Math

GRADE 10
LIFE SCIENCES P2
NOVEMBER 2024
MARKS: 150
TIME: 2½ HOURS
This question paper consists of 17 pages.
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Life Sciences Grade 10 2 Motheo/November 2024
Paper 2
INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION
Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.
1. Answer ALL the questions.
2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.
3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.
4. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this
question paper.
5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.
6. Make ALL drawings in pencil and label them in blue or black ink.
7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.
8. The diagrams in this question paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
9. Do NOT use graph paper.
10. You must use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and compass, where
necessary.
11. Write neatly and legibly.

Paper 2
SECTION A
QUESTION 1
1.1 Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions.
Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question
numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.10) in the ANSWER BOOK, for example, 1.1.11 D.
1.1.1 A population is made up of …
A individuals of the same species.

B communities.
C ecosystems.
D different species.
QUESTIONS 1.1.2 AND 1.1.3 ARE BASED ON THE DIAGRAM BELOW OF A

HUMAN HEART
E
A
B D
C
1.1.2 The letter of the part of the heart that prevents the oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood in the heart from mixing is…
A A
B B
C D
D E

Paper 2
1.1.3 Which one of the following does NOT form part of the systemic
circulation?
A Right atrium
B Aorta
C Left lung
D Vena cava
1.1.4 Identify the correct way of writing the biological name of the African
lion.
A panthera Leo
B Panthera Leo
C Panthera leo
D Panthera leo
1.1.5 The part of the Earth where organisms live is called the …
A atmosphere.
B lithosphere.
C biosphere.
D hydrosphere.

Paper 2
QUESTIONS 1.1.6 AND 1.1.7 ARE BASED ON THE EXPERIMENT BELOW.
1.1.6 Cotton wool plugs are placed in glass funnels and equal amounts of
different soil samples are placed in the funnels. Then equal volumes
of water are poured into the funnels.
1 2 3 4
Soil sample in funnel
Cotton wool plug
The correct aim of this experiment is:
A To determine the pH of different soil types

B To determine the oxygen levels of different soil types
C The influence of different soil types on water retention
D To determine the texture of different soil types
1.1.7 Which funnel contains clay soil?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
1.1.8 Proteas are common to which biome?
A Forest
B Savannah
C Fynbos
D Grasslands
1.1.9 The terrestrial biome where water is the most limiting factor.
A Fynbos
B Wetlands
C Forest
D Succulent Karoo

Paper 2
1.1.10 A person who studies fossils is known as a…
A archaeologist.
B palaeontologist.
C anthropologist.
D radiologist.
(10 x 2) (20)
1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write
only the term next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.10) in the ANSWER
BOOK.
1.2.1 The transfer of energy from the sun, though green plants and
various consumers
1.2.2 The membrane that surrounds the heart
1.2.3 An organism that is specifically restricted to a region
1.2.4 Movement of water between the ocean, atmosphere, and land
1.2.5 Variety of living organisms on earth
1.2.6 The structure that ensures flow of blood in one direction only
1.2.7 The remains of organisms that have been preserved in rock
1.2.8 The cardiac valve that occurs at the base of the aorta and
pulmonary artery
1.2.9 The non-living components of an ecosystem
1.2.10 The trophic level on which primary consumers occur

(10 x 1 ) (10)

Paper 2
1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY,

B ONLY, BOTH A AND B or NONE of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only,
B only, both A and B or none, next to the question numbers (1.3.1 to 1.3.3)
in the ANSWER BOOK.
COLUMN I COLUMN II
1.3.1 Organism that cannot produce A: Heterotrophic
their own food B: Predators
1.3.2 Transports oxygenated blood A: Pulmonary artery
from the lungs to the heart B: Pulmonary vein
1.3.3 Evidence of continental drift A: Transitional fossil
B: Biogeography
(3 x 2) (6)
1.4 The diagram below shows the feeding interaction in an ecosystem.
Hawk
x
Fox Snake
x x
Owl
x
Sparrowx
Frog
Rabbit
Grasshopperx
x
Mousex
Grass
1.4.1 Identify what is represented by this diagram. (2)
1.4.2 What does the arrows in the diagram represent? (1)
1.4.3 Identify the producer in the diagram above. (1)
1.4.4 Give the NAME of ONE of the following:
(a) Carnivore (1)
(b) Secondary consumer (1)

