Solution

BMC
 By Le-chatelier’s apparatus we can
Solution (2004-2015) measure unsoundness due to free lime only
and by autoclave test we can measure
unsoundness due to lime and magnesia
1. (A) both.

Fine modulus of fine aggregate (sand) = 2

to 3.5 7.(C)
Find sand = 2.2-2.6 Hydraulic lime is good in strength. It is used
Medium = 2.6-2.9 for making mortar for masonry construction.
Fat lime is pure white in color and do not
Coarse sand = 2.9-3.2 gives more strength so. It is used where
aesthetic appearance is more e.g. white
Coarse aggregate = 5.5-8.0 washing.
All in aggregate = 3.5-6.5

8. (B)
4. (B) Composition of good brick earth
Degree of Vee-bee Consistency Silica - 50 to 60%
workability degree(sec)
Extremely >20 Moist earth Alumina - 20 to 30&
low
Lime - 5 to 6%
Very low 12-20 Very dry
Low 6-12 Dry Iron oxide - 5%
Medium 3-6 Plastic
High 0-3 Semi-fluid
9. (A)
5. (A) Composition of Portland cement
Higher the aggregate-cement ration leaner Lime - 60 to 67%
will be the concrete. In a lean concrete,
paste of aggregate will be less and hence Silica - 17 to 25%
the workability is reduced. On the other
hand in case of rich concrete with lower Alumina - 3 to 8%
aggregate/cement ratio, more paste is
Iron oxide - 0.5 to 6%
available to make the mix cohesive and fatty
to give better workability. Magnesia - 0.5 to 4%

Sulphur - 1 to 3%

6. (A) Alkalis - 2 to 1%
 22. (B)

13. (D) When limestone is burnt (up to redness) at

8000 C, It is converted into quick lime that
To maintained strength if want to increase process is called calcining.
the workability we increase the water
content, but we also have to increase the
cement content. So here water content is
most important factor. More the water 23. (C)
cement ration more will be workability of Granite, trap and marble are the example of
concrete. unstratified rocks.

14. (B) 25. (C)

Distemper is mixture of white chalk and the Lime is available by calcining calcium
water. carbonate at 8000 C.
• It is most suitable for plastered
surfaces as well as white washed
surfaces of interior walls. 26. (A) Refer to Q 1.

28. (A)

17. (C) The test specimen are 7.06 cm cubes

having face area of about 50 cm3.
Rapid hardening cement gives high heat of
hydration due to this it I s not suitable for
mass concreting work.
31. (D)
• Low heat, blast furnace slag &
pozzolana cement gives low heat of C3 A hydrates and hardens the quickest, so
hydrating so these types of cement gypsum is added to Portland cement to
are suitable for mass concreting retard C3 A hydration.
work.

32. (A)
18. (B) 65 to 70% of 28 days strength comes in 7
Oleic acid or steric acid is mixed with the days.
ordinary Portland cement during grinding of
clinker. Which is make a water repellent film
and it prohibits the moisture. So that type of
cement called hydrophobic cement ratio.
33. (C) 57. (C)

M20 grade concrete implies that strength of Bitumen is a non crystalline solids or
150 mm cube at 28 days of curing shall be viscous material derived from petroleum by
20 N/mm2. That is also called characteristic natural or refinery process and substantially
strength. soluble in carbon disulphide. It is asphalt is
solid state and mineral tar in semifluid in
34. (B) and fluid state is called petroleum.
Refer solution 33

60. (D)
35. (C) OPC (N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
3 days 7 days 28 days
Compaction is a process of expelling the
entrapped air. So density will increase. 33 grade 16 22 33
43 grade 23 33 43
53 grade 27 37 53
39. (C)

Limestone and marble are the example of 60. (C)

calcareous rocks. The crushing strength of first-class brick
should not be less than 10.5 N/ mm2, for
second class brick 70 N/mm2 and for third
40. (B) class brick 3.5 N/mm2.

Standard size - 19cm X 9cm X 9cm

Nominal size - 20cm X 10cm X 10cm 75.

Traditional size- 23cm X 11.4cm X 7.6cm All option are correct

46. (B) 84. (D)

The aggregate is said to be flaky when its The pressure applied on ply wood varies
3 from 0.70 to 1.40N/mm2.
least dimension is less than ( or 60%) of
5
its mean dimension.

