CHM260 July 2021
CHM260 July 2021
CHM260 July 2021
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
2. Write Name, Matrix ID and Group in each page of the Answer Sheet. Start each answer on a
new page.
QUESTION 1
b) The flame source is the most important part in flame emission spectrometer (FES).
Discuss the importance according to its function.
(3 marks)
c) The figure below is the light source for atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS).
i. Name Part Y.
(1 mark)
ii. Assign the element source when an AAS analysis of iron is carried out.
(2 marks)
d) In the iron analysis, oxides formation may affect the precision and accuracy of the analysis.
Identify the interference and a way with a chemical compound that can solve the problem.
(3 marks)
e) In water quality analysis, pollutants such as heavy metal lead, Pb, is quantified by standard
addition approach.
QUESTION 2
b) Differentiate between planar and column chromatography based on the support materials
of stationary phase.
(4 marks)
c) A separation of extract from neem leaf using high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) produced two major compounds, M and N. Compound M eluted at retention time
of 13.3 min and the width at baseline of 1.07 min. While compound N eluted at retention
time of 14.1 min and the width at baseline of 1.16 min. A non-retained compound
generated a peak at 3.1 min after injection. Calculate the following:
d) Based on the values of the resolution, Rs, explain a way that would improve the separation.
(2 marks)
QUESTION 3
b) In a gas chromatography (GC) analysis of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME), a sample of
mixture containing several types of cooking oils is listed in the table below.
i. Relate why the sample is suitable to be analysed by GC with their smoking point.
(4 marks)
ii. Calculate the suitable temperature of the injection port for almond and explain your
answer.
(4 marks)
c) Write the temperature programming for the analysis.
(4 marks)
QUESTION 4
b)
i. Explain the principles of Ultraviolet-Visible and Refractive Index Detectors in
HPLC.
(2 marks)
ii. Determine the detector that is suitable for the analysis.
(2 marks)
c) Analyse the resolution in Chromatogram A when the organic ratio of the mobile phase is
90% by comparing the polarity between peak 1 and 8.
(4 marks)
d) Recommend the ratio of the mobile phase used in Chromatogram B. Defend your answer.
(4 marks)
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