Paper 2
1.4.5 Name the group of organisms that break down dead organic
matter in all ecosystems. (1)
1.4.6 Which group of organisms will have the largest total

biomass? (1)
(8)
1.5 Blood doping is an illegal performance-enhancing practice primarily used by

athletes to increase the haemoglobin content of their blood, which improves
endurance and athletic performance.
During the Comrades Marathon of 2023, a runner had 500ml of his own blood
removed, stored and returned to his body a few days before he competed in
the marathon.
The graph below shows the haemoglobin content of the blood in the athlete’s
body over a period of 35 weeks.
` 1.5.1 Give the function of haemoglobin in the blood (1)
1.5.2 How long did it take for the athlete’s haemoglobin levels to get
back to normal after the blood had been returned? (2)
1.5.3 Calculate the difference in percentage haemoglobin in the
athlete’s blood from the time the blood was removed at 5
weeks to when the blood was returned at 15 weeks. (3)
(6)
Total Section A [50]

Paper 2
SECTION B
QUESTION 2
2.1 Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a condition in which the left ventricle, the
heart’s main pumping chamber, thickens and enlarges. This thickening is
usually a response to increased workload on the heart, most commonly
caused by high blood pressure (hypertension).
In normal conditions, the heart muscle can relax and contract with each
heartbeat. In LVH, the heart muscle thickens, reducing its ability to relax and
contract. This condition can eventually lead to heart failure.
Below is a representation of a normal heart and a heart affected by LVH:
2.1.1 Name the artery that exits the left ventricle of the heart. (1)
2.1.2 Name the phase in the cardiac cycle when

(1)
2.1.3 Describe the flow of blood in the phase named in

QUESTION 2.1.2. (6)
2.1.4 The left ventricle of a normal heart pumps blood at higher

pressures than the rest of the heart chambers.
Explain the reason for this. (2)
2.1.5 Explain what effect LVH will have on the rest of the body.
(2)
(12)

Paper 2
2.2 The decay of carbon-14 over time is a key indicator of the age of organic
remains. This proses is call radiometric dating.
It reveals the time since death of organisms, provides historical timelines,

and offers clues to environmental conditions of the past.
By studying this decay, scientists can reconstruct the history of life on

Earth, the development of human civilizations, and the progression of
natural processes like climate change.
The table below shows the decay of Carbon-14 over time.
DECAY OF CARBON-14
Years from 0 5 730 11 480 17 190 22 920
the present
Number of 0 1 2 3 4
half-lives
elapsed
Percentage of 100 50 25 12.5 6.25
original
Carbon-14
remaining
2.2.1 Name ONE other method used to determine the age of organic (1)
remains.
2.2.2 According to the extract give TWO significances of determining

the age of organic remains. (2)
2.2.3 Identify the percentage of original Carbon-14 remaining in a

fossil of 11 480 years ago. (2)
2.2.4 Name THREE important events, other than fossil evidence, that (3)
scientist use, to make sense of the history of life on earth.
2.2.5 Describe fossil formation. (7)

(15)

Paper 2
2.3 The table below shows different Eras and Periods in a geological time
scale.
MYA ERA Period Events