• The aggregate is said to be 89.

elongated when its length is greater
than
9
(or180%) of its mean None of these.
5
dimension. • By increasing cement content
workability decreases.
 • By decreasing water cement ratio 103. (C)
workability decreases.
Silica fume : It is a byproduct of producing
• B using angular aggregates in place
silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloys. One of
of rounded ones workability
the most beneficial uses for silica fume in
decreases.
concrete. Rice husk ash. It is a carbon
• By reducing the size of aggregate
neutral green product. RHA is a good super-
workability decreases.
pozzolana there is a growing demand for
fine amorphous silica in a the production of
special cement & concrete mixes.
94. (B) Granulated blast furnace slag. It is used for
the blast furnace cement as a blending
Smith’s test - Durability
material and for the concrete as additive.
Schmidt hammer test- Hardness of the rock
Metakaolin: It is another pozzolanic
Acid test - Weather resistance materials which is manufactured from
selected kaolins, after refinement and
Crystallization- Degree of decay calcinations under specific conditions. It is
highly efficient pozzolans & reacts raidly
with the excess calcium hydroxide resulting
95. (C) from OPC.

Weight of brick (W) = 30. Kg.=

0.02941995kN
107. (A)
Volume of brick (V) = 0.19X0.09X0.09
Slump (mm) Degree of
W 0.02941995 workability
Unit weight = 0 Extremely low
V 0.001539 0-25 Very low
25-50 low
= 19.12 kN/m3
50-100 Medium
100-175 High

100. (A)

Zone-I represent, the coarse sand & Zone-

111. (A)
IV represents the finer sand in all the four
zones. Exposure Min Max
Category Grade w/c
Fine aggregate belonging to zone-IV should
Mild M 20 0.55
not be used in RCC work unless tests have Moderate M 25 0.50
been made for suitability of mix proportion. Severe M 30 0.45
Very severe M 35 0.45
Extreme M 40 0.40
130. (A) Adjustment of
Alumina imparts plasticity particle to produce smooth finish

• Lime helps in fusing, reduces

48). Refer Q – 11 (2016)
shrinkage on drying.
• Magnesia reduces warping
• Silica enable to retain its shape & 51). plywood made of softwood or
prevents cracking / shrinkage. hardwood if combination of two
common hardwoods are :- Ash, Maple,
mahogany, Oak, teak
152. (B)
Common softwood → pine, cedar,
6.8×54
R=
5.4×26
×100 = 50% spruce, redwood.

153. (B)
52). wooden mould is made from. Shish
As per Isa 456 – 200 the approximate value am wood because it is having good
of the total shrinkage strain for design may
strength & durability
be taken as 0.0003.

56). snows Crete is white Portland

176. (D) cement have similar strength to that of

1 portend cement have highly white color

No. of brick =
0.20×0.10×0.10
57). good duality of sand has obtained
from sea because it contains many
salts not suitable for use.
= 500
59). because it courses less hydration
process increases time for laying

63). Asbestos are made of fiber mineral

27 ). B) because it is having maximum consist of this fibred.
heat of hydration it a cause several diseases like
mesothelioma fir proofing material
2
42). 200 kg/cm roofing purpose use banned in united
states
45). hardness x
1 69). Nominal vibrator → 100 mm
Mechanical vibrator → 50 mm
157). pug mill is machine in which clay
81). because C3S gives major strength mixed into plastic state or far tempering
purpose
84). Plywood is obtained by gloving
wooden sheets at
pressure of 100- 130 N/cm2
Plywood have ply joined at right
angles

91). pozzolana = silica + alumina

100). ➔ zone I represent → coarse 3

one
zone – 4 → fiver 30ne
➔ zone -4 aggregates should
not use in R.C.C. work

107). Max bulking of sand occurs at 4%

bulking → finer > coarser

108). putty made up of finely powdered

commenting calcium carbonate & boiled
linseed oil. used to secure sheets of
glass in sashes, to fill nail holes etc.

177 ). Green concrete is made from

concrete that is are eco-friendly
 CO2 emission reduced by
30%
 good thornily resistance & fire
resistance

115). cider & vinegar decreases the

durability due to acidic nature
 Normal consistency for initial setting time =
0.85P

Solution 2016 Normal consistency for soundness teat =

0.78P

2. (A) 11. (D)

Composition of Portland cements are Slump value Consistency

0 Moist dry
Lime = 62-67% 0-25 Very dry
25-50 Dry
Silica = 17-25% 50-100 Plastic
100-175 Semi plastic
Alumina = 3-8%

Iron Oxide = 0.5-6%

Magnesia = 0.5-4% 13. (A)

Calcium sulphate = 3-4%

Segregation can be reduced by increasing
Sulphur = 1-3%
small size coarse aggregate, air
Alkalis = .2-1% entrainment, using dispersing agent
&pozzolana. Bleeding can be reduced by
use of uniformly graded aggregate, by
breaking the continuous water channel, by
3. (B) using finer cement, by using alkali cement
Gypsum is added to delay the initial setting and a rich mix.
time of cement.

