CHM260 July 2021

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CONFIDENTIAL 1 AS/JUL 2021/CHM260

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA


FINAL ASSESSMENT

COURSE : BASIC INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS


COURSE CODE : CHM260
EXAMINATION : JULY 2021
TIME : 2 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. This question paper consists of four (4) questions.

2. Write Name, Matrix ID and Group in each page of the Answer Sheet. Start each answer on a
new page.

3. Answer ALL questions in English.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO


This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages
© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL 2 AS/JUL 2021/CHM260

QUESTION 1

a) State the principle of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).


(2 marks)

b) The flame source is the most important part in flame emission spectrometer (FES).
Discuss the importance according to its function.
(3 marks)

c) The figure below is the light source for atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS).

i. Name Part Y.
(1 mark)
ii. Assign the element source when an AAS analysis of iron is carried out.
(2 marks)

d) In the iron analysis, oxides formation may affect the precision and accuracy of the analysis.
Identify the interference and a way with a chemical compound that can solve the problem.
(3 marks)

e) In water quality analysis, pollutants such as heavy metal lead, Pb, is quantified by standard
addition approach.

i. Evaluate the advantage of standard addition approach.


(2 marks)
ii. Justify the usefulness in water quality analysis.
(2 marks)

QUESTION 2

a) Describe the principle of separation for components in mixture in chromatography.


(3 marks)

b) Differentiate between planar and column chromatography based on the support materials
of stationary phase.
(4 marks)

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL


CONFIDENTIAL 3 AS/JUL 2021/CHM260

c) A separation of extract from neem leaf using high performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) produced two major compounds, M and N. Compound M eluted at retention time
of 13.3 min and the width at baseline of 1.07 min. While compound N eluted at retention
time of 14.1 min and the width at baseline of 1.16 min. A non-retained compound
generated a peak at 3.1 min after injection. Calculate the following:

i. the retention factor, k’, for M


(2 marks)
ii. the selectivity factor, α, between peaks M and N.
(2 marks)
iii. the resolution, Rs
(2 marks)

d) Based on the values of the resolution, Rs, explain a way that would improve the separation.
(2 marks)

QUESTION 3

a) Indicate a suitable GC detector for each of the following samples:

i. X - halogenated compounds, nitriles, nitrates, and compounds with conjugated double


bonds
ii. Y – saturated, unsaturated, and aromatic hydrocarbons
iii. Z – any samples
(3 marks)

b) In a gas chromatography (GC) analysis of fatty acids methyl esters (FAME), a sample of
mixture containing several types of cooking oils is listed in the table below.

FAME of oils Smoke point (oC)


Olive 107
Palm 160
Avocado 218
Almond 276

i. Relate why the sample is suitable to be analysed by GC with their smoking point.
(4 marks)

ii. Calculate the suitable temperature of the injection port for almond and explain your
answer.
(4 marks)
c) Write the temperature programming for the analysis.
(4 marks)

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL


CONFIDENTIAL 4 AS/JUL 2021/CHM260

QUESTION 4

A reversed phase chromatographic analysis was run on a mixture of organic compounds. In


the diagram below, Chromatogram B was recorded on the same column and with the same
sample as chromatogram A, however, the mobile phase was modified to improve the elution.
Based on these conditions, answer the questions below.

a) Indicate the type of stationary phase and combination of chromatographic system


involved.
(3 marks)

b)
i. Explain the principles of Ultraviolet-Visible and Refractive Index Detectors in
HPLC.
(2 marks)
ii. Determine the detector that is suitable for the analysis.
(2 marks)

c) Analyse the resolution in Chromatogram A when the organic ratio of the mobile phase is
90% by comparing the polarity between peak 1 and 8.
(4 marks)

d) Recommend the ratio of the mobile phase used in Chromatogram B. Defend your answer.
(4 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

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