1.8 Cenozoic Quaternary Evolution of humans
50 Tertiary Mammals’ diversity
100 Mesozoic Cretaceous Extinction of dinosaurs
First primates
First flowering plants
150 Jurassic First birds
Dinosaurs’ diversity
200 Triassic First mammals
250
300 Palaeozoic Permian Major extortions
Reptile diversity
350 Pennsylvanian First reptiles
Large insects
400 Mississippian Sharks
450 Devonian First amphibians
Forests
500 Silurian
550 Ordovician First fishes
Cambrian X
Rapid increase in diversity in number of
species
2.3.1 What does MYA stand for in this geological time scale? (2)
2.3.2 Give:
(a) The era humans are living in (2)
(b) The period when the first fishes appear (2)
(c) One example of the type of animal that first appear in the
Devonia period (2)
2.3.3. Identify how long did the Devonian period lasted. (2)
2.3.4 Name the major event that took place at X approximate 543 (2)
MYA.
2.3.5 List THREE theories how scientist explain the mass extinction in
during the Cretaceous period. (3)
(15)

Paper 2
2.4 The coelacanth is an ancient fish that holds a special place in

evolutionary history due to its "living fossil" status.
The unique characteristics of the coelacanth represent an early step

in the evolution of fish to terrestrial four-legged animals like
amphibians.
Coelacanths have several unique anatomical features, including

lobed fins that resemble the structure of limbs, a bony skull, and a
specialized hinge in their tail.
Once thought to be extinct for millions of years, it was rediscovered

in 1938, off the mouth of the Chalumna River on the east coast of
South Africa.
2.4.1 Where was the Coelacanth rediscovered? (1)
2.4.2 Explain what is meant by the term ‘living fossil’. (2)
2.4.3 What is a fossil called that has characteristics of two (1)

different groups of organisms?
2.4.4. Between which two groups of vertebrates does the

coelacanth probably fit? (2)
2.4.5 Name TWO unique features of the Coelacanth. (2)

(8)
Total Question 2: (50)

Paper 2
QUESTION 3
3.1 The diagram below shows organisms belonging to different

kingdoms according to the Five-Kingdom system of classification.
A B C D E
Flowering plants Bread mould Insect Amoeba sp. Bacterium
3.1.1 Give The LETTER and KINGDOM of the organisms with the
flowing characteristics:
(a) Autotrophic feeding method (2)
(b) Unicellular and prokaryotic (2)
(c) Have cell walls composed of chitin (2)
(d) Invertebrates and have no cell wall (2)
3.1.2 Tabulate TWO differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

organisms. (5)
(13)
3.2. Carl Linnaeus designed a double-name system. The given name
applies to one specie only. The system is based on Latin
and is still being used today.
3.2.1 Give the name of the double-name system that Carl Linnaeus (1)
design.
3.2.2 Explain why Carl Linnaeus use Latin as language to name the
species. (2)
(3)

Paper 2
3.3 Succulent plants normally grow on rocky, north facing slopes as seen
in the diagram below.
3.3.1 According to the water needs of succulent plants, are they (1)
hydrophytes, mesophytes or xerophytes?
3.3.2 Give a reason for you answer to QUESTION 3.3.1 (1)
3.3.3 Name any TWO physiographic factors visible from in the

diagram. (2)
3.3.4 Explain why there is no plant growth on area X. (2)

(6)
3.4 The diagram below shows two number pyramids labelled A and B and two
food chains, labelled 1 and 2.
A B
1. Grass → zebras → lions → fleas

2. Thorntree → beetles → lizzards → owl

Paper 2
3.4.1 Give the LETTER of the pyramid that match food chain 1.
(2)
3.4.2 The table below indicates data for food chain 2.
ORGANISM NUMBER TOTAL MASS (g)

Thorntree 2 250 000
Beetles 50 250
Lizzards 10 115
Owl 1 90
Draw and label a bio-mass pyramid for food chain 2. (4)
3.4.3 Explain what will happen in food chain 1 during a severe

drought. (3)
(9)

Paper 2
3.5 The diagram below shows a nutrient cycle.
Atmospheric
gas B
Ammonium
Ammonia D
Nitrifying
bacteria
3.5.1 Identify the following from the diagram:
(a) Natural phenomenon A (1)
(b) Gas B (1)
(c) Microorganism C (1)
(d) The element D that is absorbed by plants (1)
3.5.2 Explain the consequence to animals if the atmospheric gas A

is removed from this cycle. (3)
(7)