18. (D)
4. (A) Role of different ingredients of cement:-
In the manufacturing of quick setting cement Lime : It imparts strength & soundness to
we reduced gypsum content to get the quick the cement, if it is in excess, makes the
setting property & it is much finer than OPC. cement unsound and causes the cement to
It sets quickly but does not harden quickly expand & disintegrate
Initial setting time = 5 minutes.
Silica : It gives strength to the cement. If
Final setting time = 30 minutes. silica is present in excess quantity the
strength of cement increases but at the
same time, it sets slowly.
5. (D)
Alumina : It imparts quick setting property
to the cement. If it is in excess amount it
weakens the cement.

19. (A & C)

For OPC

Initial setting time = 30 minutes

Final setting time = 10 hours.

Soundness (Le-chatlier) = 10 mm

Soundness (Autoclave) = 0.8%

Fineness = 225 m2/kg

Residue should not exceeds 10% by weight 26. (B)

when sieved through is sieve no. 9
I.S. sieve Wt. retained Cum%wt.
80 mm 0 0
40 mm 2 kg 10
20 mm 8 kg 50
10 mm 6 kg 80
20. (D) 4.75 mm 4 kg 100
2.36 mm 0 100
Color crete, rainbow cement, silver crete 1.18 mm 0 100
and snowcem are the name of white 600 𝜇 0 100
&colored cement. 300 𝜇 0 100
150 𝜇 0 100
740

24. (D)
740
The bulk density of aggregate depends Fineness modulus = =7.4
100
upon their packing, the particle shape and
size, the grading and the moisture content.

29. (C)

Standard size – 19 × 9 × 9 cm.

Standard size with mortar 20 × 10 × 10 cm. 37. (B)

Conventional size – 23 × 11.4 × 7.6 cm Role of alumina in raw bricks-

Alumina (20-30%) this constituent imparts
plasticity. So that it can be moulded easily.
If alumina is in excess, the raw bricks shrink 69. (B)
and warp during drying. If the water is added to the cement then
chemical reaction starts and C3A first
compound formed.
43. (A)

The entrained air in concrete increases

workability and it reduces bleeding and 75. (B)
segregation. It improved resistance of Percentage of water
hardened concrete to damage from freezing
and thawing is required. 1875−1500
= × 100 = 25%
1500
45. (C)

Slump test – for medium & High workability

80. (C)
Compaction factor test – for low & medium
Workability. The mixture of different ingredients of
cement, is burn at 1400 – 15000C
Vee –Bee – for very low workability.

108. (B)
50. (C)
Excess of silica destroys the cohesion
Compaction Use for
between particles and the bricks become
0.85 Low workability
0.92 Medium workability brittle.
0.95 High workability

128. (C)
51. (D)
With increase in fineness, the early
M25 – 1: 1 : 2
development of strength is enhanced but
M20 – 1 : 1.5 : 3 ultimate strength is not affected.

M15 – 1 : 2 : 4

M10 – 1 : 3: 6 186. (C)

75+60
Mean sieve size = = 67.5
2
68. (D)
Minimum dimension is less than 0.6 × 67.5
Iron oxides gives red color on burning and = 40.5 mm then the aggregate is known as
also gives strength and hardness. flaky.
 = Σ(curing period × temperature)

6. (A)

(Solution 2017) Angular aggregate : 38 – 40% voids

Rounded aggregate : 32 – 33% voids

1. (B)

Chuffs : Deformation of the shape of bricks

caused by the rainwater falling on hot bricks
is known as chuffs.
10. (C)
Bloating : This defect is observed as
spongy swollen mass over the surface of Gypsum act as retarder and calcium
burned bricks. chloride act as accelerator.

Lamination : It is by the entrapped air in

the voids of clay lamination produce thin
lamina on the brick faces which weather out 11. (B)
on exposure. Due to high temperature loss of moisture
Cracks : This is because of lumps of lime or occur hence hydration process not
excess of water. completed so strength reduces.

Blisters: Broken blisters are generally

caused on the surface of sewer pipes & 15. (C)
generally caused on the surface of sewer-
pipes & drain lilies due to air imprisoned An aggregate is said to be flaky if its least
during their molding. 3
dimension is less than 𝑡ℎ of the mean
5
dimension.

