. This song ______________________by the Beatles in 1967. (WRITE)

9. The new bridge ______________________at the moment. (BUILD)

10. When she heard that her dog _____________________(KILL), she burst into tears.

11. We hope that the missing money _____________________(FIND) soon.

12. I didn’t go to the party because I _____________________(INVITE)

13. The authorities decided that the meeting ____________________next Wednesday. (HOLD)

14. The goods ______________________to our house in the Midlands every Friday. (TRANSPORT)
Directions: Identify the one underlined word or phrase (1), (2), (3), or (4) that should be corrected.

Then mark your answer.

1. When birds are molting, 1.normally once or twice 2.a year", they 3.can seen much 4. less often.

2. 1.Sixty-seven women 2.have" served in the U.S. Congress 3.since the first woman 4.elected in 1916.

3. The first 1.commercially 2.practical 3.electric motor 4.was introducing in the 1880s.

4. In 1.just the 2.last few years, football 3.is become more popular than baseball in 4.several countries.

5. The world's urban population, which 1.is increasing faster 2.than the rural population, 3.was reached 45 percent of

4.the total world population.

6. In the early eighteen century, the violin 1.was using 2.in the orchestra 3.primarily as an accompanying

4.instrument.

7. 1.Before an airplane 2.is taken off, a flight plan 3.is made and 4.approved.

8. A letter of credit is often 1.using by companies 2.to finance the 3.movement of goods 4.between countries.

9. Marquette and Jolliet, 1.guided 2.by Indians, 3.discover the Mississippi River 4.in 1673.

10. 1.A fire 2.will be burned 3.only when plenty of air 4.is supplied.