Paper 2
3. 6 Nathan and Nqaba heard that the Spekboom plant absorbs large amounts of
CO2 from the atmosphere, which helps prevent global warming. Plants need
CO2 for photosynthesis and to grow.
They decide to investigate the amount of CO2 absorbed from different plants.
They bought three different types of plants from their local nursery with the
same height, age and size: a Spekboom, an Aloe and a Prickly Pear.
All three plants were planted in equally sized pots with the same type and
amount of soil. They were placed in the same location and received equal
amounts of water.
Uptake of CO2 can be measured with the means of an IRGA (Infra-Red Gas
Analyser)
The results are shown in the table below:
Co2 uptake in (g)

Plant Start End Increase
Aloe 800 832 32
Prickly Pear 800 843 43
Spekboom 800 871 71
3.6.1 Identify the independent variable. (1)
3.6.2 Identify THREE ways that Nathan and Nqaba ensured the
validity of their investigation. (3)
3.6.3 Write a conclusion from the results. (2)
3.6.4 Draw a bar graph to show the increase in CO2 uptake of all
three types of plants. (6)
(12)
[50]
TOTAL SECTION B: 100
GRAND TOTAL: 150

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GRADE 10

This question paper consists of 17 pages.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the following instructions carefully before answering the questions.

1. Answer ALL the questions.

2. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

3. Start the answers to EACH question at the top of a NEW page.

5. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question.

7. Draw diagrams, tables or flow charts only when asked to do so.

9. Do NOT use graph paper.

11. Write neatly and legibly.

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.1.1 A population is made up of …

A individuals of the same species.

QUESTIONS 1.1.2 AND 1.1.3 ARE BASED ON THE DIAGRAM BELOW OF A

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Copyright reserved Please turn over

QUESTIONS 1.1.6 AND 1.1.7 ARE BASED ON THE EXPERIMENT BELOW.

Soil sample in funnel

Cotton wool plug

The correct aim of this experiment is:

A To determine the pH of different soil types

1.1.7 Which funnel contains clay soil?

1.1.8 Proteas are common to which biome?

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.1.10 A person who studies fossils is known as a…

1.2.2 The membrane that surrounds the heart

1.2.3 An organism that is specifically restricted to a region

1.2.4 Movement of water between the ocean, atmosphere, and land

1.2.5 Variety of living organisms on earth

1.2.7 The remains of organisms that have been preserved in rock

1.2.9 The non-living components of an ecosystem

1.2.10 The trophic level on which primary consumers occur

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.3 Indicate whether each of the descriptions in COLUMN I applies to A ONLY,

1.4 The diagram below shows the feeding interaction in an ecosystem.

1.4.1 Identify what is represented by this diagram. (2)

1.4.2 What does the arrows in the diagram represent? (1)

1.4.3 Identify the producer in the diagram above. (1)

1.4.4 Give the NAME of ONE of the following:

(a) Carnivore (1)

(b) Secondary consumer (1)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

1.4.6 Which group of organisms will have the largest total

1.5 Blood doping is an illegal performance-enhancing practice primarily used by

` 1.5.1 Give the function of haemoglobin in the blood (1)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

Below is a representation of a normal heart and a heart affected by LVH:

2.1.2 Name the phase in the cardiac cycle when

2.1.3 Describe the flow of blood in the phase named in

2.1.4 The left ventricle of a normal heart pumps blood at higher

Explain the reason for this. (2)

Copyright reserved Please turn over

It reveals the time since death of organisms, provides historical timelines,

By studying this decay, scientists can reconstruct the history of life on

The table below shows the decay of Carbon-14 over time.

2.2.2 According to the extract give TWO significances of determining

2.2.3 Identify the percentage of original Carbon-14 remaining in a

2.2.5 Describe fossil formation. (7)