4. (A) An aggregate is said to be elongated if its

9
greater dimension is greater than 𝑡ℎ of
5
Theoretical strength = 240 × 𝑥3
mean dimension.
= 240 × (0.589)3

= 49.04 N/mm2
18. (D)

Coarse aggregate – 80 mm – 4.75mm

5. (A)
Fine aggregate – 4.75mm – 0.075mm
Maturity of concrete
19. (C) 33. (A)

Initial setting time of Rapid hardening There are two methods of batching of
cement is 30 minute and initial setting time concrete
for quick setting cement or rapid setting
cement is 5 minute. (I) Volume Batching.
(II) Weight Batching

25. (A)
36. (C)
Split tensile strength = 0.66 fcr
Properties of concrete can broadly be
fcr = 0.7 √𝑓𝑐𝑟 divided into two types

fcr = 0.7 √25 (III) Fresh concrete

(IV)Hardened Concrete
= 3.5 N/mm2

Split tensile strength = 0.66 × 3.5

40. (B)
= 2.31
% fine aggregate
Split tensile strength in terms of percentage
(i) = 𝑋−𝑍 × 100
combined aggregate 𝑋−𝑌
of its compressive strength

2.31
= × 100 = 9.24% % fine aggregate
25
(ii) = 𝑋−𝑍 × 100
coarse aggregate 𝑍−𝑌

28. (C)
52. (D)
Water requirement for OPC for hydration
process Composition of Brick Earth

For chemical reaction – 23% Silica → 50-60%

For gel pores – 15% Alumina → 20-30%

For complete hydration – 38% Lime → Not greater than 5%

Iron Oxide → 5-6%

32. (A) Magnesia → 1%

Plasticizer – lingo sulphonic acid, poly glycol

ester, Hydroxylated
59. (A)
To prevent segregation, the maximum 100. (B)
height of placing concrete we normally used
100 cm but according to IS code. It is 150 Days strength
cm. 28 1
7 0.65
3 0.4
1 0.16
79. (B) 3 months 1.10
6 months 1.15
% fine aggregate 12 months 1.20

F.M.CA− F.Mcombined
= ×100
F.M.combined− F.MFA

7.6−6.4 102. (C)

= ×100
6.4−2.8 Compaction Degree of
factor workability
0.85 LOW
12 0.92 MEDIUM
= ×100 = 33.33% 0.95 HIGH
36

103. (B)
82. (D) Composition of Blast furnace slag
An aggregate is termed to be elongated it its Cao → 40-45%
9
greater dimension is greater than 1.8 or
5 SiO2 → 30-35%
times of its mean dimension mean
60+75 Al2O3 → 10-15%
dimension = = 67.5mm
2 MgO → 8%
9
Elongated aggregate length = 67.5×
5
122. (D)
= 121.5mm
An aggregate is termed to be flaky when it’s
3
least dimension is smaller than 𝑡ℎ of its
5
85. (D) mean dimension

According to IS 456 standard concrete 20+25

Mean dimension = = 22.5mm
mixes are M25, M30, M35, M40, M45, M55. 2
Total 7 grades so (D) option close to it.
3
Thickness = 22.5 × = 13.5mm
5
 Water for hydration of OPC

128. (A&C) For chemical reaction - 23%

(A&C) Option are correct For gel pores – 15%

131. (D)

To make timber fire resistance 167. (D)

(i) By sir Abel’s process Concrete consists of four component

(ii) By soaking timber in chemical like cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate
ammonium sulphate, borax, zinc and water.
chloride, boric acid, etc.
(iii) By special chemical solution called
antipyrines. 170. (D)
(iv) By two coats of solution of borax of
sodium arsenate There are three types of concrete mixer:

(i) Tilting
(ii) Non-tilting
(iii) Reversing

136. (D) 171. (A)

Volume of 1 bag cement = 0.035 m3 Excess vibration during compaction of
= 50 kg concrete can lead to bleeding.

1 ton = 1000kg.

1000 172. (C)

No. of bags = = 20
50 Form the point of economy in cement
requirements for a given water / cement
ratio angular aggregates not used. And due
158. (C) to higher surface area it requires higher
cement paste.
It is found that ordinary cement achieves
about 70% of it’s final strength in 28 days
and about 90% in 1 year %99% in 3 year
but in construction we work on 28 day’s 191. (C)
strength. F = FCK + 1.65 𝜎

26 = 26 + 1.65𝜎
159. (B)
 7 224. (D)
𝜎= = 4.24
1.65

Compaction factor Workability

197. (C) 0.85 Low
0.92 Medium
6.8−5.4 0.95 High
F.M. = = 0.5
5.4−2.6

227. (C)

Finishing consist steps

199. (C) (i) Screeding

Slump value Workability

0 Extremely low
0.25 Very low
50-100 Medium
100-175 Low
100-175 High
(ii) Floating
(iii) Troweling

258. (D)

216. (C) 15−12

Bulking = = 0.25
12
Volume of gel
Gel- space ratio =
Space available
294. (B)
0.657C
=
0.319C+W Proportion = 1: 3: 6

Where, C = Cement wt. (gm) Means sand =3

W = Water content (ml) Bulking of sand = 15%

0.657×600 Actual quantity of sand = 3 × 1.15

=
0.319×600+(600×0.65)
= 3.45
= 0.678