P R E S E N TAT I O N B Y

Krishnendu, Sirsho, Akash, Ronit, Asim, Subhajit,

Upratim, Priyanshu, Arit, Sayan & Harun
FORMS OF
LIFE !
 INTRODUCTION

Welcome to our journey into the fascinating world of life forms.

Life on Earth is incredibly diverse, ranging from the simplest
Microorganisms to the most complex plants and animals.
Each form of life, whether tiny or large, plays a vital role
in the intricate web of ecosystems that sustain our planet.
In this presentation, we will explore the various forms of life,
their characteristics, and their significance in the natural world.
Let's dive into the amazing diversity that
makes our planet so vibrant and full of life!
Prokaryotes play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of
ecosystems. These microscopic organisms, including bacteria
and archaea, contribute significantly to processes such as
nitrogen fixation and decomposition. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria,
found in the root of certain plants, convert atmospheric
nitrogen into forms that plants can use for growth.
This process is vital for soil fertility and supports the
entire food web. Additionally, prokaryotes are essential
decomposers, breaking down dead organic matter and recycling
nutrients back into the soil. This decomposition process not only
enriches the soil but also promotes the growth of new plants,
creating a continuous cycle of life.
Characteristics of
Prokaryotes :

 Unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus

and membrane-bound organelles.

 DNA is circular and found in the

nucleoid region.

 Examples include bacteria and archaea.

 Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus and

membrane-bound cellular organelles.

Prokaryotic Cell
Structure
 Importance in
Ecosystems :
 Nitrogen Fixation:

Convert atmospheric nitrogen into

forms usable by plants.

 Decomposition:

Break down dead organic matter,

recycling nutrients back into the
ecosystem.
 Eukaryotic Life Forms

 These ancient rebels were the earliest players on the scene. They’re
the prokaryotes—single-celled, no-nonsense organisms. Think
bacteria and their cousins. They’ve been around since forever,
rocking their tiny cells without a nucleus or fancy organelles
Monera

 Next up, the pioneers of eukaryotic life! Protists are like the wild
experimenters—single-celled, but with a twist. Some swim with
cilia or flagella, while others do the amoeba shuffle. They’ve got
nuclei, organelles, and a whole range of lifestyles
Protista

 These cool cats joined the party. They’re the recyclers, the
decomposers. Mushrooms, yeasts, and mold—they break down
stuff like it’s their job. Plus, they’re not plants, despite their earthy
vibes
Fungi
 Eukaryotic Life Forms

 The green gang! Plants decided to step out of the water and
conquer land. They’re multicellular, photosynthetic champs. From
towering trees to dainty mosses, they’ve got the whole “sunlight-
to-energy” thing down
Plantae

 The ultimate showstoppers! Animals burst onto the scene with

flair. Multicellular, mobile, and hungry for adventure. From ants to
elephants, they’ve been evolving and strutting their stuff for eons

Animalia
 Viruses: Life at the Edge
A virus is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)
surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone; instead, it must infect cells and use
components of the host cell to make copies of itself. Often, a virus ends up killing the host cell in the
process, causing damage to the host organism. Well-known examples of viruses causing human
disease include AIDS, COVID-19, measles and smallpox.

Structure: Replication:
Simple in structure, consisting of genetic material and a They cannot reproduce on their own; they hijack a host
protein coat, sometimes with a lipid envelope. cell’s machinery to replicate and spread.

Living or Non-Living? Impact:

Viruses are non-living outside a host, but exhibit life-like Viruses can cause diseases like the flu, HIV, and COVID-19,
functions, like replication, once inside a host cell. showing their global significance.
 COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound
impact on INDIA, beginning in early 2020
and leading to widespread health,
economic, and social challenges. The
country experienced multiple waves of
infections, resulting in significant loss of
life and strain on healthcare resources.
Lockdowns were implemented to curb
the spread of the virus, affecting millions
of livelihoods and pushing many into
poverty. However, the pandemic also
spurred remarkable resilience and
innovation, with a rapid ramp-up in
vaccine production and distribution, as
india became one of the largest
manufacturers of vaccines globally. The
collective efforts of the government,
healthcare workers, and citizens played a
crucial role in navigating this
unprecedented crisis.
Multicellular vs.
Unicellular
Organisms
 Plants: The Primary Producers

 Plants are nature's solar-powered factories,

transforming sunlight into food through
photosynthesis.

 They are Earth's ultimate energy creators,

fueling ecosystems and life forms, from tiny
insects to massive predators.

 From providing food to producing oxygen,

plants are the unsung heroes of every breath
we take.
ANIMALS: THE
DIVERSE KINGDOM
Ecosystem Roles of Animals
Animals play essential roles in ecosystems as predators,
prey, and pollinators. They rely on other organisms for
survival, creating a dynamic balance in nature. This
interdependence highlights the importance of
biodiversity and the intricate relationships that sustain
life.

The Diversity of Animal Species

With over 8 million species, animals showcase remarkable

diversity, adapting to every habitat on Earth. From the
depths of the ocean to the highest mountains, each species
has evolved unique traits that enable it to thrive in its
environment, demonstrating nature's incredible creativity
and resilience.
 Fungi: The
Decomposers
Fungi play a crucial role in ecosystems by breaking down
01 complex organic matter, such as dead plants and animals.
This decomposition process recycles essential nutrients
back into the soil, enriching it and promoting healthy plant
growth, which is vital for sustaining life on Earth.

Many fungi form beneficial symbiotic partnerships with

plants, known as mycorrhizae. These relationships enhance
02 nutrient and water absorption for the plants while providing
fungi with carbohydrates produced through photosynthesis,
demonstrating the interdependence of organisms in healthy
ecosystems.

Fungi contribute significantly to global biodiversity, with an estimated 5

03 million species. They are also sources of valuable compounds,
including antibiotics like penicillin, which have revolutionized medicine.
This highlights the importance of fungi not only in ecosystems but also
in human health and agriculture.
Protists Diverse Group
Protists are a diverse group of organisms
that don't fit into the categories of plants,
animals, or fungi, including single-celled
algae and complex multicellular seaweeds.
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic
microorganisms that typically live in water
or moist environments. They are
classified into several categories based Ecological Importance
on their characteristics, including As primarily aquatic organisms, many protists are
protozoa (animal-like), algae (plant-like), vital to ecosystems, serving as primary producers
and forming the base of aquatic food webs.
and slime molds (fungus-like). Protists
can be unicellular or multicellular and play
crucial roles in ecosystems, such as
producing oxygen and serving as food
sources for other organisms. Some
protists are beneficial, contributing to Beneficial and Harmful Roles
nutrient cycles, while others can be While some protists contribute to oxygen
pathogenic, causing diseases in plants, production and are beneficial, can cause
diseases in plants, highlighting their complex
animals, and humans. and often misunderstood roles in nature.
Extremophil
es:
Extremophiles are unique organisms that
thrive in extreme environments, such as
extreme temperatures (thermophiles), high
acidity (acidophiles), or high salinity
(halophiles). Their adaptations allow them to
survive conditions that would be lethal to
most other life forms, showcasing the
incredible versatility of life.

Examples of extremophiles include

thermophiles found in hot springs, halophiles
in salt flats, and acidophiles in acidic
environments. These organisms play
essential roles in their ecosystems and offer
valuable insights into the resilience of life, as
well as potential applications in
biotechnology, such as developing enzymes
that function in harsh conditions.
 Evolution of Life Forms

• Life on Earth began around 3.5 billion years ago with • Evolution has driven the incredible diversity of life,
simple single-celled organisms. Over time, through allowing species to adapt to changing environments.
processes like mutation and natural selection, more This process explains the vast range of organisms seen
complex life forms evolved, leading to the development of today, from microscopic bacteria to large mammals,
multicellular organisms, plants, animals, and eventually each uniquely suited to its ecological niche.
humans.
 Conclusion:
Over billions of years, life on Earth has
01 undergone a remarkable transformation,
evolving from simple single-celled
organisms to a vast array of complex
species. This incredible adaptability and
resilience have allowed life to thrive in
diverse environments, shaping the world as
we know it today.

02 As we look to the future, the survival of life

on Earth faces significant challenges due to
climate change and environmental
degradation. How species, particularly
humans, respond and adapt will be crucial,
with advancements in technology and
conservation efforts playing a key role in
ensuring a sustainable future.
